Introduction
CERAMICS : An inorganic compound with non-metallic prosthesis typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements that is formulated to produce the whole part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis. – GPT 7.
The word Ceramic is derived from the Greek word “keramos”, which literally means ‘burnt stuff’, but which has come to mean more specifically a material produced by burning or firing.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Introduction
CERAMICS : An inorganic compound with non-metallic prosthesis typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements that is formulated to produce the whole part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis. – GPT 7.
The word Ceramic is derived from the Greek word “keramos”, which literally means ‘burnt stuff’, but which has come to mean more specifically a material produced by burning or firing.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A comprehensive slideshow covering all the basics relating to dental materials and their physical properties. Based on standard text books - Phillips Science of Dental Materials (11th Edition).
Metals in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
orthodontic wires
nickel titanium wires
types of wires
properties of nitinol wires
Types of nitinol wires
1- Nitinol martensitic stable:
Good spring back
Does not possess super elastic properties or shape memory
Higher friction than stst
Low stiffness: cannot be welded or soldered
2- Nitinol, thermos-elastic: active martensitic: sent-alloy: M niti
1st titanium alloy introduced in orthodontics in late 1970
Wire has poor formability so it did not allow any loops or bends to be made in wires and restricting its use for Preadjusted bracket in which all built in the bracket
Characteristics:
1- Thermal activation can be set at different temperature
2- Thermal activated shape memory
3- Higher range of action
4- Higher strength = constant unloading forces
5- Higher resiliency
6- Higher range of deflection
Clinically:
= M niti wire exert light continuous forces that is ideal for the 1st stage of orthodontic treatment
= large size rectangular wire can be used from the early stages of treatment with advantage of early torque control
= temperature of oral cavity will increase the force exerted by the wire gradually SO: low temperature------- low force --------- low patient discomfort
= when refrigerated it become soft and full engagement is possible. In mouth temperature become active and exert force
Contraindication:
- To give final arch shape
- For retraction because it is bended and thus causing dumping of the teeth
Uses:
1- Initial alignment
2- Levelling of curve of spee
3- Root paralleling at extraction site: during space closure, some cases have tipping of the teeth adjacent to extraction sites so, we use rectangular niti wire to correct it:
As: 0.017 X 0.025 niti – in slot 18
Or: 0.021 X 0.025 niti --- in slot 22
4- Torque of incisors: with pretorqued appliance M niti is used in torque incisors as: 0.021X0.025 in slot 22
3- Austenitic nickel titanium alloys wires: Super elastic A niti
= Produced in late 1980 with active austenitic grain structure
Super elasticity due to phase transformation from body centered cubic austenitic form to hexagonal closed packed martensitic form of niti when stress reaches a certain level during activation
= Greater force and greater stiff
= Can return to original shape after distortion
Uses:
1- Initial alignment: the load deflection of A niti make wire best available for initial alignment stage
2- Coil springs: for distalization, open spaces, canine retraction.
N: B:
1- Martensitic stabilized alloys:
= does not possess shape memory or super-elasticity, because the cold working of wire create a stable structure
= non super elastic wire such as nitinol
2- Martensitic active alloys:
= employ thermos-elastic effect to achieve shape memory
= oral environment raises temperature and transformation back to austenitic structure and change to starting shape such as: copper niti, neo sentalloy
3- Austenitic active alloys:
= undergo stress- induced martensitic SIM transformation when activated
= display super-el
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Nickel titanium alloys /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontics wires /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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4. • Wrought alloys are prepared by altering
the casting alloy mechanically into a
prefabricated shape.
• Wrought alloys have a fibrous grain
structure compared with crystalline
structure of casting alloys.
10. Requirements of wrought wires usedRequirements of wrought wires used
in dentistryin dentistry
1. Springiness (flexibility); It is the ability of
the wire to undergo large deflection
without permanent deformation.
• Spring back potential =
yield strength/Elastic modulus
• Spring back should be high which results in
an increase in its range of action.
• Spring back is the measure of how far a
wire can be deflected without causing
permanent deformation.
11. Requirements of wrought wires usedRequirements of wrought wires used
in dentistryin dentistry
2. Stiffness;
certain stiffness is required to apply a
suitable force for tooth movement
during orthodontic treatment.
• Clinically, it represents the
magnitude of the force required to
deflect or bend a wire.
3. Least friction at bracket – wire
interface. Otherwise it limits the
tooth movement
12. Requirements of wrought wires usedRequirements of wrought wires used
in dentistryin dentistry
4. Formability (ductility);It is the ability to
be bent without fracture.
5. Corrosion resistance.
6. Ability to be joined by soldering or
welding.
7. Resilience is a property of arch wires
whereby they store energy when
deformed elastically, and release energy
when unloaded.
It represents the stored energy available in
the wire to move teeth during
deactivation.
13. Types of wrought alloys used inTypes of wrought alloys used in
dentistrydentistry
15. Mechanism of passivationMechanism of passivation
• The chromium exposed at the surface
of the alloy is readily oxidized to form a
tenacious layer of chromium oxide,
•Resists further attack from
aqueous media
•Prevents corrosion
16. Properties of St-St wiresProperties of St-St wires
• 1. Lower spring-back action and also
store less energy compared to those of
beta-titanium or nickel titanium.
• 2. High stiffness ( modulus of elasticity
180 Mpa). So, they produce high
force applied on tooth during shorter
time periods.
3. High ductility.
4. Good corrosion resistance.
17. Properties of St-St wiresProperties of St-St wires
5. Greater ease of welding and
soldering
6. Low resilience
7. Lowest cost
8. Low friction(advantage) with brackets.
20. Sensitization of 18-8 st.stSensitization of 18-8 st.st
Definition
•Loss of corrosion resistance if st.st
is heated between 400-900o
C
21. Mechanism and effectMechanism and effect
• Carbon reacts with Cr which precipitates
chromium carbide at the grain
boundaries this occurs very rapidly at
650 o
C and leads to:
a.Brittleness of the alloy
b.Reduction of corrosion
22. Methods of preventing sensitizationMethods of preventing sensitization
a. Avoid heating too high
b. Carbon content in the alloy
c. Severe cold working of the alloy
distribute the carbides evenly
decrease the areas of chromium
deficiency
23. d.d. Stabilization of stainless steel;Stabilization of stainless steel;
• Addition of a stabilizing element as
titanium, niobium or tantalum
• This forms titanium carbide instead
of chromium carbide such that
chromium remains in its place
““stabilized austenitic stainless steel”stabilized austenitic stainless steel”
24. 3. Wrought Nickel- titanium alloyWrought Nickel- titanium alloy
The most commonly used one is; nitinolnitinol
Ni ti n o lNi ti n o l
55% Ni 45% Ti
Naval Ordnance Laboratory
25. Characters of NiTi wiresCharacters of NiTi wires
1. Good spring back action and
flexibility
2. Low stiffness low
force
3. Excellent corrosion resistance
4. Larger stored energy than st-st, so
fewer activation or changes are
required
26. 5. Nitinol is characterized by phasephase
transformationtransformation by changing the
temperaturetemperature
or the stresses;or the stresses;
• At high temperature and low stress
austenitic (BCC, ordered)
• At low temperature and high stress
martensitic ( HCP, disordered)
This transformation is associated withThis transformation is associated with
volumetric changes.volumetric changes.
27.
28.
29.
30. Schematic presentation of lattice structure changes caused by
outer stress in stainless steel or superelastic NiTi alloy
31. According to transformation, Ni-Ti wire has 2According to transformation, Ni-Ti wire has 2
unique propertiesunique properties
1. Shape memory
Definition: It describes the effect of
restoring the original shape of a
plastically deformed sample by heating it.
• This phenomenon results from a
crystalline phase change known as
"thermoelastic martensitic
transformation".
• At temperatures below the
transformation temperature, shape
memory alloys are martensitic.
32. • In this condition. their microstructure is
characterized by "self-accommodating
twins“.
• The manensite is soft and can be
deformed quite easily by de-twinning.
• Heating above the transformation
temperature recovers the original shape
and converts the material to its high
strength austenitic condition.
33. • Shape memory is achieved by first
establishing a shape at temperatures
near 482° C .
• If the appliance wire is then cooled and
formed into a second shape and heated
through a lower transition temperature
range (TTR), the wire will return to its
original shape.
• The cobalt content is used to control
the transition temperature range, which
can be near mouth temperature.
34.
35. m
pe
Clinical significance
In orthodontic treatment, the wire is
shaped at high temperature into a
ready made arch shape.
After adaptation by clinician into
brackets bonded to the mal-posed
teeth, the wire returns to its original
form which promotes tooth
movement.
C
In
de
lo
to
w
In
pe
av
in
st
36. 2. Superelasticity (pseudoelastic nitinol)
• It is a stress induced crystalgraphic
transformation from austinitic to
martensitic.
• Within the upper super elastic plateau
region, the markedly increased strain
for a small increase in bending stress
facilitates adaptation of the instrument
along a sharply curved root canal,
thereby minimizing the risk for root
perforations.
38. minimizing the risk for root
perforation.
s
a
o
d
al
h
Clinical significance
In orthodontic treatment, it is
desirable clinically because very
low and nearly constant forces or
tooth movement are provided by
wire during deactivation.
In endodontic treatment,
perforation of curved canals is
avoided due to the
increased stress decrease
stiffness.
39.
40. Uses of NitinolUses of Nitinol
1. Good for orthodontic wires when low
force and large working range are
needed.
2. Good for endodontic files in curved
root canalto avoid perforation.
41. Disadvantages of NitinolDisadvantages of Nitinol
1. Limited formability
2. Higher friction than st-st and lower
than ß Titanium
3. Difficulty in soldering
4. Expensive
5. Ni has got some hazardous and
allergic effect