The document discusses NIST Special Publication 800-30, which provides guidance on conducting risk assessments. It describes the key steps in the risk management process, including framing risk, assessing risk, responding to risk, and monitoring risk. The risk assessment process involves identifying threats, vulnerabilities, potential impacts, and likelihoods to determine risks. NIST SP 800-30 focuses specifically on the risk assessment component and provides a methodology for conducting risk assessments.
Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework: 800-37 Rev. 2Denise Tawwab
Denise Tawwab's presentation on "Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework" given at the Techno Security & Digital Forensics Conference on June 3, 2019 in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Introduction to NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF)Donald E. Hester
This introductory session will cover the basic steps of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and the transition away from the previous Certification and Accreditation approach to information systems security and assurance. This will also cover the benefits of the RMF for organizations, local, state, and federal governments.
Navigating the complex Risk Management Framework (RMF) requirements can be daunting. Learn best practices and gain a better understanding of NIST's RMF.
Introduction to Risk Management via the NIST Cyber Security FrameworkPECB
The cyber security profession has successfully established explicit guidance for practitioners to implement effective cyber security programs via the NIST Cyber Security Framework (CSF). The CSF provides both a roadmap and a measuring stick for effective cyber security. Application of the CSF within cyber is nothing new, but the resurgence of Enterprise Security Risk Management and Security Convergence highlight opportunities for expanded application for cyber, physical, and personnel security risks. This NIST CSF can help practitioners build a cross-pollenated understanding of holistic risk.
Main points covered:
• Understand the purpose, value, and application of the NIST CSF in familiar non-technical terms.
• Understand how the Functions and Categories of the NIST CSF (the CSF “Core”) and an organization's “current” and “target” profiles are relevant and valuable in a variety of sectors and environments.
• Understand how an organization’s physical and cyber security resources and stakeholders can align with the NIST CSF as a tool to achieve holistic security risk management.
Presenters:
David Feeney, CPP, PMP has 17 years of security industry experience assisting organizations with risk management matters specific to physical, personnel, and cyber security. He has 9 years of experience with service providers and 8 years of experience within enterprise security organizations. David has worked with industry leaders in the energy, technology, healthcare, and real estate sectors. Areas of specialization include Security Operations Center design and management, Security Systems design and implementation, and Enterprise Risk Management. David holds leadership positions in ASIS International and is also a member of the InfraGard FBI program. David holds Certification Protection Professional (CPP) and Project Management Professional (PMP) certifications.
Andrea LeStarge, MS has over ten years of experience in program management, risk analysis and curriculum development. Being specialized in Homeland Security, Andrea leverages her experience in formerly managing projects to support various Federal Government entities in identifying, detecting and responding to man-made, natural and cyber incidents. She has an established track record in recognizing security gaps and corrective risk mitigation options, while effectively communicating findings to stakeholders, private sector owners and operators, and first-responder personnel within tactical, operational and strategic levels. Overall, Andrea encompasses analytical tradecraft and demonstrates consistent, repeatable and defensible methodologies pertaining to risk and the elements of threat, vulnerability and consequence.
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/hxpuYtMQgf0
Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework: 800-37 Rev. 2Denise Tawwab
Denise Tawwab's presentation on "Understanding the NIST Risk Management Framework" given at the Techno Security & Digital Forensics Conference on June 3, 2019 in Myrtle Beach, SC.
Introduction to NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF)Donald E. Hester
This introductory session will cover the basic steps of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and the transition away from the previous Certification and Accreditation approach to information systems security and assurance. This will also cover the benefits of the RMF for organizations, local, state, and federal governments.
Navigating the complex Risk Management Framework (RMF) requirements can be daunting. Learn best practices and gain a better understanding of NIST's RMF.
Introduction to Risk Management via the NIST Cyber Security FrameworkPECB
The cyber security profession has successfully established explicit guidance for practitioners to implement effective cyber security programs via the NIST Cyber Security Framework (CSF). The CSF provides both a roadmap and a measuring stick for effective cyber security. Application of the CSF within cyber is nothing new, but the resurgence of Enterprise Security Risk Management and Security Convergence highlight opportunities for expanded application for cyber, physical, and personnel security risks. This NIST CSF can help practitioners build a cross-pollenated understanding of holistic risk.
Main points covered:
• Understand the purpose, value, and application of the NIST CSF in familiar non-technical terms.
• Understand how the Functions and Categories of the NIST CSF (the CSF “Core”) and an organization's “current” and “target” profiles are relevant and valuable in a variety of sectors and environments.
• Understand how an organization’s physical and cyber security resources and stakeholders can align with the NIST CSF as a tool to achieve holistic security risk management.
Presenters:
David Feeney, CPP, PMP has 17 years of security industry experience assisting organizations with risk management matters specific to physical, personnel, and cyber security. He has 9 years of experience with service providers and 8 years of experience within enterprise security organizations. David has worked with industry leaders in the energy, technology, healthcare, and real estate sectors. Areas of specialization include Security Operations Center design and management, Security Systems design and implementation, and Enterprise Risk Management. David holds leadership positions in ASIS International and is also a member of the InfraGard FBI program. David holds Certification Protection Professional (CPP) and Project Management Professional (PMP) certifications.
Andrea LeStarge, MS has over ten years of experience in program management, risk analysis and curriculum development. Being specialized in Homeland Security, Andrea leverages her experience in formerly managing projects to support various Federal Government entities in identifying, detecting and responding to man-made, natural and cyber incidents. She has an established track record in recognizing security gaps and corrective risk mitigation options, while effectively communicating findings to stakeholders, private sector owners and operators, and first-responder personnel within tactical, operational and strategic levels. Overall, Andrea encompasses analytical tradecraft and demonstrates consistent, repeatable and defensible methodologies pertaining to risk and the elements of threat, vulnerability and consequence.
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/hxpuYtMQgf0
Jonathan Pollet and Mark Heard of Red Tiger Security at S4x15 OTDay.
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) has been out for a year now, and some owner/operators have begun to use it to help create an ICS cyber security program. The Red Tiger Security team discusses what the CSF is and there experience in using it with real world clients.
Summarize the design and build approach for SOC (Security Operation Center) for both end user company and service providers. Defines the approach flow for SOC building and various components and phases involved. Defines design thumb rules and parameters for SOC Design.
Talking about Next-Gen Security Operation Center for IDNIC+APJII as representative from IDSECCONF. People-Centric SOC requires lot of investment on human in terms of quantity and quality, unfortunately, (good) IT security people are getting rare these days. Organisation need to put their investments more on technology, as in Industry 4.0, machines are getting more advanced to support Human on doing continuous and repetitive task.
Moving from “traditional” to next-gen SOC require proper plan, thats what this talk was about.
Information Security vs. Data Governance vs. Data Protection: What Is the Rea...PECB
This webinar will provide more information on the importance of information security and how you can take security well beyond compliance, an approach on building strong information security, privacy and data governance programs, and the importance of strong data governance in relation to privacy and information security requirements.
The webinar covers
• Information Security
• Importance Of Information Security Today
• Taking Information Security Beyond A Compliance First
• Importance Of Data Governance In Information Security
• Privacy
• Changing And Evolving Privacy Requirements
• Importance Of Data Governance In Privacy
• Data Governance And Data Privacy
• Data Privacy - Data Processing Principles
Presenters:
Moji is a Senior Business Process Analyst working with GemaltoThales, a leading firm in the IT industry. Moji has over fifteen years of experience in leading projects to improve processes, create and implement processes leading to increased revenue generation and eliminate redundancies.
She has a zeal for adding value and increasing revenue for organizations. Moji is very passionate about Data Privacy and its application in business and consumer rights.
Hardeep Mehrotara has 20+ years of senior leadership experience in Information Technology and Cyber Security working for public and private organizations building security programs from the ground up. He has been featured on Canadian television as a cyber expert and provided advice to various communities on implementing cybersecurity strategy, best practices and controls. He has been a co-author on numerous leading industry security control frameworks, technical benchmarks and industry best practice standards.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: https://pecb.com/whitepaper/iso-27001-information-technology--security-techniques-information-security--management-systems---requirements
https://pecb.com/en/education-and-certification-for-individuals/iso-iec-27701
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Articles: https://pecb.com/article
Whitepapers: https://pecb.com/whitepaper
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/aQcS5-RFIEY
Website link: https://pecb.com/
CIA Triad in Data Governance, Information Security, and Privacy: Its Role and...PECB
According to Technavio's latest market research report, the data security market value will grow by $2.85 Billion during 2021-2025.
To secure their data, organizations can use the CIA triad, a data security model developed to help the data security market and people deal with various IT security parts.
The webinar covers
• Overview Of CIA
• Description of Data Governance vs Information Security vs Privacy
• Relationship of CIA to Data Governance
• Relationship of CIA to Information Security
• Relationship of CIA to Privacy
• How to Implement and Maintain the CIA model (e.g., PDCA, etc.)
Presenters:
Anthony English
Our presenter for this webinar is Anthony English, one of the top cybersecurity professionals in Atlantic Canada with extensive Canadian and International experience in cybersecurity covering risk assessment, management, mitigation, security testing, business continuity, information security management systems, architecture security reviews, project security, security awareness, lectures, presentations and standards-based compliance.
Date: November 17, 2021
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: https://pecb.com/whitepaper/iso-27001-information-technology--security-techniques-information-security--management-systems---requirements
https://pecb.com/en/education-and-certification-for-individuals/iso-iec-27701
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Articles: https://pecb.com/article
Whitepapers: https://pecb.com/whitepaper
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Youtube video: https://youtu.be/eA8uQhdLZpw
Website link: https://pecb.com/
Secrets to managing your Duty of Care in an ever- changing world.
How well do you know your risks?
Are you keeping up with your responsibilities to provide Duty of Care?
How well are you prioritising Cybersecurity initiatives?
Liability for Cybersecurity attacks sits with Executives and Board members who may not have the right level of technical security knowledge. This session will outline what practical steps executives can take to implement a Cybersecurity Roadmap that is aligned with its strategic objectives.
Led by Krist Davood, who has spent over 28 years implementing secure mission critical systems for executives. Krist is an expert in protecting the interconnectedness of technology, intellectual property and information systems, as evidenced through his roles at The Good Guys, Court Services Victoria and Schiavello.
The seminar will cover:
• Fiduciary responsibility
• How to efficiently deal with personal liability and the threat of court action
• The role of a Cybersecurity Executive Dashboard and its ability to simplify risk and amplify informed decision making
• How to identify and bridge the gap between your Cybersecurity Compliance Rating and the threat of court action
People are a critical factor in any cyber security imitative. In this session we will cover the roles and responsibilities defined by NIST for the Risk Management Framework (RMF). This is third in a series on NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF). This session covers topics in (ISC)2 CAP certification, FISMA, Certification and Accreditation, DIACAP, and DIARMF.
An in-depth look at:
1. Disruptive Technology and its impact on organizations.
2. Need for a Security Operations Center (SOC) for the 21st century businesses
3. Designing and operating an effective SOC - what it takes to run a successful SOC starting from how we should prepare our minds in terms of approach to the actual implementation and operation.
4. Qualities any SOC Analyst should possess
5. Measuring the success of a SOC - We discuss critical factors to consider when determining the success of a SOC.
What is ISO 27005? How is an ISO 27005 Risk Assessment done effectively? Find out in this presentation delivered at the ISACA Bangalore Chapter Office by Dharshan Shanthamurthy.
Jonathan Pollet and Mark Heard of Red Tiger Security at S4x15 OTDay.
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) has been out for a year now, and some owner/operators have begun to use it to help create an ICS cyber security program. The Red Tiger Security team discusses what the CSF is and there experience in using it with real world clients.
Summarize the design and build approach for SOC (Security Operation Center) for both end user company and service providers. Defines the approach flow for SOC building and various components and phases involved. Defines design thumb rules and parameters for SOC Design.
Talking about Next-Gen Security Operation Center for IDNIC+APJII as representative from IDSECCONF. People-Centric SOC requires lot of investment on human in terms of quantity and quality, unfortunately, (good) IT security people are getting rare these days. Organisation need to put their investments more on technology, as in Industry 4.0, machines are getting more advanced to support Human on doing continuous and repetitive task.
Moving from “traditional” to next-gen SOC require proper plan, thats what this talk was about.
Information Security vs. Data Governance vs. Data Protection: What Is the Rea...PECB
This webinar will provide more information on the importance of information security and how you can take security well beyond compliance, an approach on building strong information security, privacy and data governance programs, and the importance of strong data governance in relation to privacy and information security requirements.
The webinar covers
• Information Security
• Importance Of Information Security Today
• Taking Information Security Beyond A Compliance First
• Importance Of Data Governance In Information Security
• Privacy
• Changing And Evolving Privacy Requirements
• Importance Of Data Governance In Privacy
• Data Governance And Data Privacy
• Data Privacy - Data Processing Principles
Presenters:
Moji is a Senior Business Process Analyst working with GemaltoThales, a leading firm in the IT industry. Moji has over fifteen years of experience in leading projects to improve processes, create and implement processes leading to increased revenue generation and eliminate redundancies.
She has a zeal for adding value and increasing revenue for organizations. Moji is very passionate about Data Privacy and its application in business and consumer rights.
Hardeep Mehrotara has 20+ years of senior leadership experience in Information Technology and Cyber Security working for public and private organizations building security programs from the ground up. He has been featured on Canadian television as a cyber expert and provided advice to various communities on implementing cybersecurity strategy, best practices and controls. He has been a co-author on numerous leading industry security control frameworks, technical benchmarks and industry best practice standards.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: https://pecb.com/whitepaper/iso-27001-information-technology--security-techniques-information-security--management-systems---requirements
https://pecb.com/en/education-and-certification-for-individuals/iso-iec-27701
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Articles: https://pecb.com/article
Whitepapers: https://pecb.com/whitepaper
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/aQcS5-RFIEY
Website link: https://pecb.com/
CIA Triad in Data Governance, Information Security, and Privacy: Its Role and...PECB
According to Technavio's latest market research report, the data security market value will grow by $2.85 Billion during 2021-2025.
To secure their data, organizations can use the CIA triad, a data security model developed to help the data security market and people deal with various IT security parts.
The webinar covers
• Overview Of CIA
• Description of Data Governance vs Information Security vs Privacy
• Relationship of CIA to Data Governance
• Relationship of CIA to Information Security
• Relationship of CIA to Privacy
• How to Implement and Maintain the CIA model (e.g., PDCA, etc.)
Presenters:
Anthony English
Our presenter for this webinar is Anthony English, one of the top cybersecurity professionals in Atlantic Canada with extensive Canadian and International experience in cybersecurity covering risk assessment, management, mitigation, security testing, business continuity, information security management systems, architecture security reviews, project security, security awareness, lectures, presentations and standards-based compliance.
Date: November 17, 2021
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: https://pecb.com/whitepaper/iso-27001-information-technology--security-techniques-information-security--management-systems---requirements
https://pecb.com/en/education-and-certification-for-individuals/iso-iec-27701
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Articles: https://pecb.com/article
Whitepapers: https://pecb.com/whitepaper
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Youtube video: https://youtu.be/eA8uQhdLZpw
Website link: https://pecb.com/
Secrets to managing your Duty of Care in an ever- changing world.
How well do you know your risks?
Are you keeping up with your responsibilities to provide Duty of Care?
How well are you prioritising Cybersecurity initiatives?
Liability for Cybersecurity attacks sits with Executives and Board members who may not have the right level of technical security knowledge. This session will outline what practical steps executives can take to implement a Cybersecurity Roadmap that is aligned with its strategic objectives.
Led by Krist Davood, who has spent over 28 years implementing secure mission critical systems for executives. Krist is an expert in protecting the interconnectedness of technology, intellectual property and information systems, as evidenced through his roles at The Good Guys, Court Services Victoria and Schiavello.
The seminar will cover:
• Fiduciary responsibility
• How to efficiently deal with personal liability and the threat of court action
• The role of a Cybersecurity Executive Dashboard and its ability to simplify risk and amplify informed decision making
• How to identify and bridge the gap between your Cybersecurity Compliance Rating and the threat of court action
People are a critical factor in any cyber security imitative. In this session we will cover the roles and responsibilities defined by NIST for the Risk Management Framework (RMF). This is third in a series on NIST’s Risk Management Framework (RMF). This session covers topics in (ISC)2 CAP certification, FISMA, Certification and Accreditation, DIACAP, and DIARMF.
An in-depth look at:
1. Disruptive Technology and its impact on organizations.
2. Need for a Security Operations Center (SOC) for the 21st century businesses
3. Designing and operating an effective SOC - what it takes to run a successful SOC starting from how we should prepare our minds in terms of approach to the actual implementation and operation.
4. Qualities any SOC Analyst should possess
5. Measuring the success of a SOC - We discuss critical factors to consider when determining the success of a SOC.
What is ISO 27005? How is an ISO 27005 Risk Assessment done effectively? Find out in this presentation delivered at the ISACA Bangalore Chapter Office by Dharshan Shanthamurthy.
Risk assessment principles and guidelinesHaris Tahir
Risk assessment principles and guidelines is a presentation slides was created and presented at Mission Critical Workshop. This slides is part of Business Continuity Management (BCM) presentation which intended for professional who is responsible for BCM or Risk Assessment Program.
Website attacks continue to prevail despite the best efforts of enterprises to fight them. Websites are an ongoing business concern and security must be assured all the time, not just at a point in time. And yet, most websites were exposed to at least one serious vulnerability every day of 2010, leaving valuable corporate and customer date at risk. Why?
In this report, Jeremiah will explore a new way to measure website security, Windows of Exposure, that tracks an organization’s current and historical website security posture. Window of Exposure is a useful combination of vulnerability prevalence, how long vulnerabilities take to get fixed, and the percentage of them that are remediated. By carefully tracking these metrics, an organization can determine where resources would be best invested.
Using data from WhiteHat’s 11th Website Security Statistics Report, based on assessments of over 3,000 websites, Grossman will reveal the most secure (and insecure) vertical markets and the Windows of Exposure of each. Find out how your industry ranks, and the top ten vulnerabilities plaguing your peers. Learn how to determine which metrics are critical to increasing their remediation rates, thereby limiting their Window of Exposure. The good news is that companies that take this approach are increasing remediation rates by 5 percent per year.
Risk management is the process of analyzing exposure to risk and determining how to best handle such exposure.
Issues important to top management typically receive lot of attention from many quarters. Since top management cares about risk management, a number of popular IT risk-management frameworks have emerged.
RiskWatch for Financial Institutions™ creates a comprehensive compliance risk assessment (the required self-assessment) to match the FFIEC guidelines: IT, FFIEC, Information Technology (IT) Examination Handbook, RED FLAG, GLBA and more. The software includes the risk assessment compliance template, including role-based compliance questions, directly based on requirements, as well as web-based survey programs, and a complete written report, augmented by working papers that explain how each element was generated.
FINISH YOUR RED FLAG ASSESSMENT with Easy to Use, Affordable Software. It includes complete assessment versions for GLBA (Gramm Leach Bliley), the Red Flag Identity Theft Standard and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) assessment standards. Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) is also available upon request. Web-based or server-based online questionnaires make it easy to gather role-based data, and generate management reports with working papers and complete audit trails.
The only fully standardized way to meet the new Red Flag and risk assessment requirements, RiskWatch for Financial Institutions is used by banks, insurance companies, trusts and savings banks other technical service providers such as payment processors.
RiskWatch for Physical & Homeland Security™CPaschal
RiskWatch for Physical and Homeland Security™ assists the user in conducting automated risk analyses, physical security reviews, audits and vulnerability assessments of facilities and personnel. Security threats addressed include crimes against property, crimes against people, equipment of systems failure, terrorism ,natural disasters, fire and bomb threats. Question sets include entry control, perimeters, fire, facilities management, guards, including a specialized set of questions for the maritime/shipping industry. New ASP functionality allows the organization in question to put the entire questionnaire process on it\'s server, where users can easily log in by ID # and answer questions appropriative to their job. From there, all answers are instantly imported into the RiskWatch for Physical and Homeland Security™ program.
The Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure Selection updated 2023 doc 11.docxintel-writers.com
Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure
Selection are two critical components of the overall security management process.
Let’s discuss each of these topics in detail:
Risk Analysis: Risk analysis is the process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing potential risks and vulnerabilities that can impact an organization’s assets, operations, and objectives. It involves evaluating the likelihood of a risk occurring and estimating the potential impact or consequences if it does happen. The main steps involved in risk analysis include:
Risk Identification: Identifying and documenting potential risks and vulnerabilities that may pose a threat to the organization’s security.
Risk Assessment: Assessing the likelihood and impact of identified risks. This assessment helps prioritize risks based on their significance.
Risk Mitigation: Developing strategies and plans to minimize or eliminate identified risks. This may involve implementing security countermeasures, policies, procedures, or controls.
Risk Monitoring and Review: Regularly monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of implemented risk mitigation measures and making adjustments as necessary.
Security Countermeasure Selection: Once the risks have been analyzed and prioritized, the next step is to select appropriate security countermeasures to mitigate or manage those risks. Security countermeasures are proactive measures put in place to prevent, deter, detect, or respond to security threats and vulnerabilities. The process of selecting security countermeasures involves:
Identifying Potential Countermeasures: Researching and identifying a range of security measures or strategies that can address the identified risks. These may include physical, technical, or administrative controls.
Evaluating Countermeasures: Assessing the effectiveness, feasibility, cost, and potential impact of each countermeasure in relation to the identified risks. This evaluation helps in determining the most appropriate countermeasures.
Kuala Lumpur - PMI Global Congress 2009 - Risk ManagementTorsten Koerting
Presentation on Risk Management Tools, like Risk Register, Risk Profile Presentation Options, How to facilitate a Risk Assessment and effective Processes for day to day application of Risk Management in your Project
When to Implement a Vulnerability Assessment or Pen Test | IT Security & Risk...Cam Fulton
Learn how to evaluate risk, what the differences are between vulnerability assessments and penetration tests, and when to implement both.
Presented by AWA International, a division of I.S. Partners, LLC https://www.ispartnersllc.com/awa-international-group/
Lightweight Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Tools for Cyberinfrastructurejbasney
Presented Nov 11 2017
http://www.stem-trek.org/news-events/urisc/
“Lightweight Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Tools for Cyberinfrastructure”
Risk assessment provides valuable insights to the cyberinfrastructure security program, but launching a risk assessment process can seem daunting for all but the largest projects. Jim Basney will present risk assessment tools (checklists, spreadsheets, templates) developed by CTSC (trustedci.org) for getting started on a lightweight risk assessment for cyberinfrastructure projects of varying types and sizes.
Risk Management & Information Security Management SystemsIT-Toolkits.org
Risk Management and Risk Assessment are major components of Information Security Management (ISM). Although they are widely known, a wide range of definitions of Risk Management and Risk Assessment are found in the relevant literature [ISO13335-2], [NIST], [ENISA Regulation]. Here a consolidated view of Risk Management and Risk Assessment is presented. For the sake of this discussion, two approaches to presenting Risk Management and Risk Assessment, mainly based on OCTAVE [OCTAVE] and ISO 13335-2 [ISO13335-2] will be considered. Nevertheless, when necessary, structural elements that emanate from other perceptions of Risk Management and Risk Assessment are also used (e.g. consideration of Risk Management and Risk Assessment as counterparts of Information Security Management System, as parts of wider operational processes, etc. [WG-Deliverable 3], [Ricciuto]).
Combined Multi-Annual Analysis, Estimation, and Trends Assessment Method for ...Iulian Popa
he authors have drafted a multi-annual analysis, estimation, and trends assessment matrix for the evaluation of cybersecurity environment in Romania. Besides that, the matrix serves for building worst-case and best-case scenarios related to the cybersecurity in Romania. As their proposal is a beta-version, their work is intended for experts’ consideration and debate only.
In summary, Mr. Nițu refines the initial and simplified method of analysis, estimation, and trends assessment established earlier by Mr. Popa. The indicators the authors proposed here were chosen based on a well balanced impact-relevance methodology and they are designed strictly for evaluation, feedback and scenario building purposes. The authors acknowledge some of them may be subject to ongoing change.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and Sales
NIST 800-30 Intro to Conducting Risk Assessments - Part 1
1. INTRO TO CONDUCTIONG RISK ASSESSMENTS
NIST SPECIAL PUBLICATION 800-30 (REVISION 1)
DeniseTawwab, CISSP
March 2, 2016
2. ABOUT YOUR PRESENTER – DENISE TAWWAB
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 2
CCSK - Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge
Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
3. WHAT IS NIST SPECIAL PUBLICATION 800-30
Applicability
Purpose
Related Publications
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 3Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
4. EVOLUTION OF RISK AND INFORMATION SECURITY
THEN NOW
Confidentiality Confidentiality, Integrity,Availability
Static, Snapshot Focus Dynamic, continuous monitoring, situationally awareness focus
Protect Information Protect AND Share information
Risk Avoidance Risk Management
Government-Centric Solutions Commercial, off-the-shelf solutions
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 4Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
5. WHATWE WILL COVER
The Risk Management Process (2.1)
The Role of Risk Assessments in the Risk Management Process (2.2)
Basic Concepts Used in Conducting Risk Assessments (2.3)
Communications and Information Sharing (2.4)
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 5Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
6. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS (2.1)
Risk assessment is a key piece of an organization-wide risk management process
This Risk Management Process is Defined in NIST SP 800-39, Managing Information
Security Risk: Organization, Mission, and Information SystemView
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 6Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
7. THE 4 COMPONENTS OFTHE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Framing Risk
Assessing Risk
Responding to Risk
Monitoring
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 7
Information and
Communication Flows
Information and
Communication Flows
Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
8. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS – FRAMING RISK
The purpose of the Risk Framing component is to describe the environment (context) in which risk-based
decisions will be made.
The output of risk framing is a risk management strategy that addresses how the organization intends to assess,
respond to, and monitor risk.
The risk management strategy establishes a foundation for managing risk and sets the boundaries for risk-based
decisions within organizations.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 8Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
9. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS – ASSESSING RISK
The purpose of the Risk Assessment component is to identify:
threats to organizations (operations, assets, or individuals) or threats directed through organizations against
other organizations or the Nation,
internal and external vulnerabilities,
the adverse impacts (harm) that may occur,
the likelihood that harm will occur.
The end result of a risk assessment is a determination of risk.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 9Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
10. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS – RESPONDINGTO RISK
The purpose of the Risk Response component is to address how the organization will consistently respond to the
risk determined in the risk assessment in accordance with the organizational risk frame by:
Developing alternative courses of action for responding to risk
Evaluating the alternative courses of action
Determining appropriate courses of action consistent with risk tolerance
Implementing risk responses based on selected courses of action
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 10Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
11. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS – MONITORING RISK
The purpose of the Risk Monitoring component is to address how the organization will monitor risk over time.
Risk monitoring
Determines the ongoing effectiveness of risk responses.
Identifies risk-impacting changes to information systems and/or the environments in which the systems operate.
Verifies that planned risk responses are implemented and producing the desired results, and that information
security requirements (derived from mission/business functions, legislation, directives, regulations, policies, standards, and
guidelines) are satisfied.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 11Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
12. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS (2.1)
Framing Risk
Assessing Risk
Responding to Risk
Monitoring
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 12
Information and
Communication Flows
Information and
Communication Flows
Assess
Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
13. SP 800-30 DEALS WITH THE RISK ASSESSMENT COMPONENT OF RMP
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 13
Information and
Communication Flows
Information and
Communication Flows
Assess
Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
15. RISK ASSESSMENTS
Purposes of Risk Assessments
Characteristics of Risk Assessments
Decisions/Actions Supported by Risk Assessments
Step-by-Step Process for Risk Assessments in NIST 800-30
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 15Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
16. PURPOSES OF RISK ASSESSMENTS
Risk assessments address potential adverse impacts arising from the operation and
use of information systems and the information processed, stored, and transmitted by
those systems.
Organizations conduct risk assessments to determine risks that are common to the
organization’s core mission/business functions, processes, segments, common
infrastructure/support services, or information systems.
Risk assessments can support a wide variety of risk-based decisions and activities by
organizational officials across all 3 tiers in the RM hierarchy.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 16Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
17. CHARACTERISTICS OF RISK ASSESSMENTS
Risk assessments are NOT one-time activities.
Employed on an ongoing basis throughout the system development life cycle and across all tiers in the
risk management hierarchy.
The frequency of risk assessments depends on the purpose and scope of the assessments.
The resources applied during an assessment depend on the expressly defined purpose and scope of
the assessments.
The validity and usefulness of any risk assessment is bounded in time because missions/business
functions, business processes, information systems, threats, and environments of operation tend to
change over time)
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 17Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
18. RISK-BASED DECISIONS/ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED BY ASSESSMENTS
Development of an information security architecture
Definition of interconnection requirements for information systems
Design of security solutions for information systems and environments of operation including selection of security
controls, IT products, suppliers/supply chain, and contractors.
Authorization (or denial of authorization) to operation information systems or to use security controls inherited by
those systems (i.e. common controls);
Modification of business functions and/or processes permanently or for a specific time frame (e.g. until a newly
discovered threat or vulnerability is addressed, until a compensating control is replaced);
Implementation of security solutions (e.g. whether specific IT products or configurations for those products meet
established requirements); and
Operation and maintenance of security solutions (e.g. continuous monitoring strategies and programs, ongoing
authorizations).
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 18Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
19. 800-30 PROVIDES A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR RISK ASSESSMENTS
How to Prepare for Risk Assessments
How to Conduct Risk Assessments
How to Communicate the Risk Assessment Results
How to Maintain the Risk Assessments overTime
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 19Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
20. RISK ASSESSMENTS – WHAT WE COVERED
Purposes of Risk Assessments
Characteristics of Risk Assessments
Decisions/Actions Supported by Risk Assessments
Step-by-Step Process for Risk Assessments in NIST 800-30
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 20Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
21. KEY RISK CONCEPTS (2.3)
AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RISK FRAMING AND RISK ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 21Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
23. KEY RISK CONCEPTS – WHAT IS RISK AND INFO SECURITY RISK?
Risk is a measure of the extent to which an entity is threatened by a potential circumstance or event, and is typically
a function of:
The adverse impacts that would arise if the circumstance or event occurs; and
The likelihood of occurrence.
Information security risks – those risks that arise from the loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability of
information or information systems and reflect the potential adverse impacts to organizational operations (i.e.,
mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the nation.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 23Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
24. KEY RISK CONCEPTS – WHAT IS A RISK ASSESSMENT?
Risk Assessment – is the process of identifying, estimating, and prioritizing information security risks.
Assessing risk requires the careful analysis of threat and vulnerability information to determine the extent to which
circumstances or events could aversely impact an organization and the likelihood that such circumstances or events
will occur.
A risk assessment results in determination of risk.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 24Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
25. RELATIONSHIP AMONG FRAMING & ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 25Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
26. WHAT IS A RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Risk Assessment methodologies are defined by organizations and are a component of the risk management
strategy developed during the risk framing step of the risk management process.
A Risk Assessment Methodology typically includes:
Risk assessment process
Risk model
Assessment approach
Analysis approach
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 26Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
27. COMPONENTS OF A RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 27Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
28. CAN USE ONE OR MORE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES
Organizations can use a single risk assessment methodology or can employ multiple assessment methodologies, with
the selection of a specific methodology depending on, for example:
The time frame for investment planning or for planning policy changes;
The complexity/maturity of organizational mission/business processes (by enterprise architecture segments);
The phase of the information systems in the SDLC; or
The criticality/sensitivity of the information and information systems supporting the core organizational
missions/business functions.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 28Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
29. REPRODUCIBILITY/REPEATABILITY OF ASSESSMENTS
By having an explicit risk methodology and requiring – as part of the assessment process – a rationale for
the assessed values of risk factors, organizations can increase the reproducibility and repeatability of risk
assessments.
Reproducibility refers to the ability of different experts to produce the same results from the same
data.
Repeatability refers to the ability to repeat the assessment in the future in a manner that is consistent
with and comparable to prior assessments – enabling the organization to identify trends.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 29Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
30. RISK MODELS (2.3.1)
DEFINETHE RISK FACTORS TO BE ASSESSED ANDTHE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THOSE FACTORS
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 30Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
31. WHAT IS A RISK MODEL (2.3.1)
A Risk Model defines the risk factors to be assessed and the relationship among those factors.
Risk factors should be clearly defined and documented BEFORE conducting the risk assessment because the
assessment relies upon well-defined attributes of threats, vulnerabilities, impact, and other risk factors to
effectively determine risk.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 31Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
33. DECOMPOSING RISK FACTORS INTO CHARACTERISTICS
Risk factors can be decomposed into more detailed characteristics (e.g., threats decomposed into threat sources
and threat events).
A risk factor can have a single assessable characteristic (e.g., impact severity) or multiple characteristics,
Some characteristics may be assessable and some may not be assessable. Characteristics which are not assessable
typically help determine what lower-level characteristics are relevant.
Example: a threat source has a (characteristic) threat type (using a taxonomy of threat types, which are nominal
rather than assessable).The threat type determines which of the more detailed characteristics are relevant (e.g., a
threat source of type adversarial has associated characteristics of capabilities, intent, and targeting, which are
directly assessable characteristics).
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 33Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
34. THREAT ,THREAT EVENTS, ANDTHREAT SCENARIO
A threat is any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact organizational operations and
assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation through an information system via unauthorized access,
destruction, disclosure or modification of information and/or denial of service.
Organizations can choose to specify threat events as
single events, actions, or circumstances; or
sets and/or sequences of related actions, activities, and/or circumstances.
Threat events are caused by threat sources, and (when caused by adversarial threat sources) are characterized
by tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) employed by adversaries.
Threat events identified with great specificity allow you to model, develop, and analyze threat scenarios. A threat
Scenario is a set of discrete threat events, attributed to a specific threat source or multiple threat sources,
ordered in time, that result in adverse effects.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 34Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
35. THREAT SOURCE
A Threat Source is:
The intent and method targeted at the exploitation of a vulnerability; or
A situation and method that may accidentally exploit a vulnerability.
4 Types of Threat sources
Adversarial - Hostile cyber or physical attacks
(Individuals, groups, organizations, or states that seek to exploit the organization’s dependence on cyber resources)
Accidental - Human errors (commission or omission)
Structural - Failures of resources controlled by the organization (e.g., hardware, software, environmental controls);
Environmental - Natural and man-made disasters, accidents, and failures beyond the control of the organization.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 35Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
36. THREAT SHIFTING
Threat shifting is the response of adversaries to your safeguards and/or countermeasures (i.e., security controls) in which they
change their intent/targeting in order to avoid or defeat those safeguards/countermeasures. Default is to the path of least
resistance.
Threat shifting can occur in one or more domains, including:
The Time domain – delay in an attack or illegal entry to conduct additional surveillance
The Target domain – select a target that is not as well protected.
The Resource domain – add resources to the attack in order to reduce uncertainty or overcome safeguards and/or
countermeasures; or
The Attack planning/Attack method domain – change the attack weapon or attack path.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 36Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
38. TABLE E-2: REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES – ADVERSARIALTHREAT EVENTS
Threat Events (characterized byTTPs) Description
Perform Reconnaissance and Gather Data
Perform perimeter network recon/scanning, Adversary Uses commercial or free software to scan organizational perimeter to obtain a
better understanding of the information technology infrastructure and improve the ability to
launch successful attacks.
Craft or Create AttackTools
Create counterfeit/spoof website Adversary creates duplicates of legitimate websites, when users visit a counterfeit site, the site
can gather information or download malware.
Deliver/insert/install Malicious Capabilities
Deliver known malware to internal organizational information systems (e.g.,
virus via email)
Adversary uses common delivery mechanisms (e.g., email) to install/insert known malware (e.g.,
malware whose existence is known) into organizational information systems.
Exploit and Compromise
Exploit physical access of authorized staff to gain access to organizational
facilities.
Adversary follows (“tailgates”) authorized individuals into secure/controlled locations with the
goal of gaining access to facilities, circumventing physical security checks.
Conduct an Attack (i.e., direct/coordinate attack tools or activities).
Achieve Results (i.e., cause adverse impacts, obtain information)
Maintain a presence or set of capabilities.
Coordinate a campaign
38Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSKNIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS
39. TABLE E-3: REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES – NON-ADVERSARIALTHREAT EVENTS
Threat Event Description
Spill Sensitive Information Authorized user erroneously contaminates a device, information system, or network by placing on it o sending to
it information of a classification/sensitivity which it has not been authorized to handle.The information is exposed
to access b unauthorized individuals, and as a result, the device, system, or network is unavailable while the spill is
investigated and mitigated.
Mishandling of critical and/or sensitive information by
authorized users
Authorized privileged user inadvertently exposes critical/sensitive information
Incorrect privilege settings Authorized privileged user or administrator erroneously assigns a user exceptional privileges or sets privilege
requirements on a resource too low.
Communications contention Degraded communications performance due to contention.
Unreadable display Display unreadable due to aging equipment.
Earthquake at primary facility. Earthquake of organization-defined magnitude at primary facility makes facility inoperable
Fire at primary facility Fire (not due to adversarial activity) at primary facility makes facility inoperable.
Fire at backup facility Fire (not due to adversarial activity) at backup facility makes facility inoperable or destroys backups of software,
configurations, data, and/or logs
Resource depletion Degraded processing performance due to resource depletion.
Introduction of vulnerabilities into software products. Due to inherent weaknesses in programming languages and software development environments, errors and
vulnerabilities are introduced into commonly used software products.
Disk error Corrupted storage due to a disk error.
39Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSKNIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS
41. RISK FACTOR –VULNERABILITY
A vulnerability is a weakness in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls, or
implementation that could be exploited by a threat source.
Vulnerabilities can be found not only in information systems but also in organizational governance structures,
external relationships, mission/business processes, and enterprise/information security architectures.
The severity of a vulnerability is an assessment of the relative importance of mitigating/remediating the
vulnerability. Severity can be determined by the extent of the potential adverse impact if such a vulnerability is
exploited by a threat source.The severity of vulnerabilities is context-dependent.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 41Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
42. RISK FACTOR - PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS
A predisposing condition is a condition that exists within an organization, a business process, enterprise
architecture, information system, or environment of operation which affects (i.e. increases or decreases) the
likelihood that threat events, once initiated, result in adverse impacts to organizational operations and assets,
individuals, other organizations, or the Nation.
Location of a facility in a flood zone or hurricane-prone region (increases)
A stand-alone information system with no external network connectivity (decreases)
Gaps in contingency plans
Use of outdated technologies
Weaknesses in information system backup and failover mechanisms
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 42Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
43. TABLE F-4: TAXONOMY OF PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS
Type of Predisposing Condition Description
Information-Related
• Classified National Security Information
• Compartments
• Controlled Unclassified Information
• Personally Identifiable Information
• Special Access Programs
• Agreement-Determined (NOFORN, Proprietary)
Needs to handle information (as it is
created, transmitted, stored, processed,
and/or displayed) in a specific manner,
due to its sensitivity (or lack of
sensitivity), legal or regulatory
requirements, and/or contractual or
other organizational agreements.
Technical
• Architectural
• Compliance with technical standards
• Use of specific products or product lines
• Solutions for and/or approaches to user-based collaboration and information sharing.
• Allocation of specific security functionality to common controls
• Functional
• Network multiuser
• Simple-user
• Stand-alone / non-networked
• Restricted functionality (e.g., communications, sensors, embedded controllers)
Needs to use technology in specific
ways.
Operational / Environmental
• Mobility (Fixed-site (specify location); Semi-mobile (land-based,Airborne, Sea-based, Space-based);
Mobile (e.g., handheld device)
• Population with physical and/or logical access to components of the Information System, mission/business process, EA segment
• Size of population
• Clearance/vetting of population
Ability to rely upon physical, procedural,
and personnel controls provided by the
operational environment.
43Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSKNIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS
45. RISK FACTOR - LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
Likelihood of Occurrence is a weighted risk factor based on an analysis of the probability that a given threat is
capable of exploiting a given vulnerability (or set of vulnerabilities).
For adversarial threats, and assessment of likelihood of occurrence is based on:
Adversary intent
Adversary capability
Adversary Targeting
For non-adversarial threats an assessment of likelihood of occurrence is based on
Historical evidence
Empirical data
Other factors
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 45Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
46. DETERMINING THE LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
3-step process to determine the overall likelihood of occurrence:
1. Assess the likelihood that threat events will be initiated (adversarial) or will occur (non-adversarial).
2. Assess the likelihood that the threat event once initiated or occurring, will result in adverse impacts or harm
3. Assess the overall likelihood as a combination of likelihood of initiation/occurrence and likelihood of resulting in
harm.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 46Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
48. RISK FACTORS - IMPACT
Impact is the magnitude of harm that can be expected to result from the consequences of unauthorized
disclosure of information, unauthorized modification of information, unauthorized destruction of information, or
loss of information or information system availability.
Clearly define:
The process used to conduct impact determinations
Assumptions related to impact determinations (Risk tolerance assumptions may state that threat evets with an impact
below a specific value do not warrant further analysis.)
Sources and methods for obtaining impact information
Rationale for conclusions reached with regard to impact determinations.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 48Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
49. TYPES OF IMPACT
Harm to Operations
Harm to Assets
Harm to Individuals
Harm to Other Organizations
Harm to the Nation
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 49Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
53. 3 RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACHES (2.3.2)
Quantitative
Qualitative
Semi-Quantitative
Each approach has advantages and disadvantages. A preferred approach (or set of
approaches) can be selected based on organizational culture and attitudes toward the
concepts of uncertainty and risk communication.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 53Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
54. ASSESSMENT APPROACHES – QUANTITATIVE
Quantitative Assessments use a set of methods, principles or rules for assessing risk based on numbers –
where the meaning and proportionality of values are maintained inside and outside the context of the assessment.
Most effectively supports cost-benefit analyses of alternative risk responses or courses of action.
The meaning of the quantitative results may not always be clear and may require interpretation and explanation –
particularly to explain the assumptions and constraints on using the results. Organizations may typically ask if the
numbers or results obtained in the risk assessments are reliable or if the differences in the obtained values are meaningful
or insignificant.
The rigor of quantification is significantly lessened when subjective determinations are buried within the
quantitative assessments, or when significant uncertainty surrounds the determination of values.
The benefits of quantitative assessments (rigor, repeatability, and reproducibility of results) can be outweighed by
the costs (expert time/effort and the possible deployment and use of tools required to make such assessments)
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 54Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
55. ASSESSMENT APPROACHES – QUALITATIVE
Qualitative Assessments use a set of methods, principles, or rules for assessing risk based on non-numerical
categories or levels (e.g. very low, low, moderate, high, very high).
Supports communicating risk results to decision makers
The range of values in qualitative assessments is comparatively small in most cases, making the relative
prioritization or comparison within the set of reported risks difficult.
Unless each value is clearly defined or is characterized by meaningful examples, different experts relying on their
individual different experiences could produce significantly different assessment results.
The repeatability and reproducibility of qualitative assessments are increased by the annotation of assessed values
(e.g. This value is high because of the following reasons) and by the use of tables or other well-defined functions to
combine qualitative values.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 55Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
56. ASSESSMENT APPROACHES – SEMI-QUANTITATIVE
Semi-Quantitative Assessments use a set of methods, principles, or rules for assessing risk that uses bins,
scales, or representative numbers whose values and meanings are not maintained in other contexts.
Provides the benefits of quantitative and qualitative assessments.
The role of expert judgement in assigning values is more evident than in a purely quantitative approach.
If the scales or sets of bins provide sufficient granularity, relative prioritization among results is better supported
than in a purely qualitative approach.
As in a quantitative approach, when subjective determinations are buried within assessments or when significant
uncertainty surrounds a determination of value, rigor is significantly lessened.
As with the non-numeric categories or levels used in a qualitative approach, each bin or range of values needs to
be clearly defined and/or characterized by meaningful examples.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 56Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
57. ASSESSMENT APPROACHES
Independent of the value scale selected, assessments make explicit the temporal
element of risk factors.
Organizations can associate a specific time period with assessments of likelihood of
occurrence and assessments of impact severity.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 57Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
59. 3 RISK ANALYSIS APPROACHES
Threat-oriented
Asset/impact-oriented
Vulnerability-oriented
Organizations have great flexibility in choosing a particular analysis approach.The specific approach taken is
driven by different organizational considerations (e.g., the quality and quantity of information available with
respect to threats, vulnerabilities, and impact/assets; the specific orientation carrying the highest priority for the
organizations; availability of analysis tools emphasizing certain orientations; or a combination of the above.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 59Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
60. RISK ANALYSIS APPROACHES
Analysis approaches differ with respect to the orientation or starting point of the risk assessment,
level of detail in the assessment, and how risks due to similar threat scenarios are treated.
Differences in the starting point of the risk assessment can bias the results, causing some risks not to
be identified.
Identification of risks from a second orientation (e.g., complementing a threat-oriented analysis
approach with an asset/impact-oriented analysis approach) can improve the rigor and effectiveness of
the analysis.
Each analysis approach takes into consideration the same risk factors, and thus entails the same set of
risk assessment activities, just in a different order.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 60Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
61. THREAT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS APPROACH
Starts with the identification of threat sources and threat events.
Focuses on developing threat scenarios.
Vulnerabilities are identified in the context of threats.
For adversarial threats, impacts are identified based on adversary intent.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 61Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
62. ASSET/IMPACT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS APPROACH
Starts with the identification of highly adverse impacts of concern and/or critical or high-value
assets (possibly using the results of a business impact analysis (BIA)).
Focuses on identifying threat events and threat sources that could lead to and/or that could seek
those impacts.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 62Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
63. VULNERABILITY-ORIENTED ANALYSIS APPROACH
Starts with a set of predisposing conditions or exploitable weaknesses/deficiencies in organizational
information systems or the environments in which the systems operate.
Identifies threat events that could exercise those vulnerabilities together with possible consequences
of vulnerabilities being exercised.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 63Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
64. MORE RIGOROUS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
In addition to the orientation of the analysis approach, organizations can apply more rigorous analysis techniques
such as graph-based, or attack trees to provide an effective way to account for the many-to-many relationships
between:
Threat sources and threat events (a single threat event can be caused by multiple threat sources and a single
threat source can cause multiple threat events)
Threat events and vulnerabilities (a single threat event can exploit multiple vulnerabilities and a single vulnerability
can be exploited by multiple threat events).
Threat events and impacts/assets (a single threat event can affect multiple assets or have multiple impacts, and a
single asset can be affected by multiple threat events).
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 64Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
65. MORE RIGOROUS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Rigorous analysis approaches also provide a way to account for whether (in the given
time frame) a specific adverse impact could occur (or a specific asset could be harmed)
at most once, or perhaps repeatedly, depending on the nature of the impacts and on
how organizations recover from such adverse impacts.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 65Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
66. EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON RISK
KEY CONCEPTS – 2.3.4
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 66Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
67. EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON RISK ASSESSMENTS
(2.3.4)
Cultural issues can predispose an organization to:
Employ risk models that assume a constant value for one or more possible risk factors, so that some factors that
are present in other organizations’ models are not represented.
Employ risk models that require detailed analyses using quantitative assessments (e.g. nuclear safety).
Prefer qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment approaches.
Organizations can use coarse or high-level risk models early in the SDLC to select security controls, and then
later use more detailed models to assess risk to given missions or business functions.
Organizational risk frames determine which risk models, assessment approaches, and analysis approaches to use
under varying circumstances.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 67Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
68. RISK COMMUNICATIONS & INFORMATION SHARING
Ongoing communications and information sharing among stakeholders ensure:
Inputs are as accurate as possible
Intermediate assessment results can be used, for example, to support risk assessments at other tiers; and
The results are meaningful and useful inputs to the risk response step in the risk management process.
Manner and form of communications is an expression of organizational culture as well as legal, regulatory, and
contractual constraints and to be effective, should be consistent with other forms of risk communication within
organizations.
Establish policies procedures and implementing mechanisms to ensure that the information produced during such
assessments is effectively communicated and shared across all three risk management tiers.
To reinforce the importance of risk communication and information sharing use the input tables in the appendices of
800-30 as well as the recommended elements of a risk assessment report. Appendix K provides recommendations for
risk communications/sharing among tiers.
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 68Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
69. KEY RISK CONCEPTS – WHAT WE COVERED
Overview of Risk
Risk Models (2.3.1)
Assessment Approaches (2.3.2)
Analysis Approaches (2.3.3)
Effects of Organizational Culture on Risk Assessments (2.3.4)
Risk communications & information sharing (2.4.4)
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 69Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
70. THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 70Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK
71. THE FUNDAMENTALS – WHATWE COVERED
The Risk Management Process (2.1)
The Role of Risk Assessments in the Risk Management Process (2.2)
Basic Concepts Used in Conducting Risk Assessments (2.3)
Communications and Information Sharing (2.4)
NIST SP 800-30(REV 1): GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENTS 71Denise Tawwab, CISSP, CCSK