IPQC?
Its Need
In-Process Quality Control tests for Tablets
Hardness
Friability
Thickness
Disintegration Time
Weight variation
Content uniformity
Dissolution test
Leakage testing for strip and blister packaging
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. ... However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms
DEFINITION
Capsules are solid preparations with hard and soft shells of various shapes and capacities, usually containing a single dose of active ingredients.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate immediate release itraconazole pellets and comprehensive studies of the same. The itraconazole pellets is prepared using fluid bed processer with different concentration of HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the excipient studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared pellets were physically evaluated with size, shape, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, hausners ratio, angle of repose, sieve analysis, surface roughness, density, moisture content, assay and drug release etc. The in vitro drug release profile from pellets shows that all the formulation release more than 75% drug within 90min. Optimized formulations were found to have HPMC concentration 2-5% of total weight of pellets to maximize high-quality surface, desired release, and size distribution within the range. These results indicate that pellets containing 10 % HPMC of total weight of pellets give better quality of itraconazole pellets for immediate release. Key Words: Itraconazole, Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and Immediate release.
IPQC?
Its Need
In-Process Quality Control tests for Tablets
Hardness
Friability
Thickness
Disintegration Time
Weight variation
Content uniformity
Dissolution test
Leakage testing for strip and blister packaging
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. ... However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms
DEFINITION
Capsules are solid preparations with hard and soft shells of various shapes and capacities, usually containing a single dose of active ingredients.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate immediate release itraconazole pellets and comprehensive studies of the same. The itraconazole pellets is prepared using fluid bed processer with different concentration of HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the excipient studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The prepared pellets were physically evaluated with size, shape, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, hausners ratio, angle of repose, sieve analysis, surface roughness, density, moisture content, assay and drug release etc. The in vitro drug release profile from pellets shows that all the formulation release more than 75% drug within 90min. Optimized formulations were found to have HPMC concentration 2-5% of total weight of pellets to maximize high-quality surface, desired release, and size distribution within the range. These results indicate that pellets containing 10 % HPMC of total weight of pellets give better quality of itraconazole pellets for immediate release. Key Words: Itraconazole, Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and Immediate release.
Introduction.
Classification .
Drugs used in Coagulant and Anticoagulant Agents
Mechanism of action .
Structure
Synthesis
Adverse Drug Reactions .
Uses.
Reference
Adeeva Life Care Pvt. Ltd. is setup by KPS Clinical Services Pvt. Ltd. (a leading Contract Research Organization) in the auspicious of RAHE Group of Organizations.
Adeeva Life Care is a different kind of pharmaceutical and healthcare products company. We are an India based company focused on management of various kinds of ailments by developing our unique range of innovative products.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. In pre independence days, British Pharmacopeia was used in India.
The colonial addendum of BP 1898 was published in 1900 appeared
as Government of India edition in 1901.
In 1946 Government of India issued one list known as ‘The Indian
Pharmacopeia list’
Committee under chairmanship of Sir R. N. Chopra along with
other nine members prepared ‘The Indian Pharmacopeia list’
It was prepared by Dept. of Health, Govt. of India, Delhi in 1946.
In 1948 Government of India appointed an Indian Pharmacopeia
committee for preparing ‘Pharmacopeia of India’
Tenure of this committee was five years.
Indian Pharmacopeia committee under chairmanship of Dr. B. N.
Ghosh Published first edition of IP in 1955.
3. The Indian Pharmacopoeia 2014 is presented in four volumes. The scope of
the Pharmacopoeia has been extended to include additional anticancer
drugs & antiretroviral drugs and formulations, products of biotechnology,
indigenous herbs and herbal products, veterinary vaccines.
The IP 2014 incorporates 2550 monographs of drugs out of which 577 are
new monographs consisting of APIs, excipient, dosage forms and herbal
products etc.
This edition containing 313 New Monographs on drug substances, Dosage
forms & Pharmaceutical aids (A to Z), 43 New Drugs Substances
Monographs, 10 Antibiotic Monographs, 31 Herbal Monographs, 05
Vaccines & immunosera for human use, 06 Insulin Products, 07
Biotechnology Products etc. along with the 19 new General Chapters.
19 New Radiopharmaceutical Monographs & 1 General chapter is first
time being included in this edition
8. ACICLOVIR-
It is an Antiviral medication.
Used for the treatment of Herpes Simplex virus infection, Chickenpox and
Shingles.
Estimation is done by UV Spectrophotometric (253nm)
ACITRETIN-
Second generation Oral Retinoid.
Typically used for Psoriasis.
Estimation is done by HPLC.
ADEFOVIR-
Orally administered Nucleotide Analog Reverse transcriptase Inhibitor.
Estimated by Spectrophotometric, Liquid chromatography as well as Mass
spectroscopy.
It is used to treat infections with Hepatitis B virus and Herpes
simplex virus.
9. ASPIRIN-
It is a Non steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Used to treat Pain, Fever and Inflammation.
Estimation is done by Back Titration using starch as a Indicator.
AZELASTINE-
It is a Potent, second generation selective Histamine (H1) Antagonist.
Used as first line therapy of mild intermittent and moderate persistent
Rhinitis.
Done by HPLC.
BAMBUTEROL-
It is a long-acting β adrenoceptor agonist
used in the treatment of asthma.
It is a prodrug of Terbutaline.
Done by HPLC.
10. BENAZEPRIL-
It is a Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood
pressure.
Done by UV Spectrophotometric method.
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE-
It is in the peroxide family of chemicals.
It is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Done by HPLC.
BETAXOLOL-
It is a selective beta1 receptor blocker.
used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma.
Done by HPLC.
11. BEZAFIBRATE-
It is a fibrate drug.
used as a lipid-lowering agent to treat hyperlipidaemia. It helps to lower LDL
cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood, and increase HDL.
Done by Reverse HPLC.
BICALCUTAMIDE-
It is an antiandrogen medication.
It is used to treat Prostate Cancer.
Done by UV spectrophotometer
BISACODYL-
It is an organic compound, and a derivative of triphenylmethane.
Used as a Stimulant Relaxant, It is typically prescribed for relief of
constipation and for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction.
Done by IR spectroscopy.
12. CABERGOLINE-
It is an ergot derivative, potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2 receptors.
used as a first-line agent in the management of prolactinomas and in mono
therapy of Parkinsonism.
Done by IR spectroscopy.
CAFFEINE CITRATE-
It is a citrate salt of caffeine.
used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies.
Done by IR Spectroscopy.
CALCIPOTRIOL-
It is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D.
used in the treatment of Chronic plague of psoriasis.
Done by HPLC.
13. CALCITONIN-
Man made Hormone.
used to treat certain bone problems (e.g., Paget's disease, postmenopausal
osteoporosis) and to reduce high blood levels of calcium.
Done by IR spectroscopy.
CARBAZEPINE-
It is an anticonvulsant.
used to treat seizures and nerve pain such as trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic
neuropathy and also used in bipolar disorder.
Done by UV Spectrophotometer.
CARBOPLATIN-
It is a chemotherapy medication.
used to treat a number of forms of cancer like- ovarian cancer, lung cancer,
head and neck cancer, brain cancer & neuroblastoma.
Done by HPLC.
14. CARISOPRODOL-
It is a Muscle Relaxant.
used to relax certain muscles in your body and relieve the discomfort caused
by acute (short-term), painful muscle or bone conditions
Done by liquid chromatography
CEFACLOR-
It is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
used in treatment of some infection caused by bacteria such as pneumonia.
Done by IR Spectroscopy.
15. CEFPIROME-
It is a fourth-generation cephalosporin.
Highly active against Gram –ve bacteria.
Done by UV spectrophotometer.
CELIPROLOL-
It is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, but a β2 receptor partial agonist. It is
also a weak α2 receptor antagonist.
Used in the treatment of High blood pressure.
Done by Reverse phase HPLC
CETRIMIDE-
It is a mixture of different quaternary ammonium salts including cetrimonium
bromide (CTAB).
Used as an Antiseptic and used as an alcohol denaturant.
Done by UV spectrophotometer.
16. CHLORHEXIDINE-
It is a disinfectant and antiseptic .
used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.
Done by HPLC method.
DALTEPARIN SODIUM-
It is low molecular weight Heparin
used for prophylaxis or treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
embolism.
Done by IR spectroscopy.
DESMOPRESSIN-
used to treat diabetes insipid us, bedwetting, hemophilia A, von Willebrand
disease, and high blood urea levels.
Done by Reverse phase HPLC
17. DILTIAZEM-
It is a nondihydropyridine (non-DHP) calcium channel blocker
used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of
arrhythmia.
Done by UV Spectrophotometric.
DIPIVEFRINE-
Prodrug of Epinephrine.
used to treat open-angle glaucoma.
Done by IR spectroscopy.
DIPYRIDAMOLE-
used to dilate blood vessels in people with peripheral arterial disease and
coronary artery disease.
Done by UV Spectrophotometric.
18. DIVALPROEX-
It is an Anticonvulsant.
Used in the treatment of certain types of seizures (epilepsy), manic phase of
bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness), and migraine headaches.
Done by Gas Chromatography.
DOBUTAMINE-
It is a sympathomimetic drug.
used in the treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock.
Done by UV Spectrophotometer.
DOMPERIDONE-
It is a peripherally selective dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist.
Used as an Antiemetic.
Done by UV Spectrophotometer.
19. DOPAMINE-
It is a neurotransmitter and an organic chemical of the catecholamine and
phenethylamine.
Used in the treatment of Parkinsonism Disorder.
DOXAPRAM-
Respiratory Stimulant.
Used to stimulate an increase in tidal volume, and
respiratory rate.
EPHEDRINE-
Obtain from Plant Ephedra.
used to prevent low blood pressure during spinal anesthesia. It has also been
used for asthma, narcolepsy & Obesity
20. EPINASTINE-
It is a second generation antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer.
used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
Produced by Allergen.
EPTIFIBATIDE-
It is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class
cyclic heptapeptide derived from a protein found in the venom of the
southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri). It belongs to the
class of the arginin-glycin-aspartat-mimetics.
ERLOTINIB-
It is a receptor Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer and
several other types of cancer
21. ETHAMBUTOL- Used in the treatment of Tuberculosis.
ETIDRONATE-
Treatment for Paget's disease
also used sometimes to treat and prevent osteoporosis caused by corticosteroids
ETORICOXIB-
Selective COX-2 inhibitor
Used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis, chronic low back pain, acute pain, and gout.
EZETIMIBE- lowers plasma cholesterol levels
22. FAMCICLOVIR-
Guanosine analogue antiviral drug
used for the treatment of various herpes virus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster
(shingles)
FLAVOXATE-
It is an anticholinergic with antimuscarinic effects
used to treat urinary bladder spasms
FLUXACILLIN-
It is a narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class
used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria.
FLUDARABINE- Chemotherapy medication.
used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.
FLUMAZENIL- selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.
used as an antidote in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdoses.
23. FLURMETHOLONE- synthetic glucocorticoid
used in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases
FLUPENTIXOL- typical Antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class.
long-acting injection given once in every two or three weeks to individuals with
schizophrenia
FLURAZEPAM- It is a benzodiazepine derivative
it is used for short-term treatment of patients with mild to moderate insomnia
FLUTICASONE- synthetic glucocorticoid
used as topical anti-inflammatory and inhaled corticosteroids.
FLUVASTATIN- member of the statin drug class
used to treat hypercholesterolemia and to prevent cardiovascular disease.
FLUVOXAMINE- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) and σ1 receptor
agonist. Used for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder , major depressive
disorder and anxiety disorders
24. FLURBIPROFEN- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
indicated as a pre-operative anti-miotic(in an ophthalmic solution) , orally for arthritis or
dental pain.
FOSINIPRIL- Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure
GEMCITABINE- It is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of
cancer
GEMFIBROZIL- belongs to a group of drugs known as Fibrates
It is used to lower lipid level.
HYDROCORTISONE- hormone Cortisol
Used in Adrenocortical insufficiency, Adrenogenital syndrome, high blood calcium,
thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, asthma, and COPD
HYDROXYZINE- First-generation Antihistamine
Used for the treatment of severe cases of itching, hyperalgesia and motion sickness.
25. IMATINIB- chemotherapy medication
used to treat cancer specifically chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic
leukemia
IRBESARTAN- It is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment
of hypertension
IVERMECTIN- It is in list of essential medicines.
used to treat head lice, scabies, river blindness, strongyloidiasis, lymphatic filariasis
LABETALOL- alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist
used to treat high blood pressure
LAMIVUDINE- It is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS
also used to treat Hepatitis-B
LAPATINIB- It is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor which interrupts the HER2/neu and
epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) pathways
It is used in combination therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer
26. ZUCLOPENTHICOL- It as a typical antipsychotic.
medication used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses
ZOPICLONE- It is a non benzodiazepine hypnotic agent
used in the treatment of insomnia.
VOGLIBOSE- It is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
used for lowering post-prandial blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus.
URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID- one of the secondary bile acid
Used in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
TRICLOFOS- sedative drug used rarely for treating insomnia
TRANEXAMIC ACID- Used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major
trauma, post partum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nose bleeds, and heavy
menstruation.
27. SULPRIDE- It is an Atypical Antipsychotic drug
used mainly in the treatment of psychosis associated with schizophrenia and major
depressive disorder, anxiety and mild depression.
SORAFENIB- It is a kinase inhibitor drug.
Used for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and
radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma.
VALPROATE- Include in the list of Essential medication.
used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches
NITROPRUSSIDE- It is used to lower blood pressure.
SULPHADIAZINE- It is an antibiotic.
Used in the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis, otitis media, prevention of rheumatic
fever, chancroid, Chlamydia and infections by Haemophilus influenzae
SERTRALINE- an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class.
Used in depressive disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, panic disorder and social
anxiety disorder.
28. SELEGILINE- selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor
used to reduce symptoms in early-stage Parkinson's disease and depression.
RITODRINE- It is a tocolytic drug used to stop premature labor .
RAECADOTRIL- It is an antidiarrheal drug used in the treatment of diarrhea.
PYRIDOSTIGMINE- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis
PROGESTERONE- Neurosteroid used mainly in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
for menopause, hypogonadism and transgender women
PREDNISOLONE- steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies,
inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.
PAROXETINE- antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) class.
Used to treat major depressive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety
disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
29. NICORANDIL- It is a vasodilator drug used to treat Angina Pectoris.
MUPIROCIN- It is a topical antibiotic
useful against superficial skin infections such as impetigo or folliculitis,
And to treat infection caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
MISOPROSTOL- Used to start labor, cause an abortion, prevent and treat
stomach ulcers, and treat postpartum bleeding.
MIFEPRISTONE - Used with Misoprostol to bring about an abortion.
MIDAZOLAM - Used for anesthesia, procedural sedation, trouble sleeping,
and severe agitation.
METOPROLOL - Selective β1 receptor blocker type.
Used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart,
and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate.
30. MESALAZINE - It is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug.
used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis or
inflamed anus or rectum, and to maintain remission in Cohn's disease.
LORAZEPAM - Benzodiazepine medication.
Used to treat anxiety disorders, trouble sleeping, active seizures including status
epileptics, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy induced nausea and
vomiting.