The document discusses new ideas in Renaissance art compared to Medieval art, including the use of perspective to depict distance and scale more realistically, creating more anatomically accurate and realistic depictions of people, incorporating nature and scenes of everyday life, and portraying religious topics in new ways without halos or unrealistic features. It provides examples like Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical studies, van Eyck's portraits, and Renaissance versions of religious works like The Last Supper that used realistic perspective and people without halos.