This document discusses non-finite clauses and verbs. It explains that non-finite verbs are tenseless and can be in the form of an infinitive or -ing/en participle. Non-finite clauses can serve several grammatical functions, including as a post-modifier to a noun, as an adverbial, as the subject of a sentence, as the direct object, and as a complement to an adjective. The document provides examples to illustrate each of these uses of non-finite clauses.

1. Non-finite clause
Dr.Shadia Banjar
presented by:
Helah Ali Almohaser
Lane 334

2. Non-finite verbs
- Non-finite verbs are tenseless because they
can not carry tense.
- The form of non-finite verbs is either:
to+ infinitive
She wants to hold the baby.
bare infinitive
She made him hold the baby .

3. -ing participle
She left him holding the baby
-en participle
Bored by the baby , she left

4. Non- finite clause
Non-finite clauses serve a variety of functions :
1) Post-modifier
non-finite clause can function as post- modifiers
to head nouns
The letter for you to type is on your desk
NP (pre-modifiers)+HEAD (+post-modifiers)
post modifiers Non finite clause (s)

5. S1
NP VP
Det N vgp pp
N S2 Aux v p NP
TENSE Det N
The letter for you to type (pres) is on your desk

6. 2) Adverbial
Whistling cheerfully he (past)typed the letters
A S P dO
s1
s2 NP VP
pro vgp NP
Aux v det N
TENSE
whistling cheerfully he (past) typed the letters

7. 3) Subject
Going to parties (pres) is fun
S P sC
S1
S2 VP
vgp AP
Aux V A
TENSE
Going to parties (pres) is fun

8. 4)Direct object
She (pres) wants to hold the baby
S P dO
S1
NP VP
Pro vgp s2
aux v
TENSE
She (pres) wants to hold the baby

9. You can check that this is the direct object by
substituting a pronoun:
She wants something
to hold the baby
When a non-finite clause function as a subject
or object ,it seems that the main clause is
incomplete s1She wants s2 him hold the baby

10. 5)Complement of Adjective
She (past) made him sorry to go
S P do oC
S1
NP VP
Pro vgp NP AP
Aux V pro A S2
TENSE
she (past) made him sorry to go