In this presentation, you will get to know about the history of parts of speech and detailed material on the types of nouns and pronouns.

1. Functional English
Created By
Reda E Fatema

2.  Short description of Parts of speech.
 What they are ????
 How they came into existence???
 Is the research new or old????
 Their major role???

3. Words
Sentences
Grammar
Using Lexical
items
(Parts Of Speech)
Combine
them
according
to set of
rules
Lexicon or
vocabulary
bank in
minds of
human
beings
We use grammar in
order to make our
sentences Correct

4.  Dionysius Thrax
 First to present
Comprehensive Grammar
Of Greek.
 He firstly gave the concept
Of parts of speech.

5.  So, parts of speech are basically the
categorizing of words into groups according
to their usage.
 There are total eight parts of speech.

6.  Nouns :
A noun is a word that is used to
identify any class of the people, places or
things or to name a particular one of these.
 A noun is the name of the person , place
,thing or an idea.

7.  Hania is a cute girl.
 Emma passed the test.
 Taj-Mahal is a wonder of the world.
 Marie Antoinette was the last queen of
France.

8. Marie Antoinette was
the last Queen of France.
 When Marie Antoinette was born she had no
name but then she was baptized as Marie
Antonia Josephina Johanna. She was given
this name. Actually giving name to anything
is noun whether it is a person, place or a
thing.
Marie
Antonia
Josephina
Johanna

9.  Abstract Nouns
 Collective Nouns
 Compound Nouns
 Concrete Nouns
 Countable Nouns
 Uncountable Nouns
 Verbal Nouns
 Proper Nouns
 Common Nouns

10.  An abstract noun names an idea, a quality, a
value or a characteristic. You can’t hear, see ,
smell, taste or touch abstract nouns.

12. Software

13.  Nouns that stand for a collection of persons,
animals or things considered as one complete
whole are called collective nouns.
 Group of people
 Group of animals
 Group of things
 Family
 Team

14.  Coins  Pencils

15.  Compound nouns are words for people,
animals, places, things, or ideas, made up of
two or more words.
 They are of three types:
 Separated
 Hyphenated
 combined

16.  A concrete noun is a person, place or thing
that physically exists and can be seen and
touched. These are totally opposite to
abstract nouns.

17.  Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They
are things that we can count.

18.  Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc
that we cannot divide into separate elements. We
cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot
count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or
"litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself.
 music, art, love, happiness
 advice, information, news
 furniture, luggage
 rice, sugar, butter, water
 electricity, gas, power
 money, currency

20.  A verbal noun is a noun derived from a verb.
It exhibits all of the properties of
ordinary nouns and none of the properties of
verbs.

21.  Your name is a proper noun. A proper noun is
the special word that we use for a person,
place or organization, like John, Marie,
London, France or Sony. A name is a noun,
but a very special noun - a proper noun.
Proper nouns have special rules.

22.  Common noun is the name given in common
to every person or thing of the same class or
kind.

23.  A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it,
that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever,
whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word
that takes the place of a noun.

24.  Personal Pronouns
 Demonstrative Pronouns
 Interrogative Pronouns
 Possessive Pronouns
 Relative Pronouns
 Reflexive Pronouns
 Intensive Pronouns
 Reciprocal Pronouns
 Indefinite Pronouns

25.  Personal pronouns represent people or
things. The personal pronouns are: I, you, he,
she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them.

26.  "Demonstrative" means "showing, making
something clear."
Demonstrative pronouns point to things. The
demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these,
those.
Use "this" and "these" to talk about things that
are near in space or in time.
Use "that" and "those" to talk about things that
are farther away in space or time.

28.  "Interrogative" means "used in questions."
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask
questions. The interrogative pronouns
are: who, whom, which, what, whoever,
whatever, etc.
Use "who" and "whom" to talk about people.
Use "which" and "what" to talk about animals
and things.

29.  Example sentences:
Who is your father?
Whom did you speak to?
Which bag did you buy?
What are my choices?

30.  "Possessive" means "showing ownership."
Possessive pronouns indicate that something
belongs to somebody/something. The
possessive pronouns are: my, your, his, her,
its, our, their, mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
theirs.

31.  "Relative" means "connected with something."
Relative pronouns are pronouns that link
different parts of a sentence.
The relative pronouns are: who,
whom, which, that, whoever, etc.

32.  "Reflexive" means "going back to itself."
Reflexive pronouns show that the action
affects the person who performs the action.
Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or
"-selves" (plural). The reflexive pronouns are:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves.

33.  "Intensive" means "giving force or emphasis."
An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used for
emphasis. In other words, intensive pronouns
emphasize the subject of the sentence. They
are written exactly the same way as the
reflexive pronouns, but their function is
different.

35.  Reciprocal means that two people or groups
do the same thing to each other. They treat
each other in the same way.
For example, Joe loves Kate, and Kate loves
Joe. So we can say, "Kate and Joe love each
other."
Another example: Mike helps Lucy, and Lucy
helps Mike. So we can say, "Mike and Lucy
help each other."

37.  Akbar loves Jodha
 Jodha loves Akbar
 Akbar and Jodha love one another.

38.  "Indefinite" means "not exact, not limited."
Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that do not
refer to any specific person or thing.