NEW URBANISM 101: INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW URBANISM
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New Urbanism emerged in the late 20th century as a response to the negative impacts of modernist urban planning from the mid-1900s. The document provides a timeline of influential urban planning projects throughout history starting from ancient Greek and Roman cities to company towns in the 19th century industrial era and early 20th century garden cities. It then outlines the "perfect storm" of factors in the mid-1900s including racism, highway expansion, and modernist ideals that led to the decline of existing urban areas and rise of automobile-dependent suburbs, setting the stage for New Urbanism.
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1) Alberti advocated for straight, broad streets in Renaissance city planning as they conveyed grandeur and security. He argued streets should wind to allow views of buildings from every angle.
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CILT International Professional Development Co-ordinator Jon Harris talks through the basics of SUMP at International Convention 2015
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- 7. American City Planning Timeline
- 8. 1. New Towns Miletus, 5th c. BC Aigues-Mortes, France, 13th c. Savannah, 1733
- 9. Replanning of Rome, 1585-90, Pope Sixtus V L’Enfant’s Plan of Washington, 1791 Versailles Versailles L’Enfant’s Plan of Washington, 1791 Replanning of Rome, 1585-90, Pope Sixtus V The Monumental City
- 10. Siena, Italy Baghdad, Iraq Vezelay, France The Organic City
- 12. Charles Fourier, a Phalanstery, c. 1814
- 13. Pullman, Illinois, 1880 Charles Fourier, a Phalanstery, c. 1814
- 14. Radburn, NJ, 1929 Sunnyside Gardens, NY, 1924
- 15. Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893
- 18. Jane Addams, 1860-1935 Jane Jacobs, 1916-2006
- 20. The Perfect Storm Cheap cars Mortgage guarantees Racism Highway expansion Modernist urbanism
- 23. Robert Owen, “Project for a Village of Cooperation”, 1816
- 24. Saltaire, 1851
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Editor's Notes
- I want to close by saying there are two things that have always bothered me about the transect – its geographic implications, and the issue of when is something a radical juxtaposition of elements and when is it a transect violation What took me a long time to figure out is, it doesn’t matter.The transect provides a language that is integrative, and it allows people to talk about things like distribution, geography, elements of place, in a way that is explicitly geographic, contextual, diverse, regional, and bureaucratic. And that is the value. As we push forward on trying to find ways to make a better world, we are constantly coming up with new strategies, new approaches, new ways of projecting visions, implementing visions, changing structures or not changing structures, the small and the big, and incremental and the grand. My metric for judging the worth of these strategies is to look at whether or not they are able to integrate different approaches. The transect is one that does.
- It’s very unfortunate that there haven’t been better connections made. That there has been infighting Because the real enemies are these Modernist urbanism – CIAM and its polemic (talk about obliterating concepts of place) From Jose Sert’s “Can Our Cities Survive” and this is one of their ingenious solutions Postwar suburbanization – all that post WW II productive capacity expressed itself in phenomenal material growth diverted to the suburbs Now, this was recognized pretty early on, that developments in either of these ways stunk
- The incrementalists have little tolerance for any of these other groups The plan-makers are kind of a sad case because they want to reach out to everyone, but everyone is sort of pissed off at them because they blew it So their affections are basically rejected It took me a long time to figure this out, but now it seems very obvious. But I think it is key to understanding urbanism in America, and I think it should be pasted on the first page of the Charter: Warning: here are the essential, recurrent tensions, and you need to recognize them and work through them The New Urbanists know this