Morpheme, morphological analysis and morphemic analysissyerencs
Structure of morphological analysis and morphemic analysis. The morpheme refers to either a class of forms or an abstraction from the concrete forms of language. A morpheme is internally indivisible, it cannot be further subdivided or analyzed into smaller meaningful unit. It is also externally transportable; it has positional mobility or free distribution, occurring in various context.
Morphemes are represented which curly brace { } using capital letters for lexemes or descriptive designations for types of morphemes.
Morpheme, morphological analysis and morphemic analysissyerencs
Structure of morphological analysis and morphemic analysis. The morpheme refers to either a class of forms or an abstraction from the concrete forms of language. A morpheme is internally indivisible, it cannot be further subdivided or analyzed into smaller meaningful unit. It is also externally transportable; it has positional mobility or free distribution, occurring in various context.
Morphemes are represented which curly brace { } using capital letters for lexemes or descriptive designations for types of morphemes.
Elliptical structure
Elliptical structure is joining two sentences which have same predicate and object to make it shorter by omitting a part of sentences without change the meaning.
A. Two positive statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Positive sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + too
Positive sentence, and + so + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some of the examples:
• He is busy. I am busy.
= > He is busy, and I am too.
= > He is busy, and so am I.
• You bought a new book. She bought a new book.
= > You bought a new book, and she did too.
= > You bought a new book, and so did she.
• John likes swimming. Maria likes swimming.
= > John likes swimming, and Maria does too.
= > John likes swimming, and so does Maria.
• Budi has written it. I have written it.
= > Budi has written it, and I have too.
= > Budi has written it, and so have I.
B. Two Negative statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Negative sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + not + either.
Negative sentence, and + neither + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some examples:
• I don’t like smoking. He doesn’t like smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, and he doesn’t either.
= > I don’t like smoking, and neither does he.
• He wasn’t ill and I wasn’t ill.
= > He wasn’t ill, and I wasn’t either.
= > He wasn’t ill, and neither was I.
• Ali didn’t ask any question. You didn’t ask any question.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and you didn’t either.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and neither has Budi.
C. The combination of negative statements and positive statements with the same tense is arranged by using the conjunction “but”.
Pattern:
Positive sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary + not.
Negative sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary.
Here are some of the examples:
• Amir can play a guitar. Ali can’t play a guitar.
= > Amir can play a guitar, but Ali can’t.
• Arifah is a student. Fatimah is not a student.
= > Arifah is a student, but Fatimah isn’t.
• I don’t like smoking. He likes smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, but he does.
• She didn’t buy a new car. You bought a new car.
= > She didn’t buy a new car, but you did.
By the end of the lesson you will be able to …
define an adverb clause.
mention the characteristics of an adverb clause.
define an elliptical adverb clause.
mention kinds of an adverb clause.
say different position of an adverb clause.
identify some adverb clauses.
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2. Non-finite verbs
- Non-finite verbs are tenseless because they
can not carry tense.
- The form of non-finite verbs is either:
to+ infinitive
She wants to hold the baby.
bare infinitive
She made him hold the baby .
4. Non- finite clause
Non-finite clauses serve a variety of functions :
1) Post-modifier
non-finite clause can function as post- modifiers
to head nouns
The letter for you to type is on your desk
NP (pre-modifiers)+HEAD (+post-modifiers)
post modifiers Non finite clause (s)
5. S1
NP VP
Det N vgp pp
N S2 Aux v p NP
TENSE Det N
The letter for you to type (pres) is on your desk
6. 2) Adverbial
Whistling cheerfully he (past)typed the letters
A S P dO
s1
s2 NP VP
pro vgp NP
Aux v det N
TENSE
whistling cheerfully he (past) typed the letters
7. 3) Subject
Going to parties (pres) is fun
S P sC
S1
S2 VP
vgp AP
Aux V A
TENSE
Going to parties (pres) is fun
8. 4)Direct object
She (pres) wants to hold the baby
S P dO
S1
NP VP
Pro vgp s2
aux v
TENSE
She (pres) wants to hold the baby
9. You can check that this is the direct object by
substituting a pronoun:
She wants something
to hold the baby
When a non-finite clause function as a subject
or object ,it seems that the main clause is
incomplete s1She wants s2 him hold the baby
10. 5)Complement of Adjective
She (past) made him sorry to go
S P do oC
S1
NP VP
Pro vgp NP AP
Aux V pro A S2
TENSE
she (past) made him sorry to go
