1. The document provides guidance on assessing the normal newborn in the nursery or maternity floor. It outlines admission care including history taking, identification, and physical assessment.
2. Assessment includes APGAR scoring initially and monitoring transitional periods. A systematic physical exam is described covering all body systems.
3. Immediate newborn care priorities are outlined as clearing airways, establishing breathing, maintaining temperature, preventing hypoglycemia, and identification. Common reflexes are also reviewed.
Normal newborn care, by Dr Amal Khalil, Dean of Nursing college, Port said University, Port said. Presented in the NICU nursing workshop, organized by Nursing syndicate in Suez canal & Sinai in cooperation with Port said university college of nursing & Port said neonatology society, December,2014 Port said
Newborn Care: The routine care of normal infantsSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: resuscitation at birth, assessing infant size and gestational age, routine care and feeding of both normal and high-risk infants, the prevention, diagnosis and management of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, infection, trauma, bleeding and congenital abnormalities, communication with parents
Normal newborn care, by Dr Amal Khalil, Dean of Nursing college, Port said University, Port said. Presented in the NICU nursing workshop, organized by Nursing syndicate in Suez canal & Sinai in cooperation with Port said university college of nursing & Port said neonatology society, December,2014 Port said
Newborn Care: The routine care of normal infantsSaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: resuscitation at birth, assessing infant size and gestational age, routine care and feeding of both normal and high-risk infants, the prevention, diagnosis and management of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, infection, trauma, bleeding and congenital abnormalities, communication with parents
Placental abruption is premature separation of placenta from the uterus/ in other words separates before childbirth.
It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure
This presentation aims at discussion of the pathophysiology , clinical presentation and management of the different types of intracranial bleeds in a neonate. Special emphasis has been laid on intraventricular hemorrhage. The germinal matrix bleed in a preterm is discussed in depth along with the various evidence based management protocols available. Radiological diagnosis of IVH in a preterm / term baby will be discussed in the upcoming presentations.
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
Pneumothorax is one of the most common air leak syndromes that occurs more frequently in the neonatal period than in any other period of life and is a life-threatening condition associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality.
Presented by Dr. Rupom
Placental abruption is premature separation of placenta from the uterus/ in other words separates before childbirth.
It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure
This presentation aims at discussion of the pathophysiology , clinical presentation and management of the different types of intracranial bleeds in a neonate. Special emphasis has been laid on intraventricular hemorrhage. The germinal matrix bleed in a preterm is discussed in depth along with the various evidence based management protocols available. Radiological diagnosis of IVH in a preterm / term baby will be discussed in the upcoming presentations.
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
Pneumothorax is one of the most common air leak syndromes that occurs more frequently in the neonatal period than in any other period of life and is a life-threatening condition associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality.
Presented by Dr. Rupom
Topic 03: Health Assessment of the Newborn
The newborn requires thorough skilled observation to ensure a satisfactory adjustment to extra uterine life.
Health assessment of newborn after delivery can be divided into:
1. Initial Assessment
2. Transitional Assessment
3. Assessment of gestational age
4. Behavioural asessment
5. Systemic physical examination
Initial Assessment:
Initial assessment is done by using the APGAR scoring system.
APGAR score: It is method use to assess the newborn’s immediate adjustment to extra uterine life.
• The score based on five signs
1. Appearance (colour)
2. Pulse (Heart rate)
3. Grimace (Reflex irritability )
4. Activity (Muscle tone)
5. Respiratory rate
• Each item is given a score 0, 1, or 2
• 0-3 severe distress
• 4-6 moderate difficulty
• 7-10 no difficulty adjusting to life
• Evaluations of all five categories are made on 1-5 min after birth.
APGAR score:
Sign 0 1 2
Appearance (colour) Blue or pale Body pink, Extrimities Blue Completely Pink
Pulse (Heart rate) Absent Slow (<100 /> 100/m
Grimace (Reflex irritability ) No response Grimace Cough Or Sneeze
Activity(Muscle tone Limp Some flexion Active movement
Respiratory rate Absent Slow, Irregular Good, Crying
Other initial assessment are-
• Stabilization
• Measuring weight.
Transitional Assessment during the period of reactivity
First period of reactivity (6- 8 hours after birth):
During the first 30 minutes the newborn is very alert, cries vigorously, may suck a first greedily, and appears very interested in the environment. Physiologically the respiratory rate can be as high as 80 breaths/ min, crackles may be heard, heart rate may reach 180 beats/min, bowel sound are active, mucus secretions are increased and temperature may decrease slightly.
Second period of reactivity:
Began when the newborn awake from the deep sleep, it lasts about 2-5 hours. The newborn is alert and responsive, heart and respiratory rate are increased, gastric and respiratory secretions are increased, and passage of meconium commonly occurs.
Following this stage is a period of stabilization of physiologic systems & vacillating patern of sleep & activity.
Gestational Age Assessment
An accurate assessment of age is important for 2 reasons
• Age and growth patterns appropriate to that age aid in identifying neonatal risks
• Help in developing management plans
Gestational age can measure by weight for gestational age chart.
Gestational Age Number of weeks that have elapsed since the first day of the last menstrual period to the time of birth. This is usually retrieved from mother’s Antenatal History.
Gestational Age:
• SGA- small for gestational age-weight below 10th percentile •
• AGA-weight between 10 and 90th percentiles
• LGA-weight above 90th percentile
Behavioural Assessment
While babies may not speak their first word for a year, they are born
Health Assessment of the Newborn
The newborn requires thorough skilled observation to ensure a satisfactory adjustment to extra uterine life.
Health assessment of newborn after delivery can be divided into:
1. Initial Assessment
2. Transitional Assessment
3. Assessment of gestational age
4. Behavioural asessment
5. Systemic physical examination
Initial Assessment:
Initial assessment is done by using the APGAR scoring system.
APGAR score: It is method use to assess the newborn’s immediate adjustment to extra uterine life.
• The score based on five signs
1. Appearance (colour)
2. Pulse (Heart rate)
3. Grimace (Reflex irritability )
4. Activity (Muscle tone)
5. Respiratory rate
• Each item is given a score 0, 1, or 2
• 0-3 severe distress
• 4-6 moderate difficulty
• 7-10 no difficulty adjusting to life
• Evaluations of all five categories are made on 1-5 min after birth.
APGAR score:
Sign 0 1 2
Appearance (colour) Blue or pale Body pink, Extrimities Blue Completely Pink
Pulse (Heart rate) Absent Slow (<100 /> 100/m
Grimace (Reflex irritability ) No response Grimace Cough Or Sneeze
Activity(Muscle tone Limp Some flexion Active movement
Respiratory rate Absent Slow, Irregular Good, Crying
Other initial assessment are-
• Stabilization
• Measuring weight.
Transitional Assessment during the period of reactivity
First period of reactivity (6- 8 hours after birth):
During the first 30 minutes the newborn is very alert, cries vigorously, may suck a first greedily, and appears very interested in the environment. Physiologically the respiratory rate can be as high as 80 breaths/ min, crackles may be heard, heart rate may reach 180 beats/min, bowel sound are active, mucus secretions are increased and temperature may decrease slightly.
Second period of reactivity:
Began when the newborn awake from the deep sleep, it lasts about 2-5 hours. The newborn is alert and responsive, heart and respiratory rate are increased, gastric and respiratory secretions are increased, and passage of meconium commonly occurs.
Following this stage is a period of stabilization of physiologic systems & vacillating patern of sleep & activity.
Introduction of Newborn
Definition of newborn:
A baby from birth to 28 days of age is called newborn.
Classification of newborn:
According to gestation and birth weight newborn are classified as follows:
1. Gestation:
Preterm : < 37 completed weeks of gestation
Term : 37 to 42 weeks
Post -term : > 42 completed weeks
2. Birth Weight:
Normal birth weight : 2500 g – 4000g
Low birth weight : < 2500g
Very low birth weight : < 1500g
Extreme low birth weight : < 1000g
3. Birth Weight & Gestation:
Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) : Birth weight between 10th & 90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) : Birth weight <10th>90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Criteria of a normal term newborn infant:
A normal newborn has all of the following features:
1. Gestation : 37 to 42 completed weeks
2. Birth weight: Between 2500g & 4000g.
3. Breathing: Spontaneous, regular & rate between 30- 60 per minute.
4. Colour : Pink but slight peripheral cyanosis soon after birth is normal.
5. Heart rate: 100-160 beats per minute.
6. Axillary temperature: 97.5 -99˚F
7. Normal baby should be able to suck after birth.
8. Most babies pass urine within 24 hours of birth but some babies may not pass urine up to 48 hours of birth.
9. Most babies will pass meconium within 24 hours a day.
10. A newborn baby sleeps baby sleeps around 18 hours a day.
11. No apparent congenital malformation.
This slide contain detail description of basic terminologies, neonatal (head to toe examination) assessment, neonatal reflexes, minor physiological handicaps of newborn
Immediate care of newborn, midwifery and obstetrical nursingNursing education
Having brief knowledge regarding immediate care of newborn The time of birth is one of transition from intrauterine life to an independent existence and call for many adjustment in the physiology of the baby. Normal infant are at low risk of developing problems in the new born period and therefore, require primary care only. That’s means the, new born care is comprehensive strategy designed to improve the health of newborn through intervention just soon after birth, in post natal ward and up to 28 days.
Essential care of the normal healthy neonates can be provided by the mothers under supervision of nursing personnel or basic or primary health care provider. About 80% of the newborn babies should be kept with their mothers rather than in separate nursery. The immediate care after birth is simple but very important. The baby has just come from warm quit uterus. So be gentle with the baby and keep the warm.
DEFINITION-
Newborn is the child of the first month of the life and transition of intrauterine life to extrauterine life.
Purposes-
1) To establish, maintain and support respiration
2) To prevent injury and infection
3) To provide warmth and prevent hypothermia
4) To identify actual or potential that may require immediate attention
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. 2
Introduction:
1. Definition of neonatal period:
• A period from birth 4 weeks
postnatal.
After the initial observation for
neonatal condition requiring immediate
intervention, the baby is sent to the
normal newborn nursery or maternity floor for
the purpose of follow up and stabilization.
3. 3
The role of the neonatal
nurse & physician inside the
normal newborn nursery or
maternity floor:
4. Admission Care:
The role of the nurse is:
• To carry out good interpersonal communication.
• To take complete history about the mother and
neonate.
• To be sure that the neonate has identification
band.
• To perform complete physical assessment
• Prevention of hemorrhage (administer Vit. K if not4
5. Assessment:
• The initial assessment:
APGAR scoring system
Purpose
Is to assess the newborn’s
immediate adjustment to extra uterine life
5
6. 6
Transitional assessment (Periods of
reactivity):
I) First period of reactivity:
Stage 1: During the first 30 min. through
which the baby is characterized as
Physiologically unstable , very alert, cries
vigorously, may suck a fist greedily, &
appears very interested in the environment.
7. 7
Stage 2: It lasts for about 2-4 hours,
through this period; all Vital Signs & mucus
production are decreased. The newborn is
in state of sleep and relative calm.
8. 8
II) Second period of reactivity: it lasts for
about 2-5 hours, through which the newborn
is alert and responsive, heart & respiratory
rate, gastric & respiratory secretions are
increased & passage of meconium commonly
occurs.
Following this stage is a period of
stabilization through which the baby becomes
physiologically stable & a vacillating pattern
of sleep and activity.
13. 13
Skin: General description:
At birth;
Color: bright red,
Texture: soft and has good elasticity
Edema: is seen around eye, face, and
scrotum or labia
Cyanosis: of hands & feet
(Acrocynosis)
16. 16
1. Vernix Caseosa: Soft yellowish cream
layer that may thickly cover the skin of
the newborn, or it may be found only in
the body creases and between the labia.
The debate of wash it off or to keep
it.
18. 18
2. Lanugo hair:
- Distribution
a. The more premature baby is, the heavier
the presence of Lanugo is.
B. It disappears during the first weeks of
life
20. 20
3. Mongolian spots:
Black coloration on the lower back, buttocks,
anterior trunk, & around the wrist or ankle.
They are not bruise marks or a sign of mental
retardation, they usually disappear during
preschool years without any treatment.
24. 24
4. Desquamation:
Peeling of the skin over the areas of
bony prominence that occurs within 2-4
weeks of life because of pressure and
erosion of sheets.
27. 6. Milia:
• Small white or yellow pinpoint spots.
• Common on the nose, forehead, & chin of
the newborn infants due to accumulations
of secretions from the sweat & sebaceous
glands that have not yet drain normally.
• They will disappear within 1-2 weeks, they
should not expressed.
27
29. 29
7.Head:
The Anterior fontanel: is diamond in shape,
located at the junction of 2 parietal & frontal
bones. It is 2-3 cm in width & 3-4 cm in
length. It closes between 12-18 months of
age.
The posterior fontanel: is triangular in shape,
located between the parietal & occipital
bones.
30. • Fontanels should be flat, soft, & firm.
• It bulges when the baby cries or if
there is increased in ICP.
• Two conditions may appear in the
head:
- Caput succedaneum &
- Cephalhematoma
30
34. 34
Cephalhematoma:
Cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal collection
of blood secondary to rupture of blood vessels
between the skull and the periosteum, in which
bleeding is limited by suture lines (never cross
the suture lines).
37. 37
8. Eyes:
- Usually edematous eye lids
- Gray in color. True color is not determined
until the age of 3-6 months.
- Pupil: React to light
- Absence of tears
- Blinking reflex is present in response to
touch
- Can not follow an object (Rudimentary
52. 52
System assessment of the
neonates:
1. Gastrointestinal System:
Mouth should be examined for
abnormalities such as cleft lip and/or cleft
palate.
Epstein pearls are brittle, white, shine spots
near the center of the hard palate. They
mark the fusion of the 2 hollows of the
palate. If any; it will disappear in time.
55. 55
Cheeks: Have a chubby appearance
due to development of fatty sucking
pads that help to create negative
pressure inside the mouth which
facilitates sucking.
68. 68
15. Respiratory system Cont. :
Respiratory is chiefly abdominal
Cough reflex is absent at birth, present by
1-2 days postnatal.
Possible signs of RDS are:
- Cyanosis other than hands & feet.
- Flaring of nostrils.
- Expiratory grunt-heard with or without
stethoscope.
71. 71
Female genitalia Cont.
• Labia & Clitoris
are usually
edematous.
• Urethral meatus is
located behind the
clitoris.
• Vernix Caseosa is
present between
labia
72. 72
Normal Male genitalia
• Urethral opening is at
tip of glans pens.
• Testes are palpable in
each scrotum.
• Scrotum is usually
pigmented, pendulous
& covered with rugae.
73. 73
17. Endocrine system:
Swollen breasts:
Appears on 3rd
day in both sex, & lasts for
2-3 weeks and gradually disappears without
treatment.
N.B: The breasts should not be expressed
as this may result in infection or tissue
damage.
80. 80
Immediate Care of the Newborn:
1. Clear airway
2. Established respiration
3. Maintenance of body temperature
4. Protection from Hypoglycemia
5. Identification.
81. 81
APGAR Score
Score /
Item
2 1 zero
Heart beats > 100 b/min
Strong
< 100 b/min
Or weak beats
No heart
beats
Cry &
breathing
Strong
crying
weak crying /
irregular
breathing
No cry /
breathing
Color Pink body &
face
Pink body & blue
extremities
Pale or
blue body
Movement &
tone
Active Some movements Flaccid
Grimace Try to keep
cath. away
Grimace of face No
response
82. 82
The Four modalities by which the
infant lost his/ her body temperature:
1- Evaporation:
Heat loss that resulted from
expenditure of internal thermal energy to
convert liquid on an exposed surface to
gases, e.g.: amniotic fluid, sweat.
Prevention:
Carefully dry the infant
after delivery or after bathing.
83. 83
2- Conduction:
Heat loss occurred from
direct contact between body surface
and cooler solid object.
Prevention:
Warm all objects before
the infant comes into contact with
them.
84. 84
3- Convection:
Heat loss is resulted from
exposure of an infant to direct source of
air draft.
Prevention:
· Keep infant out of drafts
· Close one end of heat
shield in incubator to reduce
velocity of air.
85. 85
4- Radiation:
It occurred from body
surface to relatively distant objects that
are cooler than skin temperature.
86. 86
*) General management:
1- Infant should be warmed quickly by wrapping
in a warm towel.
2- Uses extra clothes or blankets to keep the
baby warm.
3- If the infant is in incubator, increase the
incubator’s temperature.
4- Use hot water bottle (its temperature 50 °C).
5- Food given or even intravenous solution
should be warm.
6- Avoid exposure to direct source of air drafts.
7- Check body temperature frequently.
8- Give antibiotic if infection is present.
88. Reflexes
Includes :
• The Moro, startle
• Palmer and planter grasps
• Sucking and rooting and swallowing reflexes
• Tonic neck reflex
• Stepping
• Babinski sign
89. Moro Reflex or startle reflex
• Quick change in the infant's position will cause the
infant to throw the arms outward, open the hands, and
throw back the head.
89
90. Palmer grasp
• Palmer and plantar grasp - the infant's fingers
or toes will curl around a finger placed in the
area.
90
91. Planter grasp
• Palmer and plantar grasp - the infant's fingers or toes
will curl around a finger placed in the area
91
92. Babniski reflex
• The infant's foot is stroked, the toes will
extend upward.
Immediate care of newborn 92
93. Rooting reflex
• This reflex begins when the corner of the baby's
mouth is stroked or touched.
93
94. Sucking reflex
• When the roof of the baby's mouth is touched, the
baby will begin to suck.
94
95. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
• Tonic neck reflex - When a baby's head is turned to
one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the
opposite arm bends up at the elbow.
95
96. Dance or step reflex
• This reflex is also called the walking or dance reflex
because a baby appears to take steps or dance when
held upright with his/her feet touching a solid surface.
96