Introduction including examples and activities

1. Non-Verbal
Communication
Communications
Robert Farrell

2. Contents
 Appearance Paralanguage
 Facial Expressions Silence
 Eye Contact Environment
 Time
Gesture
Music, Sounds
 Posture Smell
 Territory Dance, Art
 Orientation Signs, Codes
 Physical Contact

3. NVC
Key part of:
 Interview,
 Presentation,
 Group discussion.

4. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)
Verbal Communication:
What we say.
NVC:
 Communicate without words
(80%).
 Gestures, appearance etc.
 Same words, different
meanings.
 Learned by interaction.
 NLP.
 Body Mimicry
 Thin Slices literature.

5. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)

6. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)
 Ambiguous:
 Depending on sender/receiver.
 Depending on culture.
 Ok (finger) means zero in France.
 Many are Unconscious:
 Waving hands facial gestures.
 Depends on emotional state.
 Unaware:
 We are less aware than verbal.
 Can learn to observe & control.

7. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)
 Supports speech:
 Emphasis emotion, excitement, sympathy etc.
 Hand gestures, tone, pacing.
 First Impressions count:
 Dress, handshake.
 Shapes perceptions.
 Shows true feelings:
 “I'm listening” (As they continue what they are doing).
 Place a watch face down on desk.
 Turn to face a person.

8. Appearance
 Expression of our preferences.
 Subject to stereotype.
 Example:
 Personality (Extravert/ Introvert).
 Music preference (Goth, metal, hip hop).
 Status (Watch, shoes).
 Employment type (Blazer & shirt).
 Nationality (National attire).
 Club memberships (Jersey).

9. Appearance
 Expression of our preferences.
 Subject to stereotype.
 Example:
 Personality (Extravert/ Introvert).
 Music preference (Goth, metal, hip hop).
 Status (Watch, shoes).
 Employment type (Blazer & shirt).
 Nationality (National attire).
 Club memberships (Jersey).

10. Appearance
 Consider others perceptions:
 T-shirt to a job interview.
 Jeans at the gym.
 Over formal = out of place.
 We respond well to well dressed people.

11. Appearance
 Reasons for signals:
 For comfort.
 They are fashionable.
 To attract attention.
 To fit in with the crowd.
 To be cool.
 To remain traditional.
 To be modern.

12. Appearance
 Examples of signals:
 Men with long hair.
 Men with very short hair.
 Men with a beard.
 A female with a shaved head.
 Dreadlocks.
 Dyed red hair.

13. Facial Expressions
 Main source of NVC.
 Highly visible.
 Highly reactive.
 Examples: Smiling, frowning.
 Not conveyed in email or text messages.
Micro Expressions Video

14. Facial Expressions
 7 main facial expressions:
Happiness Sadness
Surprise Anger
Fear Disgust
Contempt

15. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)

16. Facial Expressions
 2 main parts:
Mouth: Eyes:
•Smiles, •Smile in the eyes.
•Sneers,
•Pouts, •Liars look down &
•Grins, avoid eye contact.
•Opens widely,
•Shuts tightly •Memory: Look up.

17. Activity
 What are they conveying?

18. Eye Contact
 Eye contact when speaking.
 Show we are listening.
 Czech republic:
 Avoidance signals distrust or lack of confidence.
 Asia:
 Eye contact considered rude.

19. Eye Contact
Eye contact shows our:
 Attitudes:
 Eye contact shows interest, connection etc.
 Attraction:
 Pupils dilate.
 Personality:
 Confident extroverts make frequent eye contact.
 Emotions:
 Breaking contact shows annoyance, lack of interest, hiding etc.

20. Gestures
 Made with body:
 Hands, shoulders, legs, face.
 Some are conscious.
 Add them in presentations.
Activity:
 How would you show:
 OK, Come on, Drink, No, Peace.

21. Posture
 How we:
 Stand, Sit, Walk, Move.
 Soldiers stand to attention: sign of respect.
 Sit upright & don’t slouch at interview.

22. Posture
Mood: Posture:
 Victory/defensive Arms & legs crossed.
 Defensive Crossed, fist clenched, teeth grinding.
 Boredom Fidgeting, avoid eye contact.
 Interest Sit up straight, eye contact, nodding.
 Nervous Avoid eyes, slow to respond.
 Confidence Relaxed, hands/elbows on table.

23. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)

24. Territory
 Our personal space, home or loved one.
 Student/employee nesting habit.
 Tribal/national territory:
 Flags, border control, clothing.
 Family Territory:
 Home, bedroom, garden.
 Personal Territory:
 Personal space (1mtr)

25. Territory

26. Territory

27. Orientation
 How we position ourselves.
 Sit face to face: Shows interest or adversarial.
 Side by side: Discussion, co-operation.
 At right angle: Discussion, problem solving.
 How would you feel if a stranger walked up to you from:
 Front, Behind, Side ???

28. Physical Contact
Good for us:
 Satisfy emotional needs.
 Increases our sense of self worth.
 Communicates love.
Four Types:
 Functional: Handshake with a doctor.
 Ritual: Handshake, slap, high five. (Friends)
 Playful/Supportive: Touch arm, pat on back. (Sympathy)
 Intimate: Kiss, close hug. (Parents or lovers)

29. Non-Verbal Communications (NVC)
•Top.
•Bottom.
•Equal.
•Wet fish

30. Paralanguage
 Communicate with voice.
 Say more than words.
 Convey emotion.
Pitch Volume Emphasis
Speed Rhythm Tone Accent

31. Silence
 Can be uncomfortable for strangers.
 Comfortable in close relationships.
 Used in negotiation.
 Can mean:
 Affection.
 Reverence.
 Attention.
 Hesitation.
 Embarrassment.
 Hostility.
 Disapproval.

32. Environment
 Environment effects how we feel & perceive.
 What are the characteristics of a nice hotel?
 Bright interior Mercedes.
 McDonalds build for speed not comfort.
 Feng shui: arrange furniture to feel good.

33. Time
 Communicates how importance someone is.
 Allocate more time to important people.
 Less important people maybe kept waiting.
 Common in business.

34. Music & Sound
 Alters moods.
 How do you feel listening to:
 Rock.
 Pop.
 RnB.
 Dance.
 Punk.
 Classical.
 Sounds:
 Car horns, whistle, bells, drum, war call, priest chant.

35. Other
 Smell:
 How do you feel when you smell:
 Good food.
 Nice perfume on a man/women.
 Dance:
 Artistic expression.
 Tribal, River dance, Mating, Fun.
 Art:
 Representation/Expression .
 Can stir emotion.
 Painting, Drawing, Sculptur.
 Code:
 Morse, Semaphore, smoke signal, road signs, binary, java.

36. Chapter Review
 Give a brief explanation & example of:
1. Eye contact.
2. Face to face communications.
3. Facial expressions.
4. Gestures.
5. Personal space.
Video

37. Summary
 Appearance Paralanguage
 Facial Expressions Silence
 Eye Contact Environment
 Gesture Time
Music, Sounds
 Posture Smell
 Territory Dance, Art
 Orientation Signs, Codes
 Physical Contact