The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
Recent advances in Orthodontic archwiresmohan prasath
1. Recent advances in orthodontic archwires include multistranded wires, titanium alloys like titanium niobium, and nickel titanium alloys with varying properties like bioforce wires.
2. Newer archwire materials aim to deliver gentle controlled forces for improved patient comfort while achieving effective tooth movement.
3. Combination archwires incorporate sections of different materials like titanium and steel to provide flexibility in some areas and rigidity in others for better control of tooth alignment and anchorage.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
Recent advances in Orthodontic archwiresmohan prasath
1. Recent advances in orthodontic archwires include multistranded wires, titanium alloys like titanium niobium, and nickel titanium alloys with varying properties like bioforce wires.
2. Newer archwire materials aim to deliver gentle controlled forces for improved patient comfort while achieving effective tooth movement.
3. Combination archwires incorporate sections of different materials like titanium and steel to provide flexibility in some areas and rigidity in others for better control of tooth alignment and anchorage.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR FUNCTIONAL JAW O...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the evolution of orthodontic brackets from early appliances like Angle's E-arch and pin and tube appliance to modern brackets. Key developments include Begg's modified ribbon arch bracket in the 1930s, Angle's original edgewise bracket in 1925, and twin wire appliances. Modified edgewise brackets were introduced, including Alexander Sved's twin brackets in 1937. Ceramic and plastic brackets were later created for aesthetics. Self-ligating brackets were introduced more recently to reduce friction. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of the history and developments in orthodontic bracket design.
Orthodontic tooth movement during space closure can occur through two types of mechanics: segmental/sectional mechanics which do not involve friction, and sliding mechanics which do involve friction between the bracket and archwire. Friction plays a significant role in sliding mechanics. Several methods are used to apply force during space closure, including elastomeric modules, elastomeric chains, and closed coil springs made of materials like stainless steel and nickel titanium. These methods vary in terms of factors like force degradation over time and sensitivity to environmental factors like temperature. Maintaining an optimal force during retraction is important for controlled tooth movement.
This document discusses various drugs used in orthodontics, including their mechanisms of action and effects. It covers prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are involved in inflammation and tooth movement. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac are described as well as their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties from inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Preferential COX-2 inhibitors and specific drugs like nimesulide and meloxicam are also summarized.
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dr. Percival Raymond Begg developed the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment over many years, beginning in the 1920s. He studied under Dr. Angle and was an early user of the Edgewise appliance. Through his own practice, Begg realized some limitations of Angle's methods and made modifications like removing teeth or stripping tooth width to improve outcomes. This evolved into the Begg technique using light wires and brackets to minimize forces and reduce relapse. The technique gained popularity after visits by American orthodontists to Begg's practice and demonstrations of its effectiveness.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nickel titanium in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Maxillomandibular elastics (or intermaxillary elastics) are commonly used because of their simplicity; however, a lack of understanding of their force system can lead to many serious problems.
Elastics are usually classified by the direction of the force (eg, Class II or Class III elastics).
Sometimes force magnitude is considered, but point of force application is left out. Therefore, many different types of Class II elastics can be applied. There are short or long elastics.
Often too many elastics are used when a single resultant elastic at the correct location would work better. However, sometimes more than a single elastic is needed when the attachment point is not directly accessible.
All maxillomandibular elastics and their actions should be analyzed in three dimensions.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
Dr. ABIRAJ K R discusses the evolution of archwires over the last century. Material science advancements have led to new archwire materials with improved properties beyond stainless steel and gold alloys. Key developments include nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and newer thermally-activated alloys that deliver non-linear force through stress-induced structural changes. Proper understanding of an archwire's material properties is important for effective force delivery in orthodontic treatment.
This document discusses how various drugs can impact orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by introducing orthodontic tooth movement and the key signaling molecules and cellular events involved. It then examines how different classes of drugs act on these processes, including analgesics, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, and others. The document emphasizes that drugs can slow down or accelerate tooth movement depending on their effects on bone and periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Traditional begg philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Shape memory alloys were discovered in 1932 using brass and later gold cadmium, but were not utilized until 1962 when nickel-titanium was discovered by Buehler and coworkers. There are two main types of shape memory alloys: one-way alloys that remember only one shape and two-way alloys that can switch between two shapes. Common shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium and copper-based alloys, with applications in aerospace, medical devices like dentistry tools and tweezers, and mobile telephones.
Nickel titanium alloys such as nitinol and Japanese NiTi wires have properties like shape memory, pseudoelasticity (superelasticity), and thermoelasticity that make them useful for orthodontic applications. Nitinol was the first nickel titanium alloy used in orthodontics starting in the 1970s due to its excellent elasticity and ability to reduce archwire changes compared to stainless steel. Japanese NiTi wires were later developed and have even greater superelastic properties allowing for light continuous tooth movement. Both alloys have advantages over other orthodontic wire materials but also have limitations in bending and welding that require care from clinicians.
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the evolution of orthodontic brackets from early appliances like Angle's E-arch and pin and tube appliance to modern brackets. Key developments include Begg's modified ribbon arch bracket in the 1930s, Angle's original edgewise bracket in 1925, and twin wire appliances. Modified edgewise brackets were introduced, including Alexander Sved's twin brackets in 1937. Ceramic and plastic brackets were later created for aesthetics. Self-ligating brackets were introduced more recently to reduce friction. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of the history and developments in orthodontic bracket design.
Orthodontic tooth movement during space closure can occur through two types of mechanics: segmental/sectional mechanics which do not involve friction, and sliding mechanics which do involve friction between the bracket and archwire. Friction plays a significant role in sliding mechanics. Several methods are used to apply force during space closure, including elastomeric modules, elastomeric chains, and closed coil springs made of materials like stainless steel and nickel titanium. These methods vary in terms of factors like force degradation over time and sensitivity to environmental factors like temperature. Maintaining an optimal force during retraction is important for controlled tooth movement.
This document discusses various drugs used in orthodontics, including their mechanisms of action and effects. It covers prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are involved in inflammation and tooth movement. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac are described as well as their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties from inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Preferential COX-2 inhibitors and specific drugs like nimesulide and meloxicam are also summarized.
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dr. Percival Raymond Begg developed the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment over many years, beginning in the 1920s. He studied under Dr. Angle and was an early user of the Edgewise appliance. Through his own practice, Begg realized some limitations of Angle's methods and made modifications like removing teeth or stripping tooth width to improve outcomes. This evolved into the Begg technique using light wires and brackets to minimize forces and reduce relapse. The technique gained popularity after visits by American orthodontists to Begg's practice and demonstrations of its effectiveness.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nickel titanium in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Maxillomandibular elastics (or intermaxillary elastics) are commonly used because of their simplicity; however, a lack of understanding of their force system can lead to many serious problems.
Elastics are usually classified by the direction of the force (eg, Class II or Class III elastics).
Sometimes force magnitude is considered, but point of force application is left out. Therefore, many different types of Class II elastics can be applied. There are short or long elastics.
Often too many elastics are used when a single resultant elastic at the correct location would work better. However, sometimes more than a single elastic is needed when the attachment point is not directly accessible.
All maxillomandibular elastics and their actions should be analyzed in three dimensions.
This document provides an overview of frictionless mechanics in orthodontics. It discusses various loop and spring configurations that can be used for space closure without tooth movement along the archwire. Advantages include control of tooth movement and known force levels. Disadvantages include more complex mechanics and potential patient discomfort. Factors like loop height and geometry determine the moment-to-force ratio and type of tooth movement achieved. The document defines key terms and principles of biomechanics relevant to frictionless orthodontic tooth movement.
Dr. ABIRAJ K R discusses the evolution of archwires over the last century. Material science advancements have led to new archwire materials with improved properties beyond stainless steel and gold alloys. Key developments include nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and newer thermally-activated alloys that deliver non-linear force through stress-induced structural changes. Proper understanding of an archwire's material properties is important for effective force delivery in orthodontic treatment.
This document discusses how various drugs can impact orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by introducing orthodontic tooth movement and the key signaling molecules and cellular events involved. It then examines how different classes of drugs act on these processes, including analgesics, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, and others. The document emphasizes that drugs can slow down or accelerate tooth movement depending on their effects on bone and periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Traditional begg philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Shape memory alloys were discovered in 1932 using brass and later gold cadmium, but were not utilized until 1962 when nickel-titanium was discovered by Buehler and coworkers. There are two main types of shape memory alloys: one-way alloys that remember only one shape and two-way alloys that can switch between two shapes. Common shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium and copper-based alloys, with applications in aerospace, medical devices like dentistry tools and tweezers, and mobile telephones.
Nickel titanium alloys such as nitinol and Japanese NiTi wires have properties like shape memory, pseudoelasticity (superelasticity), and thermoelasticity that make them useful for orthodontic applications. Nitinol was the first nickel titanium alloy used in orthodontics starting in the 1970s due to its excellent elasticity and ability to reduce archwire changes compared to stainless steel. Japanese NiTi wires were later developed and have even greater superelastic properties allowing for light continuous tooth movement. Both alloys have advantages over other orthodontic wire materials but also have limitations in bending and welding that require care from clinicians.
This document discusses Niti alloy, its phases, and its use in endodontics. It covers the metallurgy of nickel-titanium alloys, their unique properties of shape memory and superelasticity, and the manufacturing process for Niti endodontic instruments. Key phases discussed include austenite, martensite, and R-phase. Niti alloys exhibit shape memory allowing deformation at low temperatures and recovery of original shape at higher temperatures, as well as superelasticity allowing high deformation recoverable without plasticity.
Nickel Titanium Instruments in Endodontics: Part-1Ashok Ayer
This document discusses nickel-titanium instruments used in endodontics. It begins with a brief history of canal instrumentation and then covers topics like the manufacture of instruments, the properties of nickel titanium that make it suitable for endodontic tools, including shape memory and superelasticity. The document provides details on how heat sterilization affects nickel titanium instruments and their failure mechanisms. It also discusses comparative studies that have been done and strategies for improving nickel titanium instruments.
The document discusses shape memory alloys, specifically nitinol. It explains that nitinol is an alloy made of nickel and titanium that remembers its original shape and can return to it after being bent, even when heated to 500 degrees C. The document lists applications of nitinol such as eyeglass frames, medical devices, and robotic joints. It encourages activities where students can research uses of nitinol and design art sculptures that move or change with temperature using the shape memory property.
Shape Memory Alloy is one type of Smart Material.It can Remember its Original Shape.It has 2 way memory,i.e:- it can Remember 2 Shape,one in Low temperature and other in high temperature.
Rotary endodontic instruments are used within root canals and follow rotational motion dynamics. They are replacing conventional hand files to improve canal shaping ability and reduce clinical errors. Nickel-titanium alloys are commonly used due to their ability to flexibly conform to canal curvatures without plastic deformation. Modern rotary instrument systems incorporate torque-controlled motors that can reverse rotation to prevent instrument separation if excessive torque is applied. Continued research aims to further optimize flexibility, strength and cutting ability of these instruments.
CLEANING AND SHAPING USING ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Nickel Titanium Instruments in Endodontics: Part 2Ashok Ayer
The document discusses various endodontic rotary instrument designs, including their components, modifications, and features. It describes K-files, reamers, Hedstrom files, and Gates-Glidden drills. It then covers several modern nickel-titanium rotary instrument systems and their characteristics, such as ProFile, LightSpeed, ProTaper, Hero, K3, FlexMaster, RaCe, and Mtwo. The document emphasizes the importance of instrument design characteristics like tip design, taper, cross-section, helical angles, and pitch in determining their performance and reducing risks of errors during canal preparation.
Nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy was discovered in the 1960s by William Buehler at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. It was found to exhibit shape memory properties when heated after deformation. The key discovery occurred in 1962 when an alloy of equiatomic nickel and titanium showed large recoverable strain. NiTi alloys have since found widespread use in applications that require flexible metal parts, including orthodontic wires. The first NiTi orthodontic alloy was developed in 1972. NiTi exhibits properties of shape memory and superelasticity due to a reversible phase transformation between austenite and martensite phases.
Shape memory alloy as retrofitting application in historical buildings and mo...IAEME Publication
This document discusses shape memory alloys and their potential applications for seismic retrofitting of historical buildings and monuments in India. It begins with an overview of shape memory alloys and their unique superelastic and shape memory properties. It then reviews existing applications of shape memory alloys for seismic retrofitting, including projects retrofitting the Basilica of San Francesco in Italy and a church bell tower in Italy. The document concludes by discussing experimental projects using shape memory alloys, such as reinforcing concrete beams with shape memory alloy rebars and using shape memory alloys to strengthen cracks in a bridge girder.
The document discusses intelligent materials, also known as smart materials. It provides definitions of intelligent materials as materials that can sense external stimuli and respond in a predetermined way before returning to their original state. The document reviews different types of intelligent materials including piezoelectric, pyroelectric, shape memory alloys, electrostrictive, and magnetostrictive materials. It also discusses applications of these materials and the future potential of intelligent materials.
Metallurgy and its proospect BBA DU Financeneha0175120
This document provides an overview of metallurgy and its history. It discusses the extraction and processing of metals through techniques like mineral processing, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and physical metallurgy. The history of metallurgy is traced from early use of gold and copper thousands of years ago to modern developments in steel production and welding. Key events highlighted include the development of bronze and iron working and innovations in the 18th-19th centuries that enabled large-scale steel production.
This ppt file is about the third session of smart material class, which is about the machining difficulties of SMAs. At last, there is a case study with an experimental and simulation investigation.
This document discusses the metallurgy, physical properties, and manufacturing of arch wires used in orthodontics. It begins with an introduction to metallurgy and the history of metals through the ages. Key topics covered include the structure and bonding of metals, properties of orthodontic wires, ideal wire properties, common wire materials like stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium. The document also discusses the manufacturing process for orthodontic wires, including annealing, different heat treatments, and forms of steel like austenite and martensite.
Novel self expanding nitinol carotid stent - dr Krzysztof Milewskipiodof
The document describes a novel self-expanding nitinol stent with a hybrid cell design for treating carotid artery stenosis. Preclinical testing in pigs found the stent caused minimal vessel injury, low inflammation, and was fully covered by endothelium within 28 days. An initial first-in-man clinical trial showed the stent could be safely and easily implanted in patients, with good early procedural and clinical results observed. Further clinical trials are still needed to fully validate the benefits of this hybrid cell stent design.
Warfarin was found to be more effective than aspirin for preventing stroke in elderly atrial fibrillation patients with no increased risk of bleeding. A randomized controlled trial of over 900 elderly AF patients assigned to warfarin or aspirin found warfarin reduced the risk of fatal or disabling stroke by over 50% compared to aspirin, with a number needed to treat of 50. There was no significant difference in major bleeding risks between the two groups. The results provide strong evidence that warfarin is preferable to aspirin for stroke prevention in elderly AF patients despite concerns about increased bleeding risk.
1) The study tested adding clopidogrel to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation who were unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist therapy.
2) It found that adding clopidogrel reduced the risk of major vascular events like stroke or heart attack compared to aspirin alone, with an acceptable increased risk of major bleeding.
3) For every 1,000 patients treated for 3 years with clopidogrel plus aspirin, it would prevent 28 strokes and 6 heart attacks but result in 20 additional major bleeds, 3 of which would be fatal.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A 51-year-old woman with a history of valvular heart surgery in 2001 presented with symptoms of dizziness, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, confusion and irritability. She had been taking warfarin 10 mg daily along with other medications. Examination found bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, and signs of internal bleeding. Laboratory tests showed severe warfarin toxicity with an INR over 10. She was diagnosed with warfarin toxicity and internal bleeding. Management included fluid resuscitation, blood transfusions, and ventilation support. However, she deteriorated and died the next day.
Ni ti wires in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
NiTi alloys have shape memory and superelastic properties that make them useful in orthodontics. They were developed in the 1960s and commercialized in the 1970s. Different NiTi alloy compositions have transition temperatures close to oral temperatures, allowing them to exert light continuous forces during tooth movement. Compared to stainless steel, NiTi wires rotate, level, and align teeth faster and require fewer wire changes. However, NiTi is more difficult than stainless steel to bend into loops for closing extraction spaces.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Nickel titanium alloys /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Nickel titanium alloys /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
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Intelligent archwire 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
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The document discusses different types of archwire alloys used in orthodontics, including their properties and characteristics. It covers stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and several types of nickel-titanium alloys. For nickel-titanium alloys, it describes conventional martensitic stabilized nitinol, thermoelastic nitinol that exhibits shape memory, and pseudoelastic nitinol that uses a stress-induced phase transformation to provide light continuous forces during tooth movement. The ideal properties for archwires include delivering light continuous forces while having qualities like formability, resilience and springback.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses different types of nickel titanium (NiTi) archwires used in orthodontics, including their properties and clinical applications. It describes conventional NiTi, pseudoelastic NiTi, thermoelastic NiTi, and more advanced alloys such as copper NiTi and their characteristics. Various brand names and manufacturers of superelastic and thermoelastic NiTi wires are also mentioned. The document provides details on the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of different NiTi alloys and guidelines for selecting the appropriate alloy for different stages of treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Archwire materials and application of newer materials /certified fixed ortho...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Archwires /orthodontic courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses different types of wrought alloys used in dentistry, including their properties and uses. It covers stainless steel alloys, wrought cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy, and wrought nickel-titanium alloy. Stainless steel alloys are commonly used due to their low cost, formability, and corrosion resistance but have low springback. Nickel-titanium alloys like nitinol have better springback and store more energy, making them suitable for situations requiring low forces over large distances. The document outlines the production and requirements of wrought wires as well as the unique properties and clinical applications of nickel-titanium alloys.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Shape memory alloys are metal alloys that can be deformed at one temperature but return to their original shape when heated or cooled. The most common alloys are nickel-titanium (Nitinol), copper-zinc-aluminum, and copper-aluminum-nickel. Nitinol was discovered in the 1960s and is now used widely in applications such as medical devices, aircraft, and household appliances. Shape memory alloys work through a solid state phase change between martensite and austenite phases - deforming occurs in the martensite phase while heating triggers shape recovery in the austenite phase. They provide advantages like biocompatibility and diverse applications but also
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
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Dear Doctor,
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. SEMINAR ONSEMINAR ON
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYSSHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
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2. Introduction :-
It refers to the ability of the material to remember its
original shape after being plastically deformed while in
martensite form .
In typical application Certain shape is set when the alloy
is maintained at an elevated temperature, above
martensite – austenite transition temperature .
When the alloy is cooled below the transition
temperature it can be plastically deformed but when
heated again and the original shape is restored.
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3. HISTORYHISTORY
• Classification – Orthodontic wires
• Stainless steel , titanium - Beta titanium , Nickel ti , co.
cr – nickel .
• In 1950 – 1st
material used are noble metals & alloys –
Gold , Platinum , Iridium , Silver alloy.
• They lacked flexibility & tensile strength hence they were
replaced by Stainless Steel.
• In 1919 –SS was introduced by “KRUPPS” dental clinic
in Germany by Dr. F.HAUPTMEYER.
• In 1930 – Angle used SS as ligature wire .
• In 1947 – SS was used as orthodontic material .
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4. • In 1960 “ William F. Buehler” – developed nitinol in the
navel ordnance laboratory[Naval surface weapons
center] Ni – nickel, Ti – Titanium, Nol – Naval ordi. Lab. .
• In 1970 – “Andreasen “ – used NiTi wires for
orthodontics it was marketed in a stabilized martenstic
form with no application of phase transition effects .
• 1st
marketed by 3M Unitek corporation Monrovia ,U.S.A.
• In 1980 NiTi wires with active austensitic grain structure .
• Stabilized martenstitic alloy commercially available –
M -NiTi .
• NiTi alloys with super elasticity – A .NiTi ( sentinol)
• In 1990 NiTi wires – NEO SENTALLOY with shape
memory at oral environment – Intro.GAC –International .
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5. In 1994 – ORMCO Corpo intro copper NiTi,wire was
available in 3 varients – Corresponding to austenitic
finish temp for the completion of martensite to austenite
transformation.
27* c – For mouth breathers
35* c – Activated at normal body temp.
40* c – Activation only after consuming hot food &
beverages.
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6. NiTi wiresNiTi wires
• Titanium classi. Under light metals eg. AL , MG,Berllium
• Light metals – frequently used to reduce the weight of
components & structure .
• 1795 – GERMAN chemist “martin klaporth” named
titanium after the 1st
sons of earth titans .
• 1825 – An impure sample of Ti idendified .
• 1937 – Kroll reacted Ticl 4 with molten magnesium
under an atmosphere of argon.
• Basic reaction – Tio2+ 2cl2+ 2c = Ticl4 +2co .
• Briquette + tar+ chlorinate at 800 * c – fractional
distillation of Ticl4.
• Ticl4 +2mg = Ti + 2mgcl2 special atmospheric
conditions needed because alloys react with air.
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7. • Sponge produced by reacting with mg is purified by
leaching with Hcl.
• With Na ,leaching is more efficient and Ti sponge
becomes more granular .
MANUFACTURING METHODS –
• Milling ,Powder metallurgy, injuc. Moulding .
• Advances – “Heroult” – Direct electric arc in furnace
• “Kjellin” – Induction method.
• Recent refinement – Argon decarburization & Widening
of alloying element , Consumable electrode arc furnace.
SOURCE – The mineral (rutile) – Tio2 , convenient source
found in beach sand.
• “ilmenite” –major source.
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8. STRUCTURE & COMPOSITION –
• MARTENSITIC – form stable at low temperature .
• AUSTENITIC – form stable at higher temperature.
• The unit cells can rearrange themselves in a zig zag
pattern with congruent interfaces. Which results in a
reversible E.C. bain structure transformation which is
responsible for “Shape memory “ & “Super elastic”
properties .
• “BAIN DISTORTION” – In S.S the transformation is
diffusionless occuring from any chemical change & if
transition is as the result of specific crystallographic
relation ship between the parent phase & new phase,a
rearrangement of atoms in the unit cells occurs
– Bain distortion.
• Equiatomic phase is stable at higher temperature
austenite & is made of lattice in which units are cubic .
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9. • In each cell the Ni & Ti atoms are evenly distributed &
made up of self accommodating coherent twins.
• TWINNING – Is an angular movement of atoms parallel
& symmetric towards a specific plane .
• The unit cells can rearrange themselves in a zigzag
pattern with congruent interfaces
• Memory effect lasts only as long as the twinning &
detwinning phenomenon can take place .
• SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT – It refers to the ability of
the material to remember its original shape after being
plastically deformed in martensite form .( when the alloy
is cooled below the transition temperature it can be
plastically deformed & when heated again original temp.
is restored .
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10. • SUPER ELASTICITY – Ability to withstand much higher
elastic strain than ordinary alloy before permanent set.
• This property is exploited in orthodontics at body temp.
to provide almost constant forces during long intervals of
deformation.
• COMPOSITION – Ni -55% Ti –45%
• For thermally activated purpose the third metal
commonly used are Cu because they reduce the
hysteresis & brings TTR close to oral temperature &
improves the strength of martensitic form .
• Addition of carbon improves control of arch wire spring
back properties .
• Small amount of impurities disrupt the matrices
( 0,N,&C)
• Copper - < 5% , Chromium O .3%.(cu NiTi)
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11. CLASSIFICATION OF NiTi WIRES –
• In 1992 water’s review classified it into three groups –
Group I- Alloys with TTR bet. The room temp. & body
temp. ( martensitic active alloys)
Group II - TTR below the room temp. (austenitic)
Group III - TTR close to body temp. which by virtue of
shape memory effect spring back to their original shape
when activated by body heat .
Evans & Durning classification –
Phase I – Alloys of gold & stainless steel
Phase II – Original work hardened Nitinol.
Phase III – Predominantly austenitic at room temp. with
TTR below the intraoral temp.
Phase IV – Thermodynamic or active martensitic alloys .
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12. • In this alloys the TTR is set close to the intraoral temp.
They have a great working range at room temp. because
they exist in a mixed or rhobohedral phase at room
temp. so they maintain the permanent deformation .
• Once exposed to higher intra oral temp. the martensite
form will be gradually converted into austenite with a
recovery of ideal preset arch form with an increased
force delivery. Eg .Cu NiTi .
• Phase V – Graded thermodynamic –
• Commercial Nitinol ortho. Wires contains 1.6 % Cobol to
modify the tranisition temp. & mechanical properties
• Shape memory phenomenon of NiTi alloys was investi.
By Andreasen & Barret in 1973 that resisted permanent
deformation .
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13. • Forces developed as a result of contraction of pre
stretched .O2O NiTi wire when heated to room temp.
force ranging from 1.5 to 5 pounds is generated which
aids in space closure .
• Hence NiTi requires fewer arch wire changes & less
chair side time & shortens treatment time required to
accomplish correction of rotation & leveling.
• Andreasen & Morrow in1978 performed bending &
torsion test with new ADA spec. no. 32 on ortho. Wires
to compare NiTi & SS .OI8 round NiTi has stiffness
similar to .O14 SS. Until the deflection reaches 35 to 40 *
• Comparison of rectangular NiTi & Square SS wires were
done ,it was said that permanent set angle of NiTi wires
is 5 – 7 * .NiTi is said to exhibit superior characteristic in
torsion & stored energy in comparison with SS.
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14. • NiTi wires can be used in cl.1 , cl.2 , cl.3 malocclusions
in both extraction & n.ext cases .
• Important benefits for NiTi rectangular wires is it can be
inserted early in the treatment for rotation, leveling ,
tipping & torquing
• Clinicians have been successful in beginning of the
treatment with Rectangular wires .017 X .O25 & .O19
x .O25 which nearly fill the bracket slot , in a few case
entire treatment can be done with just one arch wire .
• It is ideally suited for use with most pretorqed &
preangulated appliance becau.tipping & uprighiting can
be initated in early stages of treatment.
• Use of nitinol with pretorqued and preangulated brackets
require careful monitoring of tooth movement because of
wires high elasticity and more continuous force.
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15. CHINESE NiTi:-
• At mouth temperature this wire is work hardened
martensite and hence does not reply on shape memory
characteristics in clinical application.
• Its very high springback and low stiffness characteristics
have won wide clinical acceptance.
• Chinese NiTi alloy wires was originally developed by
Dr.Hua Cheng Tien and colleagues at research institute
for non-ferrous metal in Beijing china in 1978.
• Chinese NiTi wires posses super elasticity and shape
memory. The possible use of chinese NiTi are many in
that it offers low siffness and high spring back for tooth
alignment.
• High range of action of spring back chinese NiTi is
applicable where large defection for uprighting, labial and
lingual movements is needed.
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16. • super elasticity among various NiTi wires is seen.
• A flag shaped curve is formed when the stress deforms
the alloy wire, inducing the martensite stage of
transformation. In body temperature the alloy is easily
transformed to martensite state in the mouth.The wire
becomes activated thus using the shape memory effect.
• Ex: Chinese NiTi
• Burstone in 1985 – chinese Ni-Ti - Properties.
• The wire has spring back that of 4.4 times that
comparable stainless steel wire and is 1.6 that of NiTi. –
5mm span cantilever test.
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17. • At 80 degrees of activation the average stiffness of
chinese NiTi wire is 73% that stainless steel wire and
36% of NiTi wire.
• A significant design feature for constant force application
is seen.
• The load deformation rate at small activations is
considerably higher than that at large activations.
• Chinese NiTi wire is highly suitable if low stiffness is
required and large deflections are needed.
• Higher stiffness at small activations make it more
effective than wires of traditional alloys.
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18. JAPANESE NICKEL TITANIUM ALLOYS:-
• In 1978 Furu Kawa electric company of Japan produced
Japanese NiTi alloy possessing all there properties
(excellent spring back, shape memory and super
elasticity).
• Honma and takei have reported on martenstic
temperature range changes in relation to the electrical
resistance present in the NiTi alloy. Heat treatment was
made to study the effect of temperature and time on
super elasticity of the japanese NiTi alloy wire.
• Up to 500o
C in the linear portion, elastic deformation
was indicted and the super elasticity level was lowered.
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19. • Individualized force can be preformed in an arch wire of
same diameter without fabrication of any loops.
• It is possible to modify the amount of orthodontic force in
an individualized segment of arch wire. Ex: by applying
controlled heat with adequate temperature and time on
the anterior segment of arch wire, the amount of force
within anterior segment can be increased & posterior
arch wires are not disturbed.
Arch wire charact:
• Japanese NiTi alloy wire exhibit superelastic properties
indicating an area of definite amount of stress in spite of
changes in strain rate.
• Three point bending tests indicate that Nitinol wire
provides a light force and a lesser amount of permanent
deformation.
• They possesses super elastic properties whereby the
load deflection decreases.
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20. • The relationship between the temperature and time of
the heat treatment of the japanese NiTi alloy wire
optimizes the super elastic properties of the alloy. It
delivers a relatively constant force for a long period of
time.
NiTi in cross bite correction:
Progressive first order offsets in the buccal segment of
nitinol wire so that each tooth will be loaded in
approximately equal amounts and then expands and
contracts the two arch wires opposite the direction of
crossbite. It produce a direction of force having a low
load deflection rate that is more desirable that cross
elastics.
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21. Uprighting the impacted canines:-
• Uprighting of impacted canines by the use of couple or
torque in the second order . Torque is accomplished by
inserting an auxillary nitinol wire into the bracket slot of
canine.
• This in turn produces a tipping action above the bracket
and produces an uprighting force on the canine roots.
• Also used as a sectional arch for bringing lingually
displaced canines into position.
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22. Opening the bite:
• For opening the bite either by intruding the maxillary and
mandibular anterior segments or by extruding the
posterior segments.
• For opening a deep bite & for complete anterior maxillary
retraction one can place first order steps in the anterior
segment to produce intruding forces on the anterior
segment and extruding forces on the premolars and
molars.
NiTi in Beggs:
A.J.Wilcock S.S wires are replaced by NiTi wires.
• Alloy of NiTi with its flexibility and resistance to
deformation hence facilitates and simplifies begg
treatment by replacing looped stainles steel arch wires
with plain arch wires and also used where Bite opening
is not critical.
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23. Use of Nitinol Archwire
• Cases with severe crowding 0.16 NiTi arch wires are
used.
• Anchor bends or tipbends more accentuated when SS is
used in compared to NiTi.
• Step up bends distal to the lateral brackets aid in
intruding the four anterior teeth.
• In 25 patients were treated with .016 maxillary and
mandibular NiTi arch wires and SS arch wires-Compar..
• Time taken for tooth alignment in NiTi – 42 days,for SS
is 49 days. NiTi arches showed 25% faster response for
rotation, tipping and leveling when comp.. With SS .
• Bite opening responded better to stainless steel arch
wires than to NiTi arch wires, because relatively low
force level is generated by NiTi than SS arch wires.
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24. • Time for space opening with NiTi – 44 days, SS was 53
days.
Limitations:
• NiTi wires when compared to SS – has resistance to
take a bend.
• Hence the placement of desire in and out bends
becomes difficult – It will rapidly break when bent over a
sharp edge. Closing loops in particular are not practical
for nitinol wire.
• NiTi cannot be soldered or successfully welded to itself
without annealing the wire and because the bending of
tie back hooks entails a high risk of failure, crimpable
hooks and stops a successful alternative.
• Use of auxillary retraction forces will have the effect of
opening the patient’s posterior bite, can be managed by
remove the auxillary force mechanism at the completion
of treatment and going to conventional posterior bite
closing mechanics with SS arch wires.
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25. Neo Sentalloy:
• New super elastic NiTi rectangular wire can be used with
extremely light force in the initial phase of treatment.
• Three point bending and torque tests have shown the
wire to exert light, continuous force regardless of
deflection or wire size.
• Three dimensional tooth control can be effected at the
same time as horizontal and vertical leveling and root
torquing.
• They also provide greater arch wire flexibility and less
patient discomfort than other NiTi wires.
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26. Copper NiTi:
• The NiTi in the alloy has been partially replaced by
copper to produce ternary alloys.
• Copper NiTi at the room temperature is in martensitic
phase, it is possible to introduce relatively sharp bends
on the wire. The original archform will be regained simply
be heating the wire at a temperature above austenitic
phase (i.e) has TTR of 40 degrees.
• Forces exerted on the dento alveolar structure are
remarkably low therefore the alloy is recommended for
the treatment of patients with periodontal problems.
• Disadvantage is the low stiffness of this wire of not
allowing for complete dental alignment or full control of
transverse dimensions.
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27. Nickel Hypersensitivity :
• Nickel is one of the most common causes of allergic
contact dermatitis.
• Nickel is a strong biological sensitizer and consquently
may induce a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (type IV
immune response). It is estimated that 4.5 % of the
population have a hyper senstitivity to nickel with a higher
prevalence in females.
• This delayed allergic reaction can be verified by “Epi
cutaneous test”, this is performed by taping to skin the
suspected substance ,dissloved in an adequate medium
like water, alcohol. After a period of time – 48 hours
erthmatous reactions are evaluated according to a scale
ranking.
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28. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS:
• NiTi wires with epoxy and nitride coatings have been
recently marketed.
• Nitride coatings were originally added to orthodontics
wires to aid in surface hardending, epoxy electro coating
provides improved esthetics.
• Coated wires may be an important addition to the
orthodontic armamentarium if corrosion can be inhibited
and nickel release into the oral cavity can be prevented.
• Epoxy coated NiTi exhibited low corrosive potential as
compared to the regular NiTi.
• NiTi – arch wires with ion-implanted surfaces to obtain
reduced bracket friction have been introduced.
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29. Conclusion:
• Findings indicate that nitinol wires do facilitate and
simplify Begg mechanotherapy, because unraveling and
leveling for attaining good tooth alignment occurs faster
than stainless steel looped arches & treatment time
diminished.
• They provide a good spring back effect and flexibility,
which allows for large elastic deflections, with low forces.
• Patient response is good and less discomfort is reported.
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30. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contemporary orthodontics – Profit
Orthodontics – Graber
Clinical Handling of Dental materials
Orthodontic Materials – William. A . Brantley
A.J.O – 1990 sep,1995 jul,1998 aug.
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