Nt2580 Final Project Essay Examples

Nt2580 Final Project Essay examples
Nt2580 Final Project
Richman Investments |
Richman Internet Infrastructure Security Management Upgrade |
ITT Technical Institute NT2580 Course Project |
Based on the premises that Richman has 5000 employees throughout the main office and several
branch offices, this document dictates research solutions and details the appropriate access controls
including policies, standards, and procedures that define who users are, what they can do, which
resources they can access, and which operations they can perform on a system. |
Final Project
I. Richman Internet Infrastructure Security Management Upgrade
A. Purpose
Based on the premises that Richman has 5000 employees throughout the main office and several
branch offices, this document dictates ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will be taught to all Richman users by corporate video training followed by password reset
script for users to change their passwords to the new method. SFSP works on a three part method.
a. Input Rules are static procedures dictating where certain information is to be typed
b. Secret Code is a static number that a user secretly chooses that is easy to remember.
c. Memory Cue is a an easy to remember word the user secretly selects
2. This is an example of the new password method for Richman employees. You can make as many
input rules as the company deems necessary. For this password example there are two rules. The
static number is the first number before the rule changes the number. The memory cue is the easy to
remember word.
a. R1 = Add doubling numbers in between each character of simple word, before, through and after
R2 = Insert the special character "*" (not including quotes) as the first and last character, as the last
step in creating the password
b. Secret Code number is 1
c. Memory Cue is internet
d. New Password is *1i2n4t8e16n32e64t128*
e. Memory Cue is oranges
f. New Password is *1o2r4a8n16g32e64s128*
C. Permissions and Rights (What they can do. . Which operations they can perform on a system.)
All users will be reviewed to insure they are set up correctly with their user rights and permissions.
The Administrator will review and updates roles and objects to insure each user has

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Trusted Computing Group Analysis
Is one of Trusted Computing Group (TCG) specifications to measure, store and report hardware and
software integrity through a hardware root–of–trust. MTM is a security factor in mobile devices
checks all software and applications each time the underlying platform starts. MTM has very
constraints such as circuit area, as well as available power. Therefore, a MTM needs the spatially–
optimized architecture and design method to guarantees the integrity of a mobile platform [29].
Bouzefrane et al. [30] proposed a security protocol to authenticate Cloudlets–based mobile
computing using a mobile feature called NFC (Near field communication) of wireless data.
Cloudlets are used to offload intensive computation for NFC platforms, when mobile ... Show more
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D. Single Sign On (SSO)
Most users have multiple accounts in various Service Providers with different usernames and
passwords which in turn leads to lost productivity and apply more overhead on administrators. So,
there is a need to use the SSO technique in which an authorized user uses only a single action of
authentication to access all related systems or applications of same trust domain [34]. In cloud based
SSO system the central authentication server hides a multiplicity of user's account information into a
single account to be sent to the needed server of the system or application whenever the user intends
to use it [35]. The concept of SSO can be deployed within an Intranet, Extranet or Internet using
Token or PKI–based SSO protocols for single credentials or set of other protocols for multiple
credentials as declared in the following Figure:
Binu et al. [34] Proposed a Cloud authentication model with Single Sign–on (SSO) functionality
that uses a password and mobile token stored within a mobile phone as the authentication factors.
This model uses a Secure Access Markup Language 'SAML' protocol running on the authentication
server to support access across multiple domains.
2–Factor Authentication (2FA) is more suitable with principles of cloud authentication. A user sends
his username and password as the first factor to the cloud server for authentication. The cloud server
asks the user to send

The New River Guitars Ise Deployment
Executive Summary
The purpose of this document is to provide New River Guitars with detailed documentation of the
ISE 1.2 deployment performed during October and November, 2013. This document will encompass
business and technical requirements, methodology, design, and specific configurations for the ISE
deployment.
The New River Guitars ISE deployment will leverage ISE version 1.2 software in VMware virtual
machines. A distributed ISE deployment will be utilized placing nodes in the Phoenix and Nashville
data centers. Each data center will house an administrative node (PAN), a monitoring node (MnT),
and two policy service nodes (PSN). The PAN and MnT in Phoenix data center are the primary
devices. The PSNs are placed behind an F5 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Per New River Guitars' requirements, the wired deployment will initially be in monitor mode. This
will allow users who fail authentication to be granted access to the network. Authorization Profiles
that are in use only Permit Access and do not Deny network access. ISE can be transitioned to an
low–impact or closed mode to require users to authenticate and authorize via ISE before being
granted access to the network. Low Impact and closed mode will be tested on lab ISE nodes and test
switches.
An authorization rule for Mac Authentication Bypass (MAB) was created. Devices without 802.1x
supplicants are authenticated against the MAB policy and then profiled. Once the device is profiled
a new authorization policy is created based upon the profiled endpoint identity and inserted above
the MAB rule in authorization policies. The intention of this is to profile and categorize every device
on the New River Guitars network.
2. Design Requirements
The primary requirements for this design are listed below to permit or deny users or devices network
access based on defined criteria.
2.1 Business Requirements
● Design a solution to authenticate, authorize and profile New River Guitars workstations using
wired connections based on a machine certificate using EAP–TLS
● Authenticate, authorize and profile New River Guitars wired devices that do

Lab 5: Assessment Questions
Lab 5 Assessment Questions
1. What are the three major categories used to provide authentication of an individual?
a. Password
b. Token
c. Shared Secret
2. What is Authorization and how is this concept aligned with Identification and Authentication?
Authorization is a set of rights defined for a subject and an object; this concept is aligned with
Identification and Authentication because these are the 3 steps to the access control process
3. Provide at least 3 examples of Network Architecture Controls that help enforce data access
policies at LAN–to–WAN Domain level.
a. Remote Access Servers
b. Authentication Servers
c. Logical IDS
4. When a computer is physically connected to a network port, manual procedures and/or an ...
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7. PKI provides the capabilities of digital signatures and encryption to implement what security
services? Name at least three.
a. Identification and authentication through digital signature of a challenge
b. Data integrity through digital signature of the information
c. Confidentiality through encryption
8. What is the X.509 standard and how does it relate to PKI? The X.509 formatted public key
certificate is one of the most important components of PKI. This certificate is a data file that binds
the identity of an entity to a public key. The data file contains a collection of data elements that
together allow for unique authentication of the own ingenuity when used in combination with the
associated private key.
9. What is the difference between Identification and Verification in regard to Biometric Access
Controls? Identification processes are significantly more complex and error prone than verification
processes. Biometrics technologies are indicators of authentication assurance with results based on a
predetermined threshold with measurable False Accept Rates and False Reject Rates.

10. Provide a written explanation of what implementing Separation of Duties would look like

Nt1310 Unit 1
1. Authorization:
Authorization is the act of checking to determine if a user has the proper permission to access a file
or perform an action, after the user has properly identified themselves through authentication
(Username/Password). Authorization is provided to users based on a job requirement or a need to
know that allows them to access the required material. Authorization is usually determined when a
user first gains access to a system but may change over time. If a change occurs that requires more
or less authorization for a particular employee, the concerned supervisor should contact the
appropriate authority to make the change.
2. Identification:
Identification is the means through which a user is associated with and gains access to an account.
The most common form of identification in use with computer systems is through the use of a
username. Other systems use Common Access Cards (CAC), smart cards, or tokens combined with
a pin code that allow for access to a system. More complex, high security systems might use some
form of biometric to associate a user with an account and permission set. Biometrics include:
fingerprint, iris scan, facial scan etc.. something that is unique to the particular person that cannot be
easily altered. Identification allows for the tracking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This authentication is historically something only known to the individual using their corresponding
Identification code. Authentication when using a smart card or token is both the insertion of that
card into the appropriate reader and the entry of the corresponding pin code. With biometrics,
authentication is the submission of whatever reading is required (i.e. thumbprint). Successful
authentication means that you have submitted the identification of who you say you are and verified
it through whatever authentication method was

cgmt 400 week 3 individual securing and protecting...
Securing and Protecting Information
Michael Anthony Horton
University of Phoenix
August 18, 2014
Instructor: Dr. Stephen Jones
Securing and Protecting Information The specific purpose of this paper is to describe the
authentication process and to describe how this and other information security considerations will
affect the design and development process for new information systems. The authentication process
is a necessity for safeguarding systems against various forms of security threats, such as password–
cracking tools, brute–force or wordbook attacks, abuse of system access rights, impersonation of
attested users, and last but not least reply attacks just to name a ... Show more content on
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Sadly, there is no way to alleviate the numerous amounts of threats that haunt networks and
computers worldwide. The foundation and framework for choosing and implementing
countermeasures against them are very important. A written policy is vital in helping to insure that
everyone within the organization understands and behaves in an appropriate manner with regards to
the fact that sensitive data and the security of software should be kept safe. When a security policy is
developed, it should be well defined and the information in it should be clear and plainly understand
and the objectives should be well defined so that there will be no confusion. Conversely, a data
system with security policies is probably going to have an assortment of countermeasures that
address a range of threats. Policies, standards, guidelines, and coaching materials that are known to
be obsolete and not enforced could be dangerous to a corporation due to the data being outdated. As
a result, management is basically drawn into thinking that security policies do exist within the
organization when actually that is not the case. Counter measures which are outdated does not do an
organization any good because without the appropriate patches in place, the organization's network
could have holes which would leave them extremely vulnerable. All organizations need to be
compelled to actively

Unit 3 Assignment 1 User Authentication
User authentication
With the rapid increase in the number of attempted breaches and resulting damages, there is an
increased need for user authentication, especially with numerous unknown mobile devices with
which consumers are using to access to IT resources.
Users of these mobile devices can be authenticated by the use of passwords or hardware token
devices and both password and hardware one–time password (OTP) in most cases. Generally, while
the use of passwords are inexpensive, they are thought to be a relatively insecure form of security.
Hardware OTPs, on the other hand, tend to be a more secure form of security, but are more
expensive and may also be susceptible to more advanced attacks, such as the man–in–the–middle
(MITM) attack. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inappropriate disclosure or misuse of sensitive information by an employee may result in
financial considerations and legal consequences for an organization. "Mobile devices provide all
kinds of new scenarios for business data to go missing, be shared with others, or be stolen. You need
to go into BYOD thinking this way, not just for everyday activity, but also when employees move
on from your organization" (Arnold, n.d.).
Every organization must have adequate control mechanisms in place to help protect sensitive
information from the distribution or transmission outside the organization, inappropriate disclosure,
and control of how the information accessed is used. Companies should have policies in place that
outline the course of action to take should inappropriate usage or disclosure of data be

Nt1310 Unit 3 Network Security Assignment 1
SOFTWARE SECURITY ASSIGNMENT 1
Rakesh Subramanian Suresh 1207412319 9/29/20144
1.
a)
Some of the Authentication techniques used are Extensible Authentication Protocol, EAP –
Transport Layer Security, EAP–Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version
2(EAP–MS–CHAP v2) and Protected EAP (PEAP).
In Extensible Authentication Protocol, a random set of authentication mechanism is used such as
using smart cards or certificates or using user's credentials. Primarily the WLAN uses EAP for the
purpose of passing messages during the authentication process.
Similarly the EAP–Transport Layer Security is a subset of EAP which is used where the
environment is certificate based. It provides a high level security with strong ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Cookies can be found, which means someone else can masquerade as us if they can find the right
cookies to use.
Contents downloaded using the networks are visible.
c)
We should perform Attack and Penetration tests to identify vulnerabilities in our network which can
be accessed by hackers. Attackers sniffing on the network look for weak points in the network, thus
knowing the weak points using internal and external attack and penetration tests will make our
network more secure.
Network protocol such as SSH should be used between networked computers. The SSH protocol
helps in making a secure connection between computers or devises during information transfer, thus
making it harder to hack.
References:http://www.securestate.com/Services/Profiling/Pages/Internal–Attack–and–
Penetration.aspx
3)
SYN Flood attack performed in the below screenshots is done using a java tool called SynGUI.
Initially the Linux (Ubuntu) is run on an virtual machine using VMWARE. The attack performed is
on the IP address of the Linux OS.
Steps Performed:

1) IP address of the Linux is obtained using IFCONFIG.
2) The Linux firewall is disabled using the

Human And Technological Aspects Of Cyber Threats
Intro
In an age of rapidly expanding data and highly skilled threat actors, technological advancements
present the urgent duality of great opportunity and great risk. A universities data is integral to both,
and a critical asset that differentiates organizations. While it is impractical to completely 'lock it
down ' and yet it is open, use can threaten the organization 's existence. The challenge for IT team
security leaders is striking a delicate balance being security aware and remaining business driven.
The human and technological aspects of cyber threats changed dramatically in the past year.
Witnessing new techniques blended with the old, resulting in highly evasive attacks. Recently we
have seen big business, corporations, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Security Authentication Four processes are in the security authentication process. These steps are: 1)
Identification, 2) Authentication, 3) Authorization, and 4) Accountability.
It is vital to integrate these four steps into any network intended to be secure. Properly configured a
secured network will be able to protect itself from attacks like PW hacking, DDOS attacks, brute
force attacks, and insiders abusing their system rights (internal and external). Identification is the
first of the four steps in this process. Any user that expects to gain access to a system referred to as a
supplicant, and the tool that every user who gains entry to the network, referred to as an Identifier.
The identifier can have many different methods for identifying the supplicant. The identifier should
be able to locate the users ' credentials from a database of unique information that determines the
supplicants ' identity. The most common form of verification is done using the employees first and
last name. In case there are
Coworkers with common names, such as John Doe, employee Id 's or Social Security numbers are
utilized. In most companies, they are no longer using the employee 's Social Security number to
identify them in their system. They are replacing them with an employee ID. This reduces the
information that a network intruder (also known as a hacker) or another employee gaining access to
their Social Security numbers.
Authentication is the second

A Novel Tree Based Method For Data Hiding And Authentication
A Novel Tree Based Method for Data Hiding and Authentication in Medical Images Sreejith.R
Dr.S.Senthil Research Scholer Associate Professor Reva University Reva University Bangalore
Bangalore. r_sreejith@hotmail.com senthil.s@reva.edu.in Abstract – Telemedicine focus on use of
information and communication technologies in the situation when health care center and the patient
are remotely located. That means that health care services are provided remotely over the distance.
There are several telemedicine services which include transmission of information about patient's
health through text, sound, images and other data forms for the diagnosis treatment, prevention and
follow up of the patient's health status. The role of telemedicine services contributes a lot in health
improvement and its application should be considered favorably valuable. However, it is so much
necessary to be aware that the utilization of different telemedicine solutions includes processing of
patient's data and transferover open network. Thus, this issue should be considered from the
perspective of data protection. Medical images which are stored in health information systems,
cloud platform or other systems seeks attention. Privacy and security of such images

Cyber Threats And Its Impact On The Past Year
Intro In an age of rapidly expanding data and highly skilled threat actors, technological
advancements present the urgent duality of major opportunity and critical risk. A universities data is
integral to both, and a critical asset that differentiates organizations. While it is impractical to
completely keep it 'locked down' and yet open, it is use can threaten the organization 's existence.
Therefore, the challenge for IT team security leaders is striking a delicate balance being security
aware and remaining business driven. The human and technological aspects of cyber threats
changed dramatically in the past year. Witnessing innovative techniques blended with the outmoded,
resulting in highly evasive attacks. Recently we have seen sizeable business, corporations,
governmental agencies, and banking institutions, which we perceive as extremely secure, broken
into. Vulnerabilities, uncovered by hackers who in turn exploit them in out–of–date infrastructure
standards and developments such as the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged to present an entirely
new set of infrastructure challenges. Hackers continue to develop novel methods to breach the
security of the institutions they target. These methods are increasingly more sophisticated and
difficult to detect with the tools and programs designed to detect attacks and intrusions. In addition,
with this increasing amount of threats, fresh ideas and methods continually develop to prevent
further

Audit Controls Paper
1) The importance of access controls in addition to audit controls.
In addition to audit controls, access controls are important because they help reduce the risk of
internal data breaches by preventing unauthorized work staff to have access to ePHI. "Only
individuals with a "need to know" should have access to ePHI" (Brodnik, Finehart–Thompson, &
Reynolds, 2012, p. 304). Additionally, Brodnik et al., (2012), states that access controls are used to
aid in the authentication, audit and authorization process by implementing unique specifications
such as: a unique user identification number, emergency access procedures, having an automatic log
offs, and by having unique specifications within the system that allows for encryption and
decryption ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different types of technical control methods for person or entity authentication are password (with a
username or personal identifier), smart card, token, key or biometrics (Brodnik et al., 2012, p. 305).
That said, the best form of authentication that best meets the Person or Entity Authentication
standard for different healthcare applications is by having a combination of user identification along
with a password (AHIMA, 2010). Person or entity authentications are necessary to verify a person's
identity and is best used when individuals are accessing ePHI. Utilizing a combination of a
password and identification enforces stricter security measures by ensuring users are being
identified and authenticated before using an

Protecting Information Systems : Secure Confidential Data...
Failure to adequately secure confidential data and identify system vulnerabilities is a serious
problem for today Amazon's web store environment. Common weaknesses used by cyber criminals
account for millions of dollars in losses each year. Confidential data lost through vulnerabilities
within a computer or network causes critical harm to individuals and to Amazon each day.
Security Authentication Process
Security authentication is a process used to ascertain and identify a person or organization. The
authentication process uses security controls to ensure accurate identification is attained from the
entity requesting access to the file, folders, networks, intranets, etc. The most common form of
authentication is through the use of logins and passwords, although more and more security
personnel are realizing that in today's economic climate, this is just not enough security to protect
information systems and the valuable data that reside on them.
Information systems encompass an enterprise security architecture composed of a top–down set of
identified trust modules that define the infrastructure for the system. Prioritizing security threats for
each module add an appropriate security level to help mitigate potential security breaches during the
authentication process. Challenges reveal themselves and are apparent when a high level of security
restricts greater usability by individuals. Therefore, much resistance is voiced from

Kerberos: Remote Authentification Software
INTRODUCTION
When it comes to securing one's network and communication across said network there are various
options and protocols that can serve just that purpose. In order to fully secure networked servers and
hosts, things like biometrics and synchronized password generators are slow to be adapted and
require some physiological characteristic in order to function properly. These automated methods of
authentication are based on physical verifiers like iris pattern, fingerprinting, keystrokes are
signature recognition tackle physical security appropriately but when it comes to securing the
intangible there is authentication software available for protecting your secure authentication servers
and hosts. One such software developed by MIT, is available in both public domain and commercial
version, is named Kerberos; this software has become the standard for remote authentication.
Essentially Kerberos is a trusted third party authentication service, clients and servers rely on
Kerberos to me facilitate their mutual authentications, requiring that users to prove their identity for
each service as well as requiring servers to prove their identity to users. This instance based
authentication ensures that only authorized users may access authorized servers, this tight knit
handshake of authentication is complex and shows the fact that there are many ways for attackers to
penetrate security so Kerberos attempts to accommodate these vulnerabilities. To counter the threats,

Essay on It244 Access Control
1. Access Control Policy
Due in Week Seven: Outline the Access Control Policy. Describe how access control methodologies
work to secure information systems
1.1. Authentication
Describe how and why authentication credentials are used to identify and control access to files,
screens, and systems. Include a discussion of the principles of authentication such as passwords,
multifactor authentication, biometrics, and single–sign–on.
Authentication credentials are used to control access to sensitive data or systems by making it hard
for people to get into the system who shouldn't have access. Passwords and usernames are a good
start because if they are kept secure, they are generally very hard to bypass. If they are bypassed by
some method ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whoever has the responsibility to keep the data safe is probably the one responsible for dictating
access.
1.2.2. Mandatory access control
Describe how and why mandatory access control will be used.
Mandatory access is used to authenticate actions between a subject and an object. In order for a
subject to access an object it must pass a set of authentication rules.
1.2.3. Role–based access control
Describe how and why role–based access control will be used.
RBAC is a very efficient way to control access to resources. This is because access is granted to
select roles based on what the needs each role has to complete its job. Then, the person or program
is assigned to the role and thus will only be granted the access granted to the role they are assigned.
1.3. Remote access
Describe the policies for remote user access and authentication via dial–in user services and Virtual
Private Networks (VPN)
The policies for remote access, authentication via dial–in user services, and VPN's has to be more
strict than with general authentication and access within the work place. While there are ways for a
hacker to get into the system while following the usual work place policies, it would probably be
much easier to get in by one of these methods. When accessing resources remotely it is important to
have added authentication methods such as security questions or possibly some kind of portable
biometric device which can scan a part of the user and then send

Uses And Uses Of Shoulder Surfing
Currently, many authentication systems are suffer from many weakness. In this research paper ,we
see some common techniques to prevent our systems from shoulder surfing, like graphical
passwords, face detection, pattern locking system in smart phones, graphical secret codes, S3PAS,
Shuffling Text Method(STM), secret tap method, secret tap with double shift method and many
more. We discussed some techniques in it.
The well known vulnerabilities of the textual password are here. To overcome the problem in textual
based passwords we use graphical based password. Mostly, users tend to pick passwords that are
easy to remember or short passwords, which makes the passwords unprotected for the attackers to
break.
S3PAS is a complete version of graphical and textual based passwords. It changes textual password
into graphical passwords without changing existing passwords. It supports both keyboard and mouse
inputs.
Shoulder surfing is a simple trick to leak the important information from the monitor, another
technique which is proposed and discussed is Shuffling Texts Methods (STM). It protects
confidential documents.
In these days, Smart phones are widely in used. Mobile terminal stores countless types of important
data like personal information. To protect our personal data, they proposed shoulder–surfing attack–
resistant authentication Method that uses icon and touch–panel liquid crystal. It secures user from
shoulder surfing.
The ATM is generally in used. Nowadays, in many

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Biometric...
Introduction
Information security has become one of the biggest priorities to individuals as well as to enterprises.
It has therefore become extremely important that anyone accessing confidential or classified
information have the authority to do so. This essay investigates how biometric authentication
methods impact enterprise security. This determination will be made by looking at whether or not
biometric authentication methods are the best form of security for an enterprise. The advantages and
disadvantages of biometric authentication methods will also be investigated to determine how the
security of enterprises are impacted.
Overview
Since information security has become extremely important it is vital to ensure that information
does not end up in the hands of an unauthorised person. Strict security measures need to be in place
in order to control access. Typically there are two ways that a user can gain access to authorised
information. Firstly, by looking at what you have or know and who you are (Du, BIOMETRICS:
From fiction to practice, 2013) . The most commonly used way is ... Show more content on
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Here it was used to identify children by using ink to print their fingerprints (Bhattacharyya, Ranjan,
& Alisherov, 2009). Later on, in 1890 biometric authentication methods then resurfaced and was
used to identify criminals by looking at their body structure and the sizes of certain parts
(Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, & Alisherov, 2009). This method of identifying criminals was proven to
give false information and therefore was no longer used (Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, & Alisherov,
2009). As years went by, signature biometric authentication methods were developed in the 1960's
and 1970's but was not really used as a method of identifying people (Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, &
Alisherov, 2009). As a result, fingerprinting was seen as the most common biometric authentication
method (Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, & Alisherov,

Securing And Protecting Information Protection
Ryan K. Gilpatrick
CMGT/400
September 22, 2014
Anthony Seymour
Information is the most valuable commodity that individuals and global corporations use to grow
financially, economically, and independently. The protection and security of the information is
essential. One of the most vital foundations of protection information is the authentication process.
The authentication process is utilized to protect computer and network systems against various types
of security threats, such as password–cracking tools, password dictionary attacks, mistreatment of
user access rights, and any potential unauthorized attacked. Understanding how to authenticate users
and the accessible information that is readily available on system networks can help prevent future
issues as well as provide insight into the developmental process for new systems. In addition,
authentication is simply determining whether someone or some machine is, in fact, who or what
they declared there to be. This process directly reflects on and correlates to the readiness and ease of
access to information and the protection of it.
Authentication is an essential tool of the standard security model layout for most designs from the
ground up to build off. Identifying the individual or machine that is trying to gain access to
information can be serious tasking, that companies do not have the luxury of relaxing on.
Authentication is similar but

An Enhanced Graphical Password Scheme Using Aonv Essay
AN ENHANCED GRAPHICAL PASSWORD SCHEME USING AONV
ABRACT
Conventional textual password has been in use for authentication for a long time due to its ease–of–
use. However, drawbacks such as weak or stolen passwords and unrecalled passwords, has
frequently compromised security. Consequently, graphical password technique has been proposed
from literatures as a solution. However, this technique still faced with the challenge of peep attacks,
tradeoff between easy–use (minima cognitive requirement) and secured strength (moderate
complexity) issues. This research presented a graphic–based password scheme using Arithmetic
Operators and Numerical Value (AONV) in which the aforementioned issues are addressed. The
AONV model consists of registration and verification stages which users must successfully
complete in order to be authenticated. A hybrid technique based on recognition, cued and pure recall
was adopted. The system security was enhanced by image matching, numerical value, computational
numeric secret key, arithmetic operator and shuffling of images in grid cells. This help in frustrating
shoulder surfing attacks during the login session and maintain balance between usability security
strengthen. The model was implemented using C#.net programming language and SQL Server 2008
serves as the backend. It was observed that out of 18 registered users, 100% remembered their
images, 94.44% were remembered their numerical value and operator and 88.89% computed their
secret key

Access Control For Access Controls
Access control is simply a method that allows or denies the right to use to resources that is deemed
to have a value worth protecting. Access controls define exactly who can interact with what,
regarding what the subject may do during the interaction session. The basis is granting rights and
privileges to a subject with respect to an object.
Access controls must be rooted in good policies and procedures with strong tools to implement
them. To ensure complete protection of resources access controls are split up into two different
phases. The first phase is about forming a strong access control policy to layout the ground work for
the rest of the organizations policies .This phase of access controls should at least address which
subjects have access to varying degrees of sensitive systems and data, for what reason, and for how
long. Authorization is the process that drives the operation of this phase. Policy enforcement is the
next phase granting or rejecting access based on authorization of the policy definition phase. To
guarantee enforcement of policies this phase is split up into three distinct operations: identification,
authentication, and accountability.
Well–reasoned authorization is the fundamental building blocks of formidable access controls.
Regulating the access to resources is crucial for the success of an organization. Developing clear and
concise policies will insure the prevention of security breaches from happening, as long as they
firmly adhered to. These

Essay On Fingerprint Finger
Creating Fake Fingers for Secure Biometric Fingerprint Authentication As the unrelenting demand
for smartphones continues to increase, many technology companies are looking for ways of making
such devices easier, faster, and more user friendly. Many smartphones are equipped with fingerprint
readers, allowing the user to access their phones securely and quickly without having to type in their
pin or passcode. This prevents users from having to remember dozens of random passphrases that, in
theory, a hacker could potentially guess and be granted access into. However, this poses a serious
question – How secure is fingerprint authentication and why should consumers trust that this
technology will keep their information safe? Similarly, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capacitive readers work by measuring the differences in capacitance between the ridges and valleys
to map out the fingerprint. Because of this, unlike the optical reader, there is no light component
necessary in order to read the fingerprint. Thus, the capacitive sensors can be much smaller, and are
commonly seen in smartphones, laptops, and tablets. In figure 1 below, the difference between the
fingerprints captured by the optical (left) and capacitive (right) readers can be seen. Due to the
smaller size of the capacitive reader, it captures a smaller area of the fingerprint. Anil Jain and
Joshua Engelsma of Michigan State University are creating life like fake fingers, commonly referred
to as "spoofs." These pigmented, conductive silicon spoofs share properties similar to human skin;
their mechanical, optical, and electrical properties allow it to act basically as a finger. With these
spoofs, creators of fingerprint readers can use them for two purposes: 1. remove the discrepancy
between optical and capacitive readers and 2. enable readers to detect for only real fingers to be
granted access. The current problem with many of these readers is that if it was recorded on one type
of reader, and the user tried to authenticate with a different type, it would fail. These spoofs will
allow developers to test their systems, without having to use their own fingers over and over again,
while also ensuring consistency. In

Case Study All Pine Medical Center
Analysis: At All Pine Medical Center, the company seeks to improve their authentication method, in
order to increase security protection while keeping the process fast and simple to utilize. The
medical center needs to ask a few questions: What kind of two–factor authentication should be
implemented? What "provider" should be trusted? What media should be used? Which methods
should or could be combined and integrated to the existing infrastructures? And what costs will be
incurred? Physical form factors are tangible devices that users carry and use when authenticating;
such as a USB token. The clinician would plug in the USB token into the devices, and then be asked
to enter their user name, and four digit pin. The USB token would

Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography ( Huang, 2015 )
With many companies allowing/requiring their employees to work and connect remotely,
authentication plays a key role in the security of a corporation. With sensitive data being available
outside of a localized network, it is important to verify the identity of connecting employees in a
secure and encrypted way to prevent interception by attackers that would hope to gain by a lapse in
security. There are different methods for which this authentication can be achieved. Some are more
secure than others but all should involve the transfer of the sensitive login data being encrypted.
This paper will discuss some of the differing methods that may be used in a remote login
authentication system. A brief history of remote authentication is provided in a paper entitled, An
Efficient Remote User Authentication with Key Agreement Scheme Using Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (Huang, 2015). The history is described as beginning in 1981 which introduced a
password–based scheme in regards to remote authentication. This was further improved upon by the
introduction of the hash function for passwords as opposed to openly sending the password over the
network. In 2003, a protocol was introduced which involved a password including an authentication
phase and a password change phase. In recent years, there have been many propositions for 2–factor
and even 3–factor password schemes. Two–factor schemes offer greater protection by offering more
than just a password for authentication. The

Cross Platform Authentication Pairing Codes
Cross–Platform Authentication Pairing Codes.
1. Main Factors
Text passwords are nowadays the main way to authenticate users in web environments that require
privacy and security.
There are multiple authentication methods that required the use of a code to grant access to the user
to different kind of private information. This code could be a single letter and combination, or more
advanced authentication methods such biometric authentication.
Nowadays, in the context of having access to multiple websites with sensitive information registered
by the user, the use of passwords as a validation method is the most frequent. Studies have shown
that an average user uses 6.5 passwords, each of which is shared in almost four different websites.
Each user has about 25 accounts on the internet that require passwords, and finally, types an average
of eight passwords per day. (cite_Florencio).
The complexity of the passwords (due security requirements) has been increased, adding elements
and characters to the password composition. Users nowadays are asked to create combinations using
a specific character with a minimum of components to create a valid password. An overwhelming
number of users choose passwords that contain lower case characters only. This behaviour exposes
the combination to be extremely easy to break in a brute force attack. (cite_Adams).
The response has been adding more complexity to the possible combinations (different order for the
same objects) using available

Nt1330 Week 1 Case Study Of EAP
This case project EAP researches EAP. "What is EAP?"
Introduction
EAP was originally created as an extension to PPP to allow for the development of arbitrary network
access authentication methods. With PPP authentication protocols such as Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol (CHAP), Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS–
CHAP), and MS–CHAP version 2 (MS–CHAP v2), a specific authentication mechanism is chosen
during the link establishment phase. During the authentication phase, the negotiated authentication
protocol allows the exchange of information about the credentials of the connecting client. The
authentication protocol is a fixed series of messages sent in a specific order.
With EAP, the specific authentication mechanism is not chosen during the link establishment phase
of the PPP connection; instead, the PPP peers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, the EAPHost architecture provides additional
extensibility for authentication methods and supplicants, which are software components that can
use EAP over a specific type of link layer. For more information, see EAPHost in Windows and the
EAPHost API. TechNet (2015), "Extensible Authentication Protocol Overview", accessed October 4,
2105,

Retinal Recognition And Biometrics
Retinal scanning: Like DNA each human retina is unique. Its complex structure makes harder to
bypass for intruders.
Unique pattern of a user retina is mapped earlier into system, then a low perceived beam of light is
casted on the eye to map and match with the stored retinal mapping of that user
Iris recognition: Iris is a thin circular structure in the eye. Infrared rays used to perform Iris
recognition. It's used to identify an individual by analyzing the unique pattern of the iris from a
certain distance. Iris of every human are different from each other. Iris recognition biometrics is
contactless, which makes it the most hygienic biometric modality
Fingerprint:
Fingerprint is widely used as it's cheap. The three basic patterns of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It works on the basis of 'tickets'. The client authenticates itself to the Authentication Server which
forwards the username to a key distribution center (KDC). The KDC issues a ticket–granting ticket
(TGT), which is time stamped and encrypts the secret key and returns the encrypted result to the
user's workstation. This is done infrequently, typically at user logon; the TGT expires at some point
although it may be transparently renewed by the user's session manager while they are logged in.
When the client wants to communicate with another node, then it needs to send the TGT to the
ticket–granting service (TGS), which usually shares the same host as the KDC. The Service must be
registered at TGT with a Service Principal Name (SPN). The client uses the SPN to request access to
this service. After verifying that the TGT is valid and that the user is permitted to access the
requested service, the TGS issues ticket and session keys to the client. The client then sends the
ticket to the service server (SS) along with its service request.
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is one of protocol of authentication methods.SSL uses a cryptographic
system that uses two keys to encrypt data ,a public key known to everyone and a

Passive Authentication Effect On Enterprise Security
Wechsler, 2012).
Passive Authentication Effect on Enterprise Security The primary goals of an enterprise's
information security efforts are to ensure that data are available to the users, the data maintains its
integrity, and that the information remains confidential. However, this means that their information
systems and networks are vulnerable to an increased number of malicious and opportunistic risks
(Stanciu & Tinca, 2016). The research conducted by Dahbur, Z. Bashabsheh, and D. Bashabsheh
(2017) describes the basic security elements that require consideration in an enterprise as the people,
technology, procedures, and policies. Among these, the role of technology is of interest when
considering a passive authentication model. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another consideration for an enterprise's passive biometrics implementation is the use of the
biometric templates. According to Bhatnagar–Spantzel et al. (2010), biometric templates are
analogous with source symbols collected at the time of registration, or enrollment. However,
depending on the biometric method used and compression available, these can become quite sizable
reducing the organization's storage capacity (Jain et al., 2000). In addition, biometrics can be
implemented either on the server or client side of a system. The fact that clients are remotely located
challenges its implementation. This is because this type of authentication gives the client
responsibility and authority for the authentication (Itakura & Tsujii, 2005). Nonetheless, efforts have
been made to strengthen client side authentication such as the inclusion of error–correcting code,
fuzzy concepts for behavior profiling, and key generation (Bhatnagar, Lall, & Patney, 2010). A final
consideration involves implementation itself. There are often challenges associated with integrating
the biometric authentication model with existing infrastructure (Charndra & Calderor, 2005).
Likewise, users often have strong resistance to utilizing new systems due to the struggle between its
characteristics and the social context of its use (Kim & Kankanhalli, 2009). Conclusion The
intention of this

Channon Goodrow
October 13, 2014
David Kell / Instructor
Authentication Process Today's technology has so many advancements so on a regular basis when it
comes to authentication it is vital that any organization has a secure method that is set into place.
This method should protect a system against various security threats, these threats would consist of
individuals impersonating users and password hackers. Also if data and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They have to understand the connection between the two and the best way to do that is to study the
roles and responsibilities. Conventional SDLC's is also known as linear model and it pre determines
if the system will be near the top of the life cycle. Other techniques consist of prototyping, this
would be taking a model that is used for development and understanding of the current system needs
all the while not really developing the final operation. The policies that are addressed in the
information system security threats can be harmful to any company. Unfortunately there is really no
real full proof way to stop threats that jeopardize the network and computers all over. Proper
framework and foundation is the key when choosing and incorporating countermeasures, all of this
is very important. A policy must be written to make sure that everyone in the company /
organization has a clear understanding and acts accordingly when it comes to the sensitive data and
make sure the software is kept safe securely. Upon developing the security policy, it should be
broken down and all the items on it should be clear enough for everyone to understand, that way
there is no confusion.
Any data system with a security policy will most likely have an array of countermeasures that have
a range of threats. An organizations guideline, policies and coaching material that is virtually
nonexistent and not really pressed upon

Nt1330 Unit 2 Research Paper
SECTION TWO: METHODS AND NETWORK POLICES TO COUNTERMEASURE AND
MITIGATE THE RISK OF MV IN ENTERPRISE AND GOVERNMENT'S AGENCIES.
General recommendation and methods used to reduce the risk of MV:
The user authentication method has a crucial role to protect the MD and the data transferred through
the network either by using mobile's internal services provider like Verizon, Mobile, ATT or Wi–Fi
network providers in home or office. Many MD, nowadays Used two–way authentication methods
and OTP (one–time password) method which consists of generating string of varies of characters
and special characters to authenticate the user for one–time session. However, this method used for
many organizations and bank's system, still have its drawbacks when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While, the second method is building (Army App) store with fixed wireless distance and using a
special electronic equipment that suited for, the General Army Care and instructors [21]. On the
other hand, classified capability of Control MD like Secret Blackberry, secure iPad,
TIPSPIRAL(NSA) all equipped with information assurance certification and Accreditation process
provide real time access, reliable success decisions and remote scanning and special access key like
sensors, cards or fingerprint with independent multi–layer encryption, to prevent security preaches
[24].
All in all, the NIST published on July 10th, 2012 A special revision for managing and securing MD
against a variety of attacks for both personally–owned and organization–provided devices [39,38].
Stating the two approaches first, centralized management of the MD and alert massaging system to
worn server's management authority, both management methods contribute MD security policies
and restrictions provided by the enterprise security administrations to limit the use of application,
managing Wi–Fi network connections and constant monitoring system, in addition to third party
applications and providing encrypted data communication with intrusion detection and device
authentication control. Preventing installing of unauthorized software and prohibit the use rooted or
jailbroken

Authentication Essay
I. INTRODUCTION Authentication is the only method which protects information or data of an
individual or organization from a second party to access. Based upon the confidentiality of that
particular data or information, the level of authentication depends. Now–a–days, all this data and
information what we are talking about is getting digitized all around the world. For this digitized
data or information to be secure, a proper authentication procedure must be set. This arise the need
for an authentication secret which belongs to the category "Something we know" to come into
picture. These secrets authenticate each secret holder as the authorized legitimate user to access their
particular account. Technology is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, to convert location address into longitude and latitude coordinates, there is a number of ways to
accomplish this. You may have a GPS device which shows you these coordinates, and you could just
take a reading from the GPS while at the address and note down the coordinates. There are also a
number of software packages out there which provide this conversion, but you don't particularly
need to buy one of those geocoders unless you need to geocode a large number of addresses.
(Digital Maps API also provides geocoding of this sort, although it may not be as user–friendly to
those unfamiliar with programming, and the service limits you to a certain number of requests per
time period.)
About Mnemonics: Mnemonic devices are useful memory aids that can be applied to many different
aspects of daily life. There are always certain tidbits of information that people just can't seem to
remember in the form they are presented. People rely on mnemonics when they create some
association between that information they wish to remember and other concepts that they already
know, or find easier to remember. The use of mnemonics has also been shown to be of significant
value in the field of education. Manalo has shown that instruction using a specific type of
mnemonics known as "process mnemonics" produced improvements of mathematical ability in
students classified as learning disabled [3].Process mnemonics are used

Unit 5-2 Agression Analysis Paper
5 – 2 – 2 survey type of not checking type of authentication , universal problem . If one of the
parameters of integer function , but the real argument given pass floating point number , related to
the point between function as an integer and wrong interpretation of the result .
5 – 2 – 3 error review in the third issue false authentication , in short rebound values is functions .
For example, consider the plan , which needs to be a file ownership . that an information system to
function of Table characteristics , calling on the file . Malik program file from a good record in the
field of information , to file . If successful operation function , the information contained in the
record will be meaningless . So , if the situation is not subject to review back , may be mistaken
action plan .
5 – 2 – 4 examining the correct data ,
The principles of authentication by default safe demolition . The principles of the need to know the
correct values and false values . Unfortunately, some developers incorrect data and assume the rest
of the data are correct.
5 – 2 – 5 input review
All the inputs of non – sure resources need to be addressed. survey, conducted depends on the
method of data received by a input buffer (examining the constraints ) or reading from an integer (
checking and input signal ).
5 – 2 – 6 authentication design
Sometimes authenticated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the challenges and the vulnerabilities of desktop applications based on Windows in four batches
authentication, destructive, controls access control and evaluation of the studied and analyzed . went
on appropriate strategies to secure learned of Windows – based desktop as the check – list . for
people who are interested in studying in this area can contest with reference to the resources that
following a fuller and comprehensive information in connection with this matter and related issues
in this area

Key Role For The User Authentication
Section 1
Introduction:
User Authentication plays the key role for the users to make use of the resources available in any
given Environment. With the advancements in technology, it has become quite easy for a person to
find out ways to access the data of the other person. It is very important to verify the true identity of
the person trying to access his/her data. The concerned organization or the business group has to
make sure that the person trying to access is the right user of the data and care must be taken in such
a way that the resources are not used for the wrong purposes. Making use of the correct resources by
the right person in a right way is the purpose behind the authentication. A customer is mainly
concerned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas CBAT, a hardware based solution is the technology which is implemented in the user's
system, and it tries to evaluate the user by executing the logic implemented. The purpose of this
survey is to highlight the various authentication methods with their advantages and disadvantages
and to provide awareness to the individuals, so that suitable authentication method can be used in
the correct scenario.
Section 2
The Biometric Feature authentication is the simplest method that analyzes the way the user types at
the terminal by monitoring the keyboard inputs and identifies the users based on the habitual typing
rhythm patterns. The core idea behind this approach is that the biometric features are unique to an
individual and they cannot be imitated by any other person and they are unchangeable. The feature
used is Typing Biometrics. After the user types the target string password, Four features (key code,
two keystroke latencies, and key duration) were analyzed, combined and compared against the
default samples which are already present in the adaptive mechanism template of the system,
thereby authenticating the correct user. The advantage of this approach is its low cost, but it is
limited to very few numbers of users and the main disadvantage is that this method is not effective if
the length of the password is less than ten.
Gesture based and Lip feature based Representation approaches does

An Introduction To The Biometric Authentication System And...
block access to the card and its credentials. In the meantime, a temporary alternative must be
established for communication between the authority and the user.
Fig.4 shows how a message is used for authentication.
If the mobile number is duplicated or the phone is tapped,the confirmation message reaches two
people.In that case there is very high chance for the confirmation to be granted by the wrong
person.Then, there must exist another level of security like a security question which was given to
the user in the time of issuing the card.Or it can also ask for confirmation by asking the date of
expiry of the card,as this bit of information might not be accessible to the fraud. And also a default
message stating probable misuse must be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is sometimes possible to replicate someone's voice and use them for malpractice.In such cases,we
can use other biometric methods.
Fingerprints and retinas are unique to each individual.
The card swiping machine can be connected to a biometric sensor system or a retinal scanner which
acts as a confirmation for the transaction. For this method,the user's database must be fed into the
template database of the bank.As soon as the card is swiped,the biometric sensor receives the data of
the user by scanning the fingerprint or retina and checks for a match in its database.The transaction
can be successful only if the match exists,that is only if the identity of the person is stored in the
bank template database.In case the scanned result does not match with any of the existing database
,then the system should generate a message that can be sent to the registered mobile and the
auxiliary mobile number, thus making the user aware in case of any discrepancies.Along with the
biometric scanned data,the user must answer a question in order to make the transaction
successful,just to be on the safer side.
The bank can

Literary Review:Efficacy Of Biometric Passive Authentication
Literary Review: Efficacy of Biometric Passive Authentication Methods
These days, users have been faced with an ever–increasing number of passwords and the cognitive
restrictions associated with them. Furthermore, authenticating with typical passwords means
checking the user's identity once and never questioning who utilizes a system after that process has
finished. Nevertheless, new strides have been made in passive authentication, which would allow
users to authenticate with a system continuously throughout their session by implementing methods
such as keystroke dynamics, pulse–response biometrics, and monitoring user behavior. Not only do
these methods propose to constantly, or periodically to verify a user's identity, they are not ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, the question that would need to be asked is: How does passive authentication
methods impact the issues of time–cost economics, cognitive limitations of users, and the robustness
of a system's security within the context of an enterprise 's information security effort?
Domain
Numerous methods have been proposed that would try to alleviate the inferior characteristics
associated with text–based passwords such as time for the user and cost to the organization,
password retention, and propensity to create security risks. Among these methods, passive
authentication uses various biometric approaches for continuous authentication of the user's identity.
This involves combinations of methods such as keystroke dynamics, pulse–response biometrics,
retinal scanning, hand geometry, fingerprint scanning, and monitoring a user's behavior. (Li, Clarke,
Papadaki, & Dowland, 2014).
The framework of the study is to explore the efficacy of passive authentication methods from an
Information Security standpoint, to ascertain its impact on users' time–cost economics, cognitive
limitations, and impact on system security within and enterprise's information security environment.
Purpose Statement This study aims to explore the efficacy of biometric passive authentication
methods to affect time–cost economics, cognitive burden experienced by users, and enterprise
security within an organizational setting. Rationale
The

Application Authentication And The Key Role For The User...
Introduction:
User Authentication plays the key role for the users to make use of the resources available in any
environment. With the advancements in technology, it has become quite easy for a person to find out
ways to access the data of the other person. It is very important to verify the true identity of the
person trying to access his/her data. The concerned organization or the business group has to make
sure that the person trying to access is the right user of the data and care must be taken in such a way
that the resources are not used for the wrong purposes. Making use of the correct resources by the
right person in a right way is the purpose behind the authentication. A customer is mainly concerned
about the security of his data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different authentication methods have their own user identification rates and the accuracy of an
authentication method depends on the environment being implemented. User authentication can be
performed by considering various physical human aspects like the typing biometric features,
gestures, lip features. Technologies like CBAT which is implemented in the server machine, Visual
authentication based on a single sign on token also are used for implementing the user
authentication methods. CBAT and Visual authentication methods need extra circuitry hardware to
be implemented and they make use of the software applications which are installed over them.
Section 2:
The authentication of users is done by taking in to account their physical features, as there are fewer
chances of different people having the same features. Physical aspects vary from individual to
individual. So the biometric features, Lip features, gestures can be used to solve the problems
associated with security, as they are unchangeable and are owned to a particular person. The
biometric used is the typing keystroke pattern features. The keystroke typing pattern varies from
person to person [6].The core concept of biometric methodology is that the input data from the user
is taken and the key stroke data is collected to calculate the key features. The calculated key features
are used in the creation of samples and compared against the classifiers which are

Synopsis Of The Security Comparison
Synopsis The following table displays the synopsis of the security comparison:
Functions Oracle SQL Server
Authentication Authentication by OS, Network, Oracle, multi–tier, SSL, and database
administrators. Windows authentication integration.
Mixed mode of Windows and SQL Server maintained within SQL Server.
Authorization User resource limits and profiles. Privileges. Roles. Applications Roles. Fine–Grained
Access Control. Fixed server, database, and users roles.
Ownership and User–schema separation.
Least privileges. Role–based. Ownership chains.
Data Encryption Key–based transparent data encryption of columns and tablespaces. Internal
certificate store manages asymmetric or symmetric keys and certificates.
Auditing Enterprise Manager administers various types, records, and trails. SQL Server Audit trace
events, notifications, successful and unsuccessful logins.
Strengths
Oracle can provide advance security and compliance capabilities with the addition of Enterprise
Edition and the release of Oracle 12c. One feature, Label Security, has the ability to control access
based on data classification and enforce multi–level security policies. Another, Data Redaction,
reduces the amount of sensitive data and Transparent Data Encryption encrypts the data as it leaves
the database. Third, Database Firewall and Audit Vault, provides first line defenses before access
into the database. Fourth, Key Vault, provides central management of encryption keys, Oracle
Wallets, and

Aircraft Solutions Assessment Essay
Course Project: Security Assessment and Recommendations
Aircraft Solutions
SEC: 571
Adam Grann
Professor: Reynolds
Weaknesses are a symptom that is prevalent in today's information technology realm, indicating
vulnerabilities and risks that come hand and hand with shared networks like Aircraft Solutions. With
enterprises exchanging an unprecedented level of information over open networks, the
vulnerabilities and possibility of compromised security by unwanted intruders is swelling up into a
new type of beast. At Aircraft Solutions, there are several samples of concerns that could lead to a
breach of information or compromised branch of their system. Due to the design of their
geographical layout, secure connections that encrypt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The consequences of leaving all their information in one location can be catastrophic to the
company's operation and integrity as valued by their clients. Remotely storing vital information
should be the first precaution taken when installing an archive full of fragile data. NAS (network
attached storage), typically used in the form of cloud or RAID devices provides a safe approach to
storing company information. "Common uses are central file storage, media streaming, print serving
and backup for all the local drives on your network. You can even access most NAS drives from the
Internet if desired." (How to Buy Network–Attached Storage Drives, Becky Waring). If the NAS
devices aren't sufficient, file servers can support up to 25 users simultaneously and meet the high
demands of the usage that typically come with a large network. Business Process Management
(BPM) software is a crucial aspect in security policy and infrastructure and another major concern
for this firm. Considering the layout of the network, in which employees from various locations and
customers ranging around the globe can access, Aircraft Solutions should be sure their BPM is
strong. "One of the primary goals of instituting a business process management system is to provide
greater accountability for departmental functions, from tracking and monitoring expenditures to
ensuring deliverables are met."

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Textual Passwords
The system and information security is most important factor for security program and the major
security method for information and system security is authentication[1]. The authentication is
widely used for verifying the identity of a particular person. The most popular authentication
method is password authentication. In this, textual(alphanumeric) passwords are mostly used as
traditional method. These types of textual passwords are strings of letters and digits. But there are
several deficiencies in these textual passwords such as passwords used are short and simple which
are easy to remember[2].So textual passwords can be personal names of family members, dictionary
words, birth–date, pet name, phone number etc.and vulnerable to various attacks like dictionary
attack, easy to guess etc.[3][4]
Mostly users require the passwords for personal computers, social networks, email and more, and
for all these systems. For easy remembrance the users use the same password which reduces
security[5]. Hence if textual passwords are kept difficult then they are difficult to remember and if it
is easily kept then they are easy to guess. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a click–based graphical password where a sequence of clicks on an image is used to derive a
password mainly for authentication purpose. As compared with other click–based graphical
passwords, images used in CaRP are Captcha challenges and every time new image is generated in
CaRP scheme.It is mainly related on the image–recognition Captcha. It offers protection against
dictionary attacks on passwords, which have been a major security problem for various online
services. It is widely spread and considered as a top cyber security

Unit 7 Wpa2
Wi–Fi Protected Access 2, the follow on security method to WPA for wireless networks that
provides stronger data protection and network access control. It provides enterprise and consumer
Wi–Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless
networks. Based on the IEEE 802.11i standard, WPA2 provides government grade security by
implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FIPS 140–2 compliant
AES encryption algorithm and 802.1x–based authentication. WPA2 resolved vulnerabilities of WEP
to "hacker attacks such as 'man–in–the–middle',
Authentication forging, replay, key collision, weak keys, packet forging, and 'brute–force/dictionary'
attacks By using government grade AES ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The AES block cipher iterative encryption algorithm as implemented in WPA2 is considered to be
so strong an encryption standard that the National Security Agency uses its 192–bit and 256–bit key
lengths to encrypt Top Secret documents. For now and into the foreseeable future, the use of AES as
implemented in WPA2 should be considered to be unbreakable. The WPA2–Enterprise mode
provides the security needed for wireless networks in business environments. Though more
complicated to set up, it offers individualized and centralized control over access to your Wi–Fi
network. Users are assigned login credentials they must present when connecting to the network,
which can be modified or revoked by administrators at any time. The authentication method used to
verify the user (and server) credentials on WPA/WPA2–Enterprise networks is defined in the IEEE
802.1X standard. This requires an external server called a Remote Authentication Dial In User
Service (RADIUS) or Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server, which is used
for a variety of network protocols and environments including

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