The document discusses various aspects of group development and dynamics. It describes the norming stage where group members feel a sense of belonging and intimacy. It also discusses the performing stage where the group is ready to tackle tasks and achieve goals. Additionally, it outlines several principles of group dynamics like the importance of belonging and breaking down barriers between leaders and members.

1. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
NORMING : This is the third stage in the group development.
At this stage, group members really start feeling that they
belong to the group. They develop a very close intimacy and
relationship with one another. A feeling of friendship develops
among them. A well-developed sense of common purpose of
the group emerges among the members. In this stage, group
members agree on standards to guide the behavior in the
group.

2. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
PERFORMING: When this stage reaches, the group is ready to
tackle all types of group tasks. The members of the group work
toward achievement of the group goals. The real work of the
group gets accomplished at this stage. To arrive at this stage,
groups should not take very long time.

3. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
ADJORNING : This is the last stage of the group development.
At this stage, a group disbands after having accomplished its
goals. However, ongoing work groups in organizations do not
go through this stage rather they remain at the performing
stage.

6. PRINCIPLES OF GROUP DYNAMICS
The members of the group must have a strong sense of belonging to
the group .The barrier between the leaders and to be led must be
broken down.
The more attraction a group is to its members, the greater influence it
would exercise on its members.
The grater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of the member
in the eyes of the members, the greater influence he would exercise on
the theme.

7. PRINCIPLES OF GROUP DYNAMICS
The successful efforts to change individuals sub parts of the group
would result in making them confirm to the norms of the group.
The pressures for change when strong can be established in the group
by creating a shared perception by the members for the need for the
change.
Information relating to the need for change, plans for change and the
consequence of the changes must be shared by the members of the
group.

8. PRINCIPLES OF GROUP DYNAMICS
The changes in one part of the groups may produce stress in the other parts, which
can be reduced only by eliminating the change or by bringing about readjustments in
the related parts.
The groups arise and function owing to common motives.
The groups survive by pacing the members into functional hierarchy and facilitating
the action towards the goal.
The intergroup relations, group organization, member participation is essential for
effectiveness of a group.

12. EFFECTIVE TEAMS PARAMETERS
• The degree to which the objectives of the team are achieved;
• The degree to which the team achieves the needs and well
being of its members; and
• The ability of the team to survive.

13. TEAM EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS
1) Organizational and Team Environment : Organizational
and team environment
relates to the following elements:
• Reward System • Communication
• Systems • Physical Space
• Organizational Environment
• Organizational Structure, and
• Organizational Leadership

14. TEAM EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS
2) Team Design : It involves following elements:
• Task Characteristics
• Team Size; and
• Team Composition

15. TEAM EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS
3) Team Processes : It includes:
• Team Development
• Team Norms
• Team Roles; and
• Team Cohesiveness

16. Effective group characteristics
its members understand and share its goals and mission;
an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect is built;
the participants feel satisfied because they belong to the group;
communication is open and everybody is encouraged
to take part in discussions and whenever possible
in the process of decision-taking;
a sense of group pride exists;

17. Effective group characteristics
there are few conflicts in the group and when
one arises techniques are used for its constructive solution;
members are encouraged to cooperate with each other;
group decision taking and problem solving is common practice;
the group is learning to work together in a free, liberating way;
group recognition for good work is given freely to everybody.

18. PRINCIPLES OF A SUCCESSFUL GROUP WORK
The group can work successfully if every member wants to work;
Find time to discuss main approaches and ideas, to evaluate the work
and to give feedback to the group;
Everybody in the group bears responsibility for the things that
happen;
We act on the basis of common principles and values;

19. PRINCIPLES OF A SUCCESSFUL GROUP WORK
I accept myself and the others;
I am responsible for my actions and behavior;
I believe in my abilities and support everybody's actions;
I respect personal dignity and space;
I am ready to take a risk, do something new, take a
challenge;
I accept mistakes as a chance for learning;

20. PRINCIPLES OF A SUCCESSFUL GROUP WORK
Today's problems are tomorrow's solutions;
Thinking is directed at the processes within the group:
aims are important but the process is also important. The group
develops by exploring its procedures and practices.
I suggest procedures for analyzing of situations and problem-
solving;

21. PRINCIPLES OF A SUCCESSFUL GROUP WORK
I take emotions as part of the work process;
I look for balance between effectiveness and quality of interactions -
the group will be successful and discussions will be useful if they are
focused, involve the participant and develop civil competence;
I am proud of the group achievements;
Group work is also for fun, if it is not something is wrong.

22. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Group work is a natural process for undergoing
personality changes. It represents the democratic nature
of society, developing processes of cooperation,
mutual dependence and assistance. The group is the
natural social environment for learning and education.
Group work is for socialization and integration
and more precisely, the main socializing model which
reflects democratic culture of society and education.

23. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Group members are the key factor for its success.
There are two main goals – individual growth of each
participant and the development of the group as a whole.
This means that the group we lead should have clearly
formulated and understandable aims accepted by the participants
and that in every moment of group development the participants
should be clear about group actions, tasks, the state of the group
as well as their own place and position in the group.

24. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
It is important to evaluate and discuss individual
actions and group development; this is the reason
why group reflectivity is an essential.
Group work actually represents alternation between
actions and reflections and this way the participant
learn practical skills and develop their awareness
when it comes to analyzing
social reality and their own actions as part of it.

25. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Of utmost importance for group work is our attitude as
leaders, our opinion about the participants, the nature
of the group process, the aims of individual and group
development. As in group work the participants and
the leader are involved as whole personalities, as
leaders we cannot isolate parts our personality like
in the traditional process of lecture-education.

26. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
The group is led by structured rules which impose on
everybody (including the leaders) certain norms of
behavior. The faster these rules are internalized, the better
the group works. They are based on the basic human rights
and represent forms of effective communication.
Group work provides the opportunity for creating an
atmosphere of cooperation, stability and learning based on
the strengths and abilities of the participants.

27. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
There is not only one “correct way” of group work,
everything depends to a great extend on our personality,
the way we communicate, our knowledge in different areas,
the environment where we perform our activities,
on the time perspective as well as on the perspective
of the participants.
By no means, leading factors in the group work process
are positive attitude towards the participants, the acceptance
of main principles of group work, following certain work rules;
the atmosphere of cooperation, trust and mutual support;
democratization of the relations within the group.

28. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
The realization of effective group work involves taking a number
of decisions every moment – in terms of work conditions, aims,
participants and our personal role.
Leading group work is a conscious process of making choices
in constantly situations – it requires good reflection, constant
involvement and assessment, looking for feedback, self-education.

29. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Group work is a process of solving one problem after another.
This means that a key skill of the leader is leading the group
towards solving problems and knowing the process in detail.
Group work teaches the participants to accept challenges as
problem situations and to look for suitable ways for solving
them within certain relations of cooperation and support
as well as to feel interdependent.

30. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Group work is based on joined actions as well as
on joined solutions.
Consensus decisions are built on a number of agreements
reached on every step of the process of problem-solving.
Joined decisions are a prerequisite for future actions.

31. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
Group work gives the chance to:
• define problems which the group and
the participants are facing,
• as leaders to perform our diagnostic activity;
• solve problems and make decisions;
• improve communication and to increase
the cooperation among participants;

32. Group Work – Trainer’s Guidelines
• increase the involvement of the participants,
their responsibilities in
connection with the taken decisions;
• solve occurring conflicts and reduce pressure;
• plan actions and set goals;
• share information and teach the group;
• improve the productivity and effectiveness of the group.