The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Muscle physiology in orthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ajw final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Muscle physiology in orthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ajw final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Archwires /orthodontic courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in dentistry for the production of dental instruments, e.g. scalpel blades and forceps, orthodontic wires, denture bases and partial denture clasps, endodontic posts and as stainless steel crowns for the treatment of severely decayed primary molars.
Stainless steel and it’s application in orthodontics /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic wires /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Stainless steel by ihsan1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to A J Wilcock arch wires in orthodontics (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. History of Orthodontic
Wires• Until 1930-orthodontic wires were made of
GOLD
• 1930-advent of stainless steel & refinement in
drawing process to form wires with improved
properties, GOLD lost its ground. Stainless
steel was perfected for the orthodontic use by
Bresrley and Sheffield of U.S
• By 1950- almost 300 different series of S/S
alloys were used in the field of orthodontics.
• Chromium 17-25%
• Nickel 8-25% with a balance being iron
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4. Introduction
• An ideal archwire is one which move
teeth with a light continuous force.
• These forces should not decay rapidly
because material loses its elasticity, as
a small amount of tooth movement
causes a large change in the force
levels. Hence mechanotherapy
depends on elastic behavior of the
material and biochemical reaction of
the teeth.
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5. Properties of ideal archwire
STRENGTH
SPRINGY
RESELIENT
WELDABLE
ESTHETIC
POOR BIOHOST
GOOD RANGE
SPRING BACK
LOW FRICTION
FORMABLE
TOUGH
BIOCOMPATABILE
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6. Manufacturing of stainless steelManufacturing of stainless steel
orthodontic wiresorthodontic wires
• These alloys are usually standardized
and formulated based on AISI
specifications.
MELTING
INGOT FORMATION
ROLLING
DRAWING
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7. The selection and melting of the
components of alloys influence the
physical properties of wire
MELTING
type
Composition (as per AISI)
Cr Ni C Mn Si P S
302 17-19% 8-
10
0.15 2 1 0.045 0.03
304 18-20% 8-
12
0.08 2 1 0.045 0.03
416 12-14% - 0.15 1.25 1 0.06 0.15www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. • Pouring of the molten metal in to the
mold
• A non uniform chunk of metal is
produced
• Ingot- Granular structure, consist of
crystals of component metals called as
GRAINS.
• The mechanical properties of the ingot
is controlled by its granular structure.
• When the ingot is cooled, grains forms
at once.
• These growing crystals are surrounded
each another.
• INGOT – colony of irregularly shaped
grains of different materials.
INGOT FORMATION
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9. • The rate of cooling and size of
ingot decide the size and
distribution of the grains.
• The pouring and cooling process
affect porosity.
• Porosity can be due to
– Gases dissolved in molten mass.
– Byproduct of molten mass
– When ingot cools the inner mass
hardens later, inside the outside
hardened shell, which results in
additional vacuum voids.
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10. First mechanical step in process.
Ingot is rolled in series of rollers to
reduce its diameter.
The individual grains retain their
identity through rolling process, unless
some heat treatments are carried out.
Now the wire is actually an “distorted
ingot”.
The squeezing and rolling of ingot
alters the shape and arrangement of
the crystals.
ROLLING
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11. • Rolling will cause the elongation of
crystals into an finger like process,
closely meshed with each other.
• Hardness/ brittleness increases as the
grain positions and arrangements are
altered.
• The metal is annealed by heating into
high temperature, which relives the
internal stress formed by rolling.
• On cooling ,it resembles an original
casting.
• The grain size depends on the time
and temperature of annealing and the
rate of cooling.
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12. • Ingot is reduced in to final size.
• The wire is pulled through a
small hole in a die.
• To relive work hardening, the
wire is drawn through and
annealed ,several times. This
will increase the strength and
make the wire resistant to
breakage.
DRAWING
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13. Cr2O3
Properties of stainless steel
• When 12-30% chromium is added to steel---
-----STAINLESS STEEL.
• Yield strength at room temperature-
211-1760Mpa
• PASSIVATION- property of SS to resist tarnish
and corrosion.
Stainless steel
O2
O2 O2 O2 O2
Cr Cr
Cr Cr
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14. CORROSION RESISTANCE OF S/S
• SENSITIZATION
On cold working of SS, carbide
precipitates along the slip planes. As a
result areas deficient in carbon will be
less and carbide is uniformly
distributed. they precipitate only in
grain boundaries. This increases
corrosion resistance
• STABILIZATION
Titanium ,when added 6 times to
carbon, inhibits formation of chromium
carbide.
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15. Types of stainless steel
FERRITIC
AUSTENITIC
ROOM TEMP
912C
1394C
BCC
LOW CARBON SOLUBILITY-0.02wt%
FCC
CARBON SOLUBILITY- 2.1wt%
WHEN COOLED SLOWLY
EXCESS CARBON WHICH IS NOT
SOLUBLE FORMS IRON CARBIDE
WHEN COOLED SUDDENLY
SPONTANEOUS DIFFUSIONLESS
TRANSFORMATIOM INTO BCT-
HARD STRONG & BRITTLE
BCTMARTENSITIC
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16. • Cr-11.5-27% Ni-0% C-0.2%
• AISI 400 series.
• Good corrosion resistance .
• Low cost.
• Low strength.
• Not hardenable by heat treatment.
• Not readily work hardenable.
• Little application in dentistry.
FERRITIC-BCC
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17. • Cr-11.5-17% Ni-0-2.5% C-0.15-1.2%
• Can be heat treated
• High strength, high hardness, Brittle.
• Yield strength-492Mpa(annealed)-
1898Mpa(hardened)
230-600BHN
• Less corrosion resistance.
• Reduced ductility.
MARTENSITIC-BCT
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18. • Cr-16-26% Ni-7-22% C-0.25%
• AISI 302 is basic type 18:8:0.05
• AISI 304 18:8:0.08
• AISI 316L- implants 18:8:0.03
• Commonly used by ORTHODONTIST
AUSTENITIC-FCC
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19. ADVANTAGES
Greater ductility and ability to undergo
cold working without fracture.
Substantial strengthening during cold
working.
Ease of welding
Ability to readily overcome sensitization
Less critical grain growth.
Ease of forming.
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20. Stress relief in SS
• It is a level of heat treatment at which the internal
stresses are relived by minute slippages &
rearrangement in the inter-granular relations with
out loss of hardening that accompanies the higher
temp process of annealing.
– Work hardening.
– Cold working.
– Annealing.
– Recovery.
– Recrystalization.
– Grain growth.
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21. • Stainless steel archwires manufactured by
A. J. WILCOCK SCIENTIFIC &
ENGINEERING.LTD of Victoria, Australia,
founded in 1946 by
Late Arthur J. Wilcock, who had previously
been employed at the Melbourne
University Metallurgy School
• The A J Wilcock archwire has been the
backbone of Begg treatment ever since Dr
BEGG started his technique.
• The manufactures are continuously trying to
improve the mechanical properties of these
wires.
• High tensile wires are available today.
• Till recently, no other wire was found to be
capable of duplicating their properties.
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22. Properties of A J WILCOCK
wires.
• Round Austenitic S/S wire which is
heat treated and cold drawn to its
proper diameter from round wires of
larger dimension.
• High tensile strength.
• Greater stiffness (load – deflection
rate) than same size wire made of
other materials like NiTi and TMA.
• High resiliency.
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23. • Toughness.
• 0.008”-0.022”
• Coiled and straight.
• Regular grade to supreme grade
(color coded)
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25. Regular grade
• Lowest grade
• Easier to bend
• Used for practice bending and
auxiliaries.
• Can be used when archform
distortion is not a problem or
bite opening is not required.
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26. Regular plus
• Relatively easy to form.
• More resilient than regular.
• Used for making auxiliaries.
• Used for making an archform
when more pressure and
resistance to deformation are
desired.
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27. Special grade
• Highly resilient
• Can be formed to intricate
shapes with little danger of
breaking.
• Used as starting arches mostly
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28. Special plus
• Hardness and resiliency of
0.016” size is excellent for
maintaining anchorage and for
reducing overbites.
• Chances of fracture is more.
• Should be bent with caution.
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29. Extra special plus
• Unequalled in resiliency and
hardness.
• More difficult to bend.
• More prone to fracture.
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32. Mechanical process of
straightening resistant materials
usually in the cold drawn condition.
the wire is pulled through high
speed, rotating bronze rollers that
torsionally twist into straight
condition.
The resultant deformation and
decreased yield stress value
makes it strain softened.
SPINNER STRAIGHTENING
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33. • The wire is pulsed in special
machines the permit high tensile
wires to be straightened.
• The advantages
–It permits highest tensile wire to
be straightened.
–Tensile yield stress is not
altered.
–Smoother surface of wire hence
less friction.
PULSE STRAIGHTENING
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34. –Greater flexibility of springs
fabricated.
–Greater resiliency
–Permits the usage of smaller
diameter wire resulting in a light
continuous force with minimal
relaxation.
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36. • Pulse Straightened wires have a
smooth low friction surface with
the same resilient properties as
the coiled product, giving the
added benefit of saving time to
straighten the arch, posterior
segments and hence, provide
ease of use. Available in
» Special Plus
» Premium
» Premium Plus
» Supreme.
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37. • The increase in the yield strength of
the Australian wire is achieved by
– Careful selection of materials with
appropriate composition and properties
– Cold working.
80
120
200
STAINLESS STEEL
SUPREME WIRE
STRESS
STRAIN
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38. High yield strength influences
• Working range
• Resiliency
• Zero-stress relaxation
• Formability
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39. • Working range (max flexibility,
spring back, elastic strain)
Working range= Yield strength
Modulus of elasticity
Higher grade wire can be
deflected over a greater
distance without permanent
deformation. They have better
spring back than lower grade
wires.
Working range
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40. Resiliency
• MODULUS OF ELASTICITY α 1/2 YIELD STRENGTH2.
ELASTIC MODULUS
• Same material with same modulus of
elasticity and higher yield strength
results in higher resiliency.
• High grade wires absorbs or store
more energy per unit area before it
get deformed.
• Higher resilient wire can work more
to move the teeth.
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41. Zero-stress relaxation
• This is a form of slip by dislocation
movement takes place at atomic level,
which is resisted by high yield
strength.
• Ability of the wire to deliver constant
force when subjected to external load,
over a long period.
• Newer wires maintain their
configuration over a long periods
against deforming forces and forces
generated by the wires also remain
practically unaffected over a long
period
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43. • For the same material, greater the
resiliency, greater the formability.
• GREATER RESILIENT wires are
more brittle than low grade wires.
• So special care should be taken
while bending these wires
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44. • The properties of A J Wilcock wires are
affected by the way, how it is
straightened.
• If the wires are straightened by reverse
straining, the yield point of the wires
reduces.
(the way we straighten the wire manually)
• In conventional manufacturing wire is
straightened using rollers and spinners.
This process is called as work
softening due to reverse straining or
Bauschinger effect.
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45. Working range V/s resiliency
TMA SMALLER DIAMETER
SUPREME WIRE
TMA
SUPREME
S
T
R
E
S
S
STRAIN
MORE RESILIENT
LESS ABILITY TO
CORRECT ROTATIONS
NiTi wires have a greater range than supreme and TMA
wire
But formability is poor
Supreme wires are more ecconomical than TMA and
NiTi wires.
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46. Clinical tips and facts
• The higher grade wires especially
pulse straightened are excellent for
applying constant force for a longer
time without undergoing softening.
• For a careless patient and patients
with occlusal interference, chance of
wire fracture is more. So low grade
wire is preferred.
• The wire used for making arches is
selected according to the load
deflection, we required.
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47. HIGH LOAD
DEFLECTION REQUIRED
LOW LOAD
DEFLECTION REQUIRED
IN STAGE 1
0.016” / 0.018 PREMIUM
OR PREMIUM PLUS
THIRD STAGE
TO MAINTAIN ARCH FORM
0.018” P AND P+ OR 0.020P
TO AVOID UNDESERIABLE EFFECT
OF TORQUING AUXILLARY
0.020” P IS INDICATED
For smaller forces for alignment
0.014” PREMIUM
0.014” SPECIAL PLUS
OR
Sectionals of 0.012” PREMIUM PLUS
OR
smaller supreme wire
according to malalignment
during root torque and uprighting
0.012” P+ OR SMALLER SUPREME
To attain high resiliency
and spring back
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48. Wires used in different stages of begg
treatment
0.016”-Space present / space to be
created.
Average to deep bite cases-0.018 P+/P
because it provides intrusive force on upper
anteriors, resist lingual rolling of lower
molars.
Anterior open bite cases
upper arch- 0.014P/P+
lower arch- 0.016P/P+
STAGE 1
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49. Rotational control
MINIMUM
MODERATE
SEVERE
0.016” ss with V bends or offset bends
0.014” ss with V bend produces lesser forces
Next visit- 0.016 ss
0.016/0.014” Niti with 0.014 SS base wire
which is not engaged to
malpositioned tooth.
After correction NiTi is ommited
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50. • A J Wilcock wires, due to its greater
stiffness is beneficial for the
objectives like bite opening and
maintenance of archform,it is
undesirable for the objective of
alignment of crowded teeth.
• This necessities the use of multi-
looped arch form or sectional small
diameter SS wire during alignment.
• Another way is to use NiTi or TMA
wire in conjunction with Australian
wires.
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51. STAGE II
0.018 P/P+
0.020 P
If stage 1 corrections involved extreme deep bite
Distorted arch forms,
Severe rotations
They resist distobuccal rotational tendency
of molars on the effect of class 1 elastics
The degree of anchor bend should be reduced
when using 0.020” than when using 0.018”
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52. Usually completed within 1 month.
0.016”
If discrepancy between premolar and
molar positions are excessive it may
require 2 months to reach 0.020” wire.
PRESTAGE III
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53. Base wire used is of 0.020 premium grade
Three times stiffer than 0.020” special
plus which used earlier (conventional).
This will resist the vertical and horizontal
reactions of auxiliaries and springs.
STAGE III
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54. MAA
• Manufactured by Mollenhauer’s
request-1984
• REQUIREMENTS
• Light root moving force
• Resist deformation
• Base arch wire should resist vertical &
transverse reactions of MAA- 0.018
premium plus
0.009 supreme
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55. Jenner auxiliary
-0.012 supreme
Lingual root torquing auxiliary
–0.012 P+ (refined begg)
–0.014/0.016 special plus – conventional
begg
Spec auxiliary
– 0.009/0.010P+
–In stage III, if needed- 0.012P+
Reverse torquing auxiliary
0.012P+ on a 0.018/0.020 base wire
Uprighting spring
0.014P+
0.019 supreme- Mollenhauers Mini
uprighting spring
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56. BENDING OF WIRE
• Warm the wire by pulling
through the fingers, because
this wire have a brittle
transition period slightly above
the room temperature.
• Wilcock pointed out that this
wire is more likely to break
when using round beak of the
pliers.
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57. FRACTURE
More strain on the
crystalline structures
of the wire
The point of stress on the
wire are directly opposite
to each other
Greater force on
one particular area
TOO MUCH PRESSURE
Damage to
crystalline structures
Fracture of wire
Round beak of pliers
When using a square beak,
it produces an moment arm
between the thumb and beak,
reducing stress.
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58. Crack propagation theory
“There exist an relation between applied stress
and internal stress at the head of dislocation
pile ups seen in high and sharp yield point
materials”
POINT DEFECT AT HEAD OF DISLOCATION HEAD
MINUTE CRACK
TRANS GRANULAR CRACK PROPAGATION
HIGH STRESS CONCFORCE
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59. CARBIDE PRECIPITAES
GRAINS ARE SPLITTED AND ENERGY IS RELEASED
CRACK CONTINUES
BLUNTING OF CRACK HEAD BY PLASTIC DEFORMATION
CRACK PROPAGATION STOPS
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60. AJO 1984 Nov Force relaxation in orthodontic arch wires -
Hazel, et al
Measurements of the force relaxation
have been made in stainless steel,
Elgiloy, and nitinol wires at 21° C and 37°
C. All the wires were found to relax at 21°
except NiTi. The rates of relaxation were
found to vary widely; stainless steel wires
produced by A J Wilcock relaxed
significantly less than Elgiloy wires.
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61. AJO 1984 Nov Force relaxation in orthodontic arch wires -
Hazel, et al
0.016 round wires
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62. The Wilcock wires were found to relax less than the other
round wires tested,
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63. A J WILCOCK
Alpha Titanium wires
Ti - 90%
Al- 6%
Va-4%
• Ni – 0% so can be used in Ni sensitive
patient
• These wires have a molecular
structure that resembles closely
packed hexagonal lattice (TMA- BCC
lattice). so easy deformation is not
possible.
• Absorbs Hydrogen and forms Titanium
Hydride. With passage of time alloy
becomes stiffer.www.indiandentalacademy.com
64. For over fifty years, "Australian
Wire" has been a household name in
orthodontics. The extra ordinary
properties of these wires are due to
the research and fine engineering
skills employed in the processing of
the wires. Wilcock wires are well
known for their resilience and ability
to withstand masticatory forces as
well as being able to maintain their
shape even when auxiliaries and
elastics are used. There is no other
wire which opens the bite as
effectively as Wilcock wire.www.indiandentalacademy.com