1.
SHAH SAUD TORU
M. Phil Scholar 2nd Semester
Bacha Khan University Charsadda

2.
 monetary assistance from the state
for people with an inadequate or no
income. “Uk”
 a federal insurance scheme
providing benefits for pensioners
and those who are unemployed or
disabled. “USA”

3.
 a program in which the government
provides money to people who are
unable to work because they are
old, disabled, or unemployed
 the principle or practice or a
program of public provision
 for the economic security and social
welfare of the individual and his or
her family

4.
 Public provision for the economic security
and social welfare of all individuals and their
families, especially in the case of income
losses due to
 unemployment ,work injury, maternity,
sickness, old age, and death.
 The term encompasses not only SOCIAL
INSURANCE but also health and welfare
services and various income maintenance
programs designed to improve the
recipient's welfare through public services.

5.
 social security was not widely established
by law until the 19th and 20th centuries,
 with the first modern program appearing
in Germany in 1883

6.
 . Almost all developed nations now have
social security programs that provide
benefits or services through several
major approaches
 such as social insurance and social
assistance,
 a needs-based program that pays
benefits only to the poor.

7.
 While several of the provisions to which
the concept refers have a long history
(especially in poor relief),
 the notion of ‘social security’ itself is a
fairly recent one.
 The earliest examples of use of the term
date from the 19th century

8.
 . In a speech to mark the independence
of Venezuela, Simón Bolívar (1819)
pronounced that:
 “The most perfect system of government
is that which produces the greatest
amount of happiness, the greatest
amount of social security and greater
amount of political stability”.

9.
 In Jewish tradition, charity (represented
by tzedakah is a matter of religious
obligation rather than benevolence.
 Contemporary charity is regarded as a
continuation of the Biblical Maaser An, or
poor-tithe, as well as Biblical practices, such
as permitting the poor to glean the corners
of a field and harvest during
the Shmita (Sabbatical year).
 Voluntary charity, along
with prayer and repentance, is befriended to
ameliorate the consequences of bad acts.

10.
 According to Robert Henry Nelson,
 "The medieval Roman Catholic Church
operated a far-reaching and comprehensive
welfare system for the poor

11.
 The concepts of welfare and pension were put into
practice in the early Islamic law of the Caliphate as
forms of Zakat (charity),
 one of the Five Pillars of Islam, since the time of
the Rashidun caliph Umar in the 7th century.
 Thetaxes (including Zakat and Jizya) collected in
the treasury of an Islamic government were used to
provide income for the needy, including
 the poor, elderly, orphans,widows, and the disabled.
 According to the Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali (Algazel,
1058–1111), the government was also expected to
store up food supplies in every region in case
a disaster or famine occurred

12.
 In Great Britain the Liberal government
of Henry Campbell-Bannerman and David Lloyd
George introduced the National
Insurance system in 1911,
 a system later expanded by Clement Attlee. The
United States did not have an organized welfare
system until the Great Depression, when
emergency relief measures were introduced
under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 Even then, Roosevelt's New Deal focused
predominantly on a program of providing work
and stimulating the economy through public
spending on projects, rather than on cash
payment.

13.
 In Pakistan,
 Social Security Scheme was launched on
1st March, 1967,
 under West Pakistan Employees'
 Social Security Ordinance No. X of 1965,
 with the assistance of the International
Labour Organization.

14.
 It is an Islamic tax on the wealth of the rich
at the rate of 2.5 percent. It is not applied on
Shia community as they do not accept this as a
genuine Islamic tax. The commercial banks in
Pakistan deduct this tax from the saving bank
accounts once a year.
 According to official distribution of this tax,
twenty five percent Zakat budget is being
divided among institutions against various
schemes like Educational Stipends (General and
Technical), Stipends to students, Health Care
(Provincial and National), Social Welfare,
Leprosy patients etc. and remaining 75% direct
to individuals.

15.
 Formally, Zakat Committees are been
nominated by the governing political
parties to distribute Rupees 400
(approximately 85 Rupees in a Dollar) to
per person per month to the most needy
persons.
 This amount is too little and a lot of
political favoritism is been witnessed
while distributing this meager amount.

16.
 (the national treasury. Everybody in the
Muslim state that pays taxes has the
money go into the bait ul mall (the house
of currency). This money is used to fund
the state, its endeavors and to support the
poor)
 PBM was established as an autonomous
body in 1992 with the objective of
providing assistance to those groups of
people that for certain reasons have been
excluded or are not eligible to receive
Zakat.

17.
 This includes the minorities and certain
sects of Muslims. The PBM disburses to
the poor under a wide variety of
programs that encompass Food Support
Programs, Individual Financial
Assistance, Child support through the
National Centre for Rehabilitation of
Child Labour, and Institutional
Rehabilitation (Grant to NGO's)
 . This institution is normally headed by
a political nominee of the governing
party to make sure that the amount is
spent on their political allies and could
be used as a sort of bribe.

18.
 ( BISP): Funded through the federal
budget in 2008, the BISP is a new
initiative taken by the present
government with the objective to
provide unconditional cash grants to
the poorest families in the country.
 BISP has been initiated with an initial
allocation of Rs.34 billion (US $ 425
million approximately) for the year
2008-09 which is the third largest
allocation in the total budget and is
0.3% of the GDP for the year 2008-09.

19.
 The maximum amount that could be
given to one person is Rupees one
thousand and is been used once
again to the favourite ones.
 In almost all the bi-elections that
have taken place during the last two
years of the present civilian
government, this Benazir Card is
been used particularly in the
constituency where the elections are
taking place.

20.
 Government Servants Pension Fund:
The scheme began in 1954. It is a
compulsory scheme and covers all
government employees after retirement
of at least 25 years of service.
 Pension and provident fund are two
benefits granted to government
employees.
 The old age pension is financed through
government expenditure, while
provident fund is deducted at source
from the monthly salary of employees.

21.
 The scheme was initiated in 1967. Initially, this
scheme specifically covered workers in the
textile industry with the objective of providing
protection against contingencies of sickness,
maternity, work-related injury, invalidity and
death. In1969, the scheme was broadened
with the inclusion of workers from commercial
and other industrial establishments having ten
or more GLOBAL NETWORK 6
 employees; and later in July 1970, it was
reorganized on a provincial basis. The scheme
include a compulsory contribution by the bosses
which is minimal, however, out of a total workforce
of over 49 million, only 2.1 million workers are
enjoying the benefit of this scheme. The bosses are
not ready to pay the due amount to the department.

22.
 The coverage of the food support program
benefited to 1.2 million poorest households
in 2003-04 with monthly income of
maximum Rs. 2000. Cash support of Rs.
2400 is provided to them through biannual
installments.
 Another scheme of Sasti Rooti (cheap
bread) was introduced by the Punjab
government in 2009 subsidizing the flour
mill owners to provide cheap wheat flour
to the tandoors (clay ovens) across Punjab.
Thus, providing an opportunity to their
own class to benefit from the scheme. This
was abandoned within a year during the
devastating floods in 2010.

23.
 A small number of employees of registered
industrial or commercial establishment have
been covered under EOBI scheme.
 The EOBI is funded by an employer
contribution of 5% of wages and a limited
Federal contribution and provides monetary
benefits to its insured persons in their Old
Age, in the event of their becoming
disabled/invalid owing to injuries/diseases.
 Survivor pension is also provided in the
event of the death of an insured person to
the widow/widower for life.

24.
 The major objectives of the Fund is to finance
development projects like establishment of labour
colonies and construction of houses, hospitals and
schools for the industrial workers and finance
education, training, re-skill and apprenticeship for
the welfare of workers, marriage grants and death
grants.
 Employers of industrial establishments in the
private sector under the Workers Welfare Fund
(WWF) Ordinance established in 1971 are required
to pay 2 per cent of their assessable income
exceeding Rs. 0.1 million in any year of accounts to
the Fund.
 The funds have been used by all the successive
civilian and military governments to favour their own
banks and insurances and most of the deals of
buying the bonds from the market resulted in great
losses to this fund.

25.
 Started in the year 2002-03 with annual
allocation of Rs. 1 billion. On successful
completion of training, Rs 5000 are
given as one time grant to each trainee
for purchase of relevant
tools/equipment.
 Punjab Vocational Training Council is
running 65 Vocational Training
Institutes. Governments of Balochistan
and Sindh have shown keen interest in
implementing the Punjab model.

26.
 Known as the Peoples Works Program, includes schemes
which have an immediate impact on the standard of living
of ordinary people in facilities such as roads,
electrification, gas, telephone, education, health, water
supply and sanitation.
 The program provides access to credit with subsidized
interest rates to enable unemployed persons to start a
small business.
 Under the scheme, National Bank of Pakistan is offering
Community Transport, Community Utility Stores,
Community Mobile Utility Stores, and PCO/Tele-Centers,
Commercial Vehicle Financing, Shopkeeper Financing and
Primary Healthcare Equipment to Medical Graduates.
Maximum financing limit ranges from 200,000 to 700,000
for the period of five years.
 There are some micro finance and micro credit programs
for the informal sector. This has been used mainly by the
elected representatives in pleasing their supporters.
Merits was the main causality in this process.

27.
Transfers and Beneficiaries [2007-08]
Disbursement Beneficiaries
Million Rupes Percentage Million
Persons
Percentag
Workers’
Welfare Fund
EOBI
Zakat
Pak Bait-ulMal
Peoples Worker
Program
People Rozgar
Program
Microsoft
7840
4227
4090
5521
1896
2337
13138
20.08
10.82
10.47
14.14
4.86
5.98
33.64
0.17
0.27
2.01
2.13
0.04
0.01
1.15
2.92
4.72
34.67
36.77
0.77
0.22
19.93
Total 39049 100.00 5.79 100.00
Source: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper -II, Government of Pakistan (2009)

28.
 18th amendment, introduced in 2010,
withdrew ―Concurrent List‖, implying
that policies and legislations hitherto
done by the Federal
Government/Legislatures on its 47
entries now stand transferred to the
provinces.

29.
 no 26 on welfare of labour, conditions of labour, provident
fund, employers’ liability, workmen’s compensation, health
insurance including invalidity pensions, old age pension,
 no 27 on trade unions; and industrial and labour disputes
 no 28 on setting up and carrying out of labour (employment)
exchanges, employment information bureaus and training
establishments
 no 30 regulation of labour and safety in mines, factories and
oil fields
 no 31 on unemployment insurance, and
 no 45 on inquiries and statistics for the purpose of any
matters in this list

30.
 Mainstream civil society groups working
on the issue of social security in general
 and worker’s rights in particular are as
following

31.
 Labour Education Foundation (LEF) -
was set up as a non-government
organization in 1993
 to provide informed and intellectual
input to trade unions
 and civil society organizations for
highlighting issues
 and advocating alternatives for
workers.

32.
 Pakistan Institute of Labour
Education and Research (PILER) -
established in 1982,
 is a not for-profit, non-government,
citizen sector organization engaged
in research,
 training and advocacy in the areas of
labour rights and labour legislation,
social justice and human
development,
 and regional solidarity and peace.

33.
 is trade unions based federation of the
working class on national level. Set up in
1998,
 it has brought together over 100 unions on
one platform.
 One of the main tasks of this federation is
to organize campaigns for trade union
rights,
 implementation of minimum wages, wage
increase,
 providing legal support to workers and
establishing new trade unions.

34.
 Pakistan Workers Federation - is working
to establish,
 maintain and develop a powerful and
effective national organization consisting
of free and democratic trade unions.
 Making efforts to co-ordinate, direct and
guide the activities of regional federations,
the affiliated industry-wise unions and
their industrial federations.
 Pakistan Workers Federation in involved in
activities to preserve, secure, maintain and
seek universal recognition for the workers
of Pakistan

35.
 All Pakistan Trade Union Federation
APTUF) - is a national trade union
center in Pakistan.
 It was formed in 1948 and has 240
affiliated unions, including workers in
unorganized sectors such as brick kilns,
oil tankers and carpet workers.
 It is the second largest trade union
federation in Pakistan. All Pakistan
Trade Union Federation is an
Independent and Democratic National
Trade Union Federation which organizes
workers throughout all Pakistan regions

36.
 Home Net Pakistan - is a network of
organizations working for the
recognition and labour rights of home-
based workers. Home Net Pakistan is a
member of Home Net, South Asia,
which consists of Bangladesh, India,
Nepal and Sri Lanka.
 Home Net Pakistan believes that home-
based women workers should not only be
seen as poor women, deserving charity and
some welfare schemes. They should be
recognized as workers.

37.
 Women Workers Help Line (WWHL) -
was established in January 2000 and is
a national- level member-based
organization.
 It is working to resolve working
women problems; ranging from
workplace difficulties to legal issues.
 WWHL launched campaigns, organized
rallies, seminars, workshops and
dialogues to highlight women issues
and create awareness about
constitutional and legal rights of
women

38.
 Trade Union Action Committee for Minimum
Wage - on the initiative of Labour Education
Foundation, Trade Union Action Committee for
Minimum Wage was formed on 9 September
2009 to launch a campaign for the
implementation of the minimum wage
announced by the government.
 Given the situation that unskilled workers
function in very un-favorable environment and
were not getting the announced wages Rupees
7000.
 Despite the announcement of minimum wage,
owners were utterly reluctant to implement
that. Eleven organizations are member of this
Committee and taking actions to improve the
situation in favor of workers.

39.
 Labour Relief Campaign (LRC) - was set up
in October 2005 by several working class
organizations as response to the most
devastating earthquake in the history of
Pakistan. The organizations include LEF,
WWHL, Pakistan For Palestine, Labour
Party Pakistan, Campaign for Cancellation
of Third World Debts, National Trade Union
Federation, Pakistan Kissan Rabita
Committee and Progressive Youth Front.
LRC most recent activity was to collect
funds from national and international labor
movement and to spend it on various areas
affected by the floods in 2010.

40.
 Pakistan Kissan Rabita Committee (PKRC) -
(literal meanings Pakistan Peasant’s
Coordination Committee) the decision to form a
national organization of the peasantry was
taken after the very successful campaign of
farmers for land rights at Military Farms Okara.
It was felt that a campaign in one district or
two cannot be successful in longer terms. The
land rights and food sovereignty campaign has
to spread all over Pakistan through peasants
movements and networking. The PKRC is run
by a general body of 23 peasant, social
organization and movements. It is run by a
secretariat of four persons on volunteer basis

41.
 The Employees Social Security Institution
has been established in Pakistan under
the Provincial Employees Social Security
Ordinance 1965, on recommendation of
International Labor Organization (ILO).
 The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Employees
Social Security Institution came into
being on the break-up of one unit in July
1970.

42.

The main objectives of the Social
Security Scheme is to provide benefits to
certain employees & their dependents
including parents in the event of
Sickness, Maternity, Employment Injury
& Death. The benefits admissible under
the scheme, comprise:
 Medical Care.
 Cash Benefits.

43.
free of cost medical care facilities to secured person
and their dependents through its medical units and
Govt: hospitals.
 hospitalization in its medical units and Govt:
hospitals where necessary.
 free of cost medicines as prescribed by doctors of
the Institution and specialists on panel.
 dental care in employment injury.
 facilities of angiography, angioplasty and
heart surgery in Lady Reading Hospital (LRH)
Peshawar and Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology
(AFIC) Rawalpindi.
 hospitalization in Burn Trauma Centres, Wah Cantt
and Jehlum if necessary.
 Ambulances are available in all medical units round
the clock except Medical Posts.

44.
 The Following cash benefits are admissible under the
ESSI law / rules: -
 Sickness Benefit
Payable equal to 75% of wages in case of ailment upto
121 days in a year in routine cases and equal to
100% of wages upto 365 days to CANCER and TB
patients.
 Maternity Benefit
For female worker equal to her wages for 12 weeks.
Injury Benefit
Equal to employee's wages for 180 days in a year in
case of employment injury.
Death Grant
Equal to the daily rate of sickness benefit multiplied by
thirty on the death of secured worker.

45.
Disablement Gratuity
For disability as a result of an employment injury from 5%
to 20% of physical lose determin by the Medical Board.
Partial Disablement Pension:
For disability as a result of an employment injury from 21%
to 66 % of physical lose determined by the Medical Board.
Total Disablement Pension:
For disability as a result of an employment injury above 66
% of physical lose determined by the Medical Board.
Survivor's Pension.
Family pension for widow of deceased worker who dies as a
result of an employment injury.
Iddat Benefit
To female workers for 130 days on the death of her husband
equal to her monthly wages

46.
 The core government department to implement
and oversee social protection related activities is
Social Welfare Departments in different
provinces and the capacity of its staff, concepts
regarding human rights and gender prospect,
selection process and distribution system always
remain a concern amongst the civil society. The
department lacks systematic planning in terms
of implementing the social protection schemes
and beneficiaries are selected on the basis of
biased and politically determined criteria instead
of merit thus the most deserving citizens remain
outside this preview.