This document summarizes an experiment on interference fringes using a sodium lamp as a monochromatic light source. Rays from the source were reflected through a plano convex lens and formed circular interference patterns known as Newton's rings on the glass surface. The width of the fringes could be measured using a traveling microscope and used to calculate the wavelength of light from the sodium lamp through a formula accounting for the air gap between the lens and glass surface. The circular fringes resulted from the plano-convex lens shaping the light waves into concentric rings.
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
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polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
What is Polarization?
Types of polarized light
Few related terms
Few laws related to polarization
Applications
FOR MORE VISIT: https://tariqalfayad.blogspot.com/
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/ ❤❤❤
polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
What is Polarization?
Types of polarized light
Few related terms
Few laws related to polarization
Applications
FOR MORE VISIT: https://tariqalfayad.blogspot.com/
POLARIZATION
Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation.
Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves.
Sound waves in a gas or liquid do not exhibit polarization, since the oscillation is always in the direction the wave travels.
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
Polarization of light, Types of Polarization, Plane polarized light and its production, Circular Polarization, Elliptical Polarization, E -ray , O-ray, Positive and negative crystals, Quarter wave plate and half wave plate.
POLARIZATION
Polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation.
Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves.
Sound waves in a gas or liquid do not exhibit polarization, since the oscillation is always in the direction the wave travels.
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
Polarization of light, Types of Polarization, Plane polarized light and its production, Circular Polarization, Elliptical Polarization, E -ray , O-ray, Positive and negative crystals, Quarter wave plate and half wave plate.
This LO presents conditions for constructive and destructive thin film interference. An example of thin film interference in butter fly wings with a worked solution is provided to assist in application of the concepts and demonstrate the real life applications of this topic.
This powerpoint goes through the mechanics of a Michelson Interferometer as well as the theory behind how one works. There is a brief mention of an application of the interferometer, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).
Light Scattering Phenomenon:
The blue color of the sky and the red color of the sun at sunset result from scattering of light of small dust particles, H2O molecules and other gases in the atmosphere.
The efficiency with which light is scattered depends on its wavelength(λ).
The sky is blue because violet and blue light are scattered to a greater extent than other longer wavelengths.
A clear cloudless day-time sky is blue because molecules in the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they scatter red light.
When we look towards the sun at sunset, we see red and orange colours because the blue light has been scattered out and away from the line of sight.
Scattered radiation:
• Radiate scattering- second major spectral method of analysis.
• In this technique some radiation that passes through a sample strikes particles of the analyte and is scattered in a different direction.
• A detector is used to measure either the intensity of the scattered radiation or the decreased intensity of the incident radiation
• Depending on the scattering mechanism, the method can be employed for either qualitative or quantitative analysis.
For chemical analysis three forms of radiative scattering are important – viz.
Tyndall,
Raman, and
Rayleigh scattering.
Tyndall Scattering occurs when the dimensions of the particles that are causing the scattering are larger than the wavelength of the scattered radiation.
It is caused by reflection of the incident radiation from the surfaces of the particles,
reflection from the interior walls of the particles, and refraction and diffraction of the radiation as it passes through the particles.
Scattering of light
- by particles in a colloid or suspension.
The longer-wavelength light is more transmitted while the shorter- wavelength light is more reflected via scattering
Nephelometry & Turbidimetry:
When electromagnetic radiation (light) strikes a particle in solution, some of the light will be absorbed by the particle, some will be transmitted through the solution and some of the light will be scattered or reflected .
The amount of light scattered is proportional to the concentration of insoluble particle.
In Nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured.
In Turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. Light scattering is the physical phenomenon resulting from the interaction of light with a particles in solution
Turbidimetry is involved with measuring the amount of transmitted light (and calculating the absorbed light) by particles in suspension to determine the concentration of the substance in question.
Amount of absorbed light, and therefore, concentration is dependent on ;
1) number of particles, and
2) size of particles.
• Measurements are made using light spectrophotometers
Factors affecting on scattering of light:
Concentration of particles
Particle size
Wavelength
Distance of
This presentation is about the introduction of microscopy, its history, parts of a microscope and different types of microscopes along with a brief discussion of their working principles.
Unlike a spectrometer (which is any instrument that can measure the
properties of light over a range of wavelengths), a spectrophotometer
measures only the intensity of light as a function of its wavelength.
Spectroscopy is a method which measures the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. it reveals different properties of substances such as absorbance, composition and interaction with other matter
2. In this experiment, we have taken sodium lamp as the monochromatic source.
By MONOCHROMATIC SOURCE, we mean a light source which emits particle of
particular wavelength and not many wavelengths.
Intensity of fringes also depend upon the air column between lens and the
base.
5. Overall procedure of the experiment
SOURCE- The source of light is MONOCHROMATIC light source.
The rays of light reflects from the glass plate which is adjusted at 45 degree
angle with the horizontal.
After the reflection rays directly goes through plano convex lens.
And when the light passes through the lens circular patterns are observed like
rings , hence this experiment is named as Newton’s Ring experiment.
6. The microscope used in the experiment is travelling microscope i.e. it can be
moved from left to right or vice-versa to observe the width of fringe, after which
the formula of finding wavelength is applied. Microscope contains Vernier scale
and Main scale. Both the reading are noted and applied in formula using LEAST
COUNT of the scale.
7. Why the fringes observed are CIRCULAR
in shape?
Because the lens used in this experiment is Plano-convex lens.
