This chapter discusses preterm and postterm newborns. It begins by defining preterm as less than 38 weeks gestation and outlines some of the risks associated with preterm birth such as higher rates of death and birth defects. Some of the problems that can occur with preterm birth are then discussed in more detail, including respiratory distress syndrome, apnea, sepsis and hypothermia. Nursing care is also outlined for various problems including monitoring vital signs, minimal handling and maintaining warmth for thermoregulation.
The document discusses various ways to prevent accidents and injuries in children. It outlines education programs for parents and children, modifications to the social and physical environment like road design and traffic laws, and changes to product design. Specific prevention strategies are provided for common causes of childhood injury like road accidents, drowning, burns, bites, and poisonings. Engineering road designs, close supervision of children, safe storage of hazardous items, and first aid training are emphasized as effective measures to reduce injury risks for children.
This document provides information on newborn characteristics, assessment, and care. It describes the typical physical attributes of newborns such as weight, length, skin appearance. Vital signs at birth and how they adjust in the first hours are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of thoroughly assessing the newborn to identify any issues and ensure healthy transition after birth. Key parts of physical exam and Apgar scoring are explained. Guidelines for routine newborn care like cleaning, feeding, and rooming-in with mothers are provided.
Title: "Comprehensive Care of Pediatric Patients on Ventilators: A Guide for 3rd Year BSN Students"
Slide Description:
Welcome to our presentation on the "Care of Child on Ventilator," designed specifically for 3rd-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential aspects of providing high-quality care to pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Slide 1: Introduction
- Provide an overview of the presentation's content.
- Highlight the importance of understanding pediatric ventilation care for nursing students.
- Set the stage for an in-depth exploration of the topic.
Slide 2: Pediatric Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
- Explain the unique characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system.
- Discuss how these differences impact the care of ventilated children.
Slide 3: Indications for Pediatric Ventilation
- Enumerate common medical conditions necessitating ventilator support in children.
- Emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Slide 4: Types of Pediatric Ventilators
- Describe the various types of ventilators used in pediatric care.
- Highlight their features and functionalities.
Slide 5: Ventilator Settings and Modes
- Explain the key ventilator settings and modes relevant to pediatric patients.
- Provide practical insights into their adjustment and monitoring.
Slide 6: Nursing Assessment
- Outline the comprehensive nursing assessment required for children on ventilators.
- Discuss the importance of monitoring vital signs and respiratory parameters.
Slide 7: Pediatric Ventilation Troubleshooting
- Address common issues and complications that may arise during ventilation.
- Offer guidance on troubleshooting and appropriate nursing interventions.
Slide 8: Infection Control and Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
- Discuss the significance of infection prevention in ventilated pediatric patients.
- Share best practices for minimizing the risk of VAP.
Slide 9: Family-Centered Care
- Stress the importance of involving families in the care process.
- Provide strategies for effective communication and support.
Slide 10: Case Studies and Clinical Scenarios
- Present real-life case studies and clinical scenarios to enhance practical understanding.
- Encourage active participation and problem-solving among students.
Slide 11: Nursing Responsibilities and Ethical Considerations
- Detail the ethical considerations surrounding pediatric ventilation care.
- Highlight the responsibilities of nurses in advocating for their young patients.
Slide 12: Conclusion and Resources
- Summarize key takeaways from the presentation.
- Provide references and resources for further learning.
Slide 13: Q&A
- Open the floor for questions and discussions.
- Foster an interactive learning environment.
Slide 14: Thank You
- Express gratitude for the audience's participation.
- Provide contact information for further inquiries.
This document provides information on triage, assessment, and emergency treatment of pediatric patients. It defines triage as sorting patients by priority based on needs and resources. Children are categorized as having emergency signs requiring immediate treatment, priority signs warranting faster assessment and treatment, or being non-urgent. Emergency signs include problems with airway, breathing, circulation, coma, convulsions, or severe dehydration. Priority signs include young infants, fever/high temperature, severe trauma/injuries, severe anemia, poisoning, severe pain, lethargy, respiratory distress, or an urgent referral. The document describes how to assess and manage each of these emergency and priority signs.
Respiratory physiology & Respiratory Distress syndrome in a newborn.Sonali Paradhi Mhatre
Hi guys, This ppt shows the pathophysiology of pulmonary surfactant in newborn and respiratory distress syndrome. Main focus is towards management of RDS esp. exogenous surfactant administration. Your comments are welcome. Thank you.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by surfactant deficiency in premature infants. Surfactant is produced in the lungs beginning at 24 weeks gestation and reaches mature levels after 35 weeks. In RDS, insufficient surfactant causes high surface tension in the lungs, making it difficult to expand the alveoli and exchange gases. Treatment involves supportive care like oxygen therapy and CPAP to prevent alveolar collapse. Surfactant replacement therapy reduces mortality and chronic lung disease by administering natural or synthetic surfactant to replace deficient levels.
The document discusses the nasogastric tube insertion procedure and feeding. It describes inserting a tube through the nose and into the stomach to administer feeding or remove gastric contents. Key steps include measuring the tube length, lubricating and inserting it while having the patient swallow, then checking the placement. Feeding is then given by filling a syringe with formula and allowing it to flow through the tube into the stomach by gravity in small amounts. Residual contents are checked before and after feeding.
The document discusses various ways to prevent accidents and injuries in children. It outlines education programs for parents and children, modifications to the social and physical environment like road design and traffic laws, and changes to product design. Specific prevention strategies are provided for common causes of childhood injury like road accidents, drowning, burns, bites, and poisonings. Engineering road designs, close supervision of children, safe storage of hazardous items, and first aid training are emphasized as effective measures to reduce injury risks for children.
This document provides information on newborn characteristics, assessment, and care. It describes the typical physical attributes of newborns such as weight, length, skin appearance. Vital signs at birth and how they adjust in the first hours are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of thoroughly assessing the newborn to identify any issues and ensure healthy transition after birth. Key parts of physical exam and Apgar scoring are explained. Guidelines for routine newborn care like cleaning, feeding, and rooming-in with mothers are provided.
Title: "Comprehensive Care of Pediatric Patients on Ventilators: A Guide for 3rd Year BSN Students"
Slide Description:
Welcome to our presentation on the "Care of Child on Ventilator," designed specifically for 3rd-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential aspects of providing high-quality care to pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Slide 1: Introduction
- Provide an overview of the presentation's content.
- Highlight the importance of understanding pediatric ventilation care for nursing students.
- Set the stage for an in-depth exploration of the topic.
Slide 2: Pediatric Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
- Explain the unique characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system.
- Discuss how these differences impact the care of ventilated children.
Slide 3: Indications for Pediatric Ventilation
- Enumerate common medical conditions necessitating ventilator support in children.
- Emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention.
Slide 4: Types of Pediatric Ventilators
- Describe the various types of ventilators used in pediatric care.
- Highlight their features and functionalities.
Slide 5: Ventilator Settings and Modes
- Explain the key ventilator settings and modes relevant to pediatric patients.
- Provide practical insights into their adjustment and monitoring.
Slide 6: Nursing Assessment
- Outline the comprehensive nursing assessment required for children on ventilators.
- Discuss the importance of monitoring vital signs and respiratory parameters.
Slide 7: Pediatric Ventilation Troubleshooting
- Address common issues and complications that may arise during ventilation.
- Offer guidance on troubleshooting and appropriate nursing interventions.
Slide 8: Infection Control and Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
- Discuss the significance of infection prevention in ventilated pediatric patients.
- Share best practices for minimizing the risk of VAP.
Slide 9: Family-Centered Care
- Stress the importance of involving families in the care process.
- Provide strategies for effective communication and support.
Slide 10: Case Studies and Clinical Scenarios
- Present real-life case studies and clinical scenarios to enhance practical understanding.
- Encourage active participation and problem-solving among students.
Slide 11: Nursing Responsibilities and Ethical Considerations
- Detail the ethical considerations surrounding pediatric ventilation care.
- Highlight the responsibilities of nurses in advocating for their young patients.
Slide 12: Conclusion and Resources
- Summarize key takeaways from the presentation.
- Provide references and resources for further learning.
Slide 13: Q&A
- Open the floor for questions and discussions.
- Foster an interactive learning environment.
Slide 14: Thank You
- Express gratitude for the audience's participation.
- Provide contact information for further inquiries.
This document provides information on triage, assessment, and emergency treatment of pediatric patients. It defines triage as sorting patients by priority based on needs and resources. Children are categorized as having emergency signs requiring immediate treatment, priority signs warranting faster assessment and treatment, or being non-urgent. Emergency signs include problems with airway, breathing, circulation, coma, convulsions, or severe dehydration. Priority signs include young infants, fever/high temperature, severe trauma/injuries, severe anemia, poisoning, severe pain, lethargy, respiratory distress, or an urgent referral. The document describes how to assess and manage each of these emergency and priority signs.
Respiratory physiology & Respiratory Distress syndrome in a newborn.Sonali Paradhi Mhatre
Hi guys, This ppt shows the pathophysiology of pulmonary surfactant in newborn and respiratory distress syndrome. Main focus is towards management of RDS esp. exogenous surfactant administration. Your comments are welcome. Thank you.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by surfactant deficiency in premature infants. Surfactant is produced in the lungs beginning at 24 weeks gestation and reaches mature levels after 35 weeks. In RDS, insufficient surfactant causes high surface tension in the lungs, making it difficult to expand the alveoli and exchange gases. Treatment involves supportive care like oxygen therapy and CPAP to prevent alveolar collapse. Surfactant replacement therapy reduces mortality and chronic lung disease by administering natural or synthetic surfactant to replace deficient levels.
The document discusses the nasogastric tube insertion procedure and feeding. It describes inserting a tube through the nose and into the stomach to administer feeding or remove gastric contents. Key steps include measuring the tube length, lubricating and inserting it while having the patient swallow, then checking the placement. Feeding is then given by filling a syringe with formula and allowing it to flow through the tube into the stomach by gravity in small amounts. Residual contents are checked before and after feeding.
This document provides an algorithm and guidelines for endotracheal intubation in neonates. It outlines the indications for intubation, necessary equipment, proper technique including positioning, visualizing the glottis, confirming tube placement, actions after intubation, and complications to minimize. Key steps include preparing the laryngoscope and selecting the appropriately sized endotracheal tube based on gestational age and weight. Placement is confirmed through bilateral breath sounds, chest rise, and monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide levels.
This document discusses neonatal hematological disorders, including physiological anemia of the newborn, pathological anemia, and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Physiological anemia occurs as hemoglobin levels normally decrease after birth. Pathological anemias can result from blood loss, hemolysis, or diminished red blood cell production. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is caused by vitamin K deficiency and can cause bleeding at injection sites, in the GI tract, or intracranially. Treatment involves vitamin K supplementation to prevent hemorrhagic disease, and blood transfusions to treat blood loss or low hemoglobin levels.
This document provides information on pediatric intravenous cannulation. It defines pediatric IV cannulation as inserting a cannula into a child's vein to administer medications, fluids, blood or nutrition. The document outlines indications for IV cannulation in children and discusses sites to avoid. It also describes the proper procedure for pediatric IV insertion including preparing the child, identifying appropriate veins, inserting the cannula, securing it, and documenting the process. Potential complications of improper cannulation are explained as well as a scale for assessing infusion phlebitis.
Dog bites are common, with about 4.7 million Americans bitten each year, including many children. While stray dogs can bite, most bites come from dogs familiar to the victim. It's important to see a doctor for any dog bite, as they can become infected. Doctors will clean and possibly suture the wound, and may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. For unknown dogs, doctors will also ensure vaccinations are up to date and administer a rabies vaccine if needed. Proper treatment and care of dog bites can help ensure they heal properly.
1. This document provides guidance on stabilizing newborns, including maintaining normal blood glucose levels, temperature, airway management, blood pressure, and common lab tests. It outlines risks for hypoglycemia and hypothermia and treatments.
2. Details are given on ventilation settings, intubation size, analgesia options, and managing respiratory conditions like transient tachypnea of the newborn, pulmonary hypertension, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
3. Factors contributing to shock, sepsis screening, and fluid resuscitation are reviewed. Blood pressure support may include fluids and dopamine. Common lab tests include complete blood count, blood culture, blood glucose, and blood gas analysis.
“A restraint is any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his/her arms, legs, body or head freely” (e.g. -Safe keeper bed, Posey bed, safety mitt, soft limb restraint), or a restraint is a drug or medication when it is used as a restriction to manage the patient's behavior or restrict the patient's freedom of movement and is not standard treatment or dosage for the patient's condition A restraint does not include devices, such as orthopedically prescribed devices, surgical dressings or bandages, protective helmets, or other methods that involve the physical holding of a patient for the purpose of conducting routine physical examinations or tests, or to protect the patient from falling out of bed, or to permit the patient to participate in activities without the risk of physical harm., side rails, airways, trapeze etc.
A reflexes is an involuntary or automatic action that your body does in response to something without even to think about it.
Normally developing newborn should respond to certain stimuli with these reflexes.
This document discusses the management of childhood poisoning. It notes that poisoning is commonly accidental in young children and can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Initial management focuses on stabilizing the airway, breathing, and circulation. Depending on the poison, techniques may include activated charcoal, gastric lavage, whole bowel irrigation, or enhanced elimination. Specific poisons like kerosene often cause inhalation injuries and require airway support. Caustics can cause burns that require endoscopy and monitoring for perforation. Overall the document outlines the general and specific approaches to treating different types of childhood poisonings.
The document outlines the European Resuscitation Council's guidelines for resuscitation in 2021. It discusses the differences between trauma and non-trauma life support, and describes the various types of life support including basic, neonatal, and advanced. It provides guidance on classifying age groups for pediatric advanced life support and outlines the CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) approach. Steps are presented for evaluating an unresponsive victim, opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, determining if chest compressions are needed, performing compressions, and re-evaluating the victim.
This document provides instructions for properly injecting insulin. It discusses recommended injection sites on the body including the abdomen, arms, thighs, buttocks, and hips. It then outlines the steps to inject insulin which includes washing hands, mixing the insulin, drawing it into the syringe, checking for air bubbles, choosing an injection site, and administering the injection. Finally, it discusses modern insulin delivery devices like disposable pens and permanent pens and provides tips for properly storing insulin.
The document provides information on skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding of newborns. It discusses the benefits of full skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, including warmth, comfort, metabolic adaptation and bonding. The document also outlines the advantages of breastfeeding, such as protection from infection for the baby and health benefits for the mother. Finally, it provides guidance on successful breastfeeding practices like proper positioning and attachment, frequent feeding, and addressing common issues.
This document provides an overview of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. NEC is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight neonates. Key points include that prematurity is the greatest risk factor, enteral feeding can increase risk but is also necessary for treatment, and abnormal gut microbiota and immature intestinal barriers may allow pathogenic bacteria to translocate and cause inflammation. Diagnosis involves imaging and lab tests. Treatment involves bowel rest, antibiotics, and potentially surgery for severe cases.
This document provides an assessment of typical infant development from 0-12 months across several domains: cognitive, physical, social-emotional, and language. It outlines developmental milestones and behaviors expected at different age ranges in each domain. For example, cognitively infants may imitate sounds by 3 months and search for hidden objects by 6 months. Physically, infants may roll from back to front by 4 months and sit unsupported by 8 months. Socially and emotionally, infants begin to recognize familiar people by 5 months and check with caregivers for needs by 10 months. In language, infants may coo and babble by 3 months and say first words by 12 months.
1) The first 24 hours of life require immediate care of the newborn to establish respiratory function, provide warmth, and ensure safety from injury and infection.
2) Key aspects of immediate newborn care include clearing the airway, maintaining temperature, assessing with the APGAR score, and providing identification.
3) Procedures like drying, positioning, suctioning, cord clamping and eye care help support the newborn's transition to extrauterine life. Vital signs, reflexes and growth are also assessed.
Care of patients with hemiplegia at hospital andJUSTIN THOMAS
This document discusses the care and positioning of patients with hemiplegia in the hospital and at home. It describes how patients should be repositioned every 2 hours to prevent complications like bedsores, contractures and pneumonia. Specific positions are recommended for unconscious patients, quadriplegic patients, and those with flaccid or spastic limbs. The hand and arm of hemiplegic patients should be supported in neutral positions to prevent contractures. Proper positioning is important for patient comfort and recovery.
This document provides information on airway management and choking. It outlines the steps to take for an obstructed airway in adults, children, and babies. For adults, it describes checking for danger, asking if they are choking, telling them you will help, checking their airway, performing back blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is cleared. For children and babies, it similarly outlines delivering back slaps or chest thrusts. It notes that if someone becomes unconscious while choking, you should start CPR. Statistics on choking in the UK are also presented, and trainees are instructed to demonstrate choking response techniques on dummies for assessment.
This document provides pediatric vital sign reference ranges for different age groups. It includes normal body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure ranges. Lower age groups have higher metabolic rates, resulting in slightly elevated temperatures compared to older children. Formulas and general rules are also outlined to estimate vital signs based on age. Rapid assessment of vital signs can help identify potential medical issues in children like decreased blood pressure, abnormal breathing patterns, or altered mental status. Reference ranges vary by age from newborns to adolescents.
This document provides information on the use of a laryngoscope, including indications, contraindications, and procedures. It is used prior to intubation in infants for conditions like neonatal asphyxia or respiratory distress, and in older children for resuscitation or anesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy is also used to examine the larynx for issues like cord palsy or foreign bodies. The procedure involves lubricating and advancing the laryngoscope behind the epiglottis while examining various structures, with risks including mechanical injury or stimulating a vago-vagal response.
definition and normal values and all if more info. needed comment below.
follow me for more ppt's. i'll make and share all content i have.
thank you
:)
Introduction of Newborn
Definition of newborn:
A baby from birth to 28 days of age is called newborn.
Classification of newborn:
According to gestation and birth weight newborn are classified as follows:
1. Gestation:
Preterm : < 37 completed weeks of gestation
Term : 37 to 42 weeks
Post -term : > 42 completed weeks
2. Birth Weight:
Normal birth weight : 2500 g – 4000g
Low birth weight : < 2500g
Very low birth weight : < 1500g
Extreme low birth weight : < 1000g
3. Birth Weight & Gestation:
Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) : Birth weight between 10th & 90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) : Birth weight <10th>90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Criteria of a normal term newborn infant:
A normal newborn has all of the following features:
1. Gestation : 37 to 42 completed weeks
2. Birth weight: Between 2500g & 4000g.
3. Breathing: Spontaneous, regular & rate between 30- 60 per minute.
4. Colour : Pink but slight peripheral cyanosis soon after birth is normal.
5. Heart rate: 100-160 beats per minute.
6. Axillary temperature: 97.5 -99˚F
7. Normal baby should be able to suck after birth.
8. Most babies pass urine within 24 hours of birth but some babies may not pass urine up to 48 hours of birth.
9. Most babies will pass meconium within 24 hours a day.
10. A newborn baby sleeps baby sleeps around 18 hours a day.
11. No apparent congenital malformation.
This document provides an algorithm and guidelines for endotracheal intubation in neonates. It outlines the indications for intubation, necessary equipment, proper technique including positioning, visualizing the glottis, confirming tube placement, actions after intubation, and complications to minimize. Key steps include preparing the laryngoscope and selecting the appropriately sized endotracheal tube based on gestational age and weight. Placement is confirmed through bilateral breath sounds, chest rise, and monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide levels.
This document discusses neonatal hematological disorders, including physiological anemia of the newborn, pathological anemia, and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Physiological anemia occurs as hemoglobin levels normally decrease after birth. Pathological anemias can result from blood loss, hemolysis, or diminished red blood cell production. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is caused by vitamin K deficiency and can cause bleeding at injection sites, in the GI tract, or intracranially. Treatment involves vitamin K supplementation to prevent hemorrhagic disease, and blood transfusions to treat blood loss or low hemoglobin levels.
This document provides information on pediatric intravenous cannulation. It defines pediatric IV cannulation as inserting a cannula into a child's vein to administer medications, fluids, blood or nutrition. The document outlines indications for IV cannulation in children and discusses sites to avoid. It also describes the proper procedure for pediatric IV insertion including preparing the child, identifying appropriate veins, inserting the cannula, securing it, and documenting the process. Potential complications of improper cannulation are explained as well as a scale for assessing infusion phlebitis.
Dog bites are common, with about 4.7 million Americans bitten each year, including many children. While stray dogs can bite, most bites come from dogs familiar to the victim. It's important to see a doctor for any dog bite, as they can become infected. Doctors will clean and possibly suture the wound, and may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. For unknown dogs, doctors will also ensure vaccinations are up to date and administer a rabies vaccine if needed. Proper treatment and care of dog bites can help ensure they heal properly.
1. This document provides guidance on stabilizing newborns, including maintaining normal blood glucose levels, temperature, airway management, blood pressure, and common lab tests. It outlines risks for hypoglycemia and hypothermia and treatments.
2. Details are given on ventilation settings, intubation size, analgesia options, and managing respiratory conditions like transient tachypnea of the newborn, pulmonary hypertension, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
3. Factors contributing to shock, sepsis screening, and fluid resuscitation are reviewed. Blood pressure support may include fluids and dopamine. Common lab tests include complete blood count, blood culture, blood glucose, and blood gas analysis.
“A restraint is any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his/her arms, legs, body or head freely” (e.g. -Safe keeper bed, Posey bed, safety mitt, soft limb restraint), or a restraint is a drug or medication when it is used as a restriction to manage the patient's behavior or restrict the patient's freedom of movement and is not standard treatment or dosage for the patient's condition A restraint does not include devices, such as orthopedically prescribed devices, surgical dressings or bandages, protective helmets, or other methods that involve the physical holding of a patient for the purpose of conducting routine physical examinations or tests, or to protect the patient from falling out of bed, or to permit the patient to participate in activities without the risk of physical harm., side rails, airways, trapeze etc.
A reflexes is an involuntary or automatic action that your body does in response to something without even to think about it.
Normally developing newborn should respond to certain stimuli with these reflexes.
This document discusses the management of childhood poisoning. It notes that poisoning is commonly accidental in young children and can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Initial management focuses on stabilizing the airway, breathing, and circulation. Depending on the poison, techniques may include activated charcoal, gastric lavage, whole bowel irrigation, or enhanced elimination. Specific poisons like kerosene often cause inhalation injuries and require airway support. Caustics can cause burns that require endoscopy and monitoring for perforation. Overall the document outlines the general and specific approaches to treating different types of childhood poisonings.
The document outlines the European Resuscitation Council's guidelines for resuscitation in 2021. It discusses the differences between trauma and non-trauma life support, and describes the various types of life support including basic, neonatal, and advanced. It provides guidance on classifying age groups for pediatric advanced life support and outlines the CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) approach. Steps are presented for evaluating an unresponsive victim, opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, determining if chest compressions are needed, performing compressions, and re-evaluating the victim.
This document provides instructions for properly injecting insulin. It discusses recommended injection sites on the body including the abdomen, arms, thighs, buttocks, and hips. It then outlines the steps to inject insulin which includes washing hands, mixing the insulin, drawing it into the syringe, checking for air bubbles, choosing an injection site, and administering the injection. Finally, it discusses modern insulin delivery devices like disposable pens and permanent pens and provides tips for properly storing insulin.
The document provides information on skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding of newborns. It discusses the benefits of full skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, including warmth, comfort, metabolic adaptation and bonding. The document also outlines the advantages of breastfeeding, such as protection from infection for the baby and health benefits for the mother. Finally, it provides guidance on successful breastfeeding practices like proper positioning and attachment, frequent feeding, and addressing common issues.
This document provides an overview of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. NEC is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight neonates. Key points include that prematurity is the greatest risk factor, enteral feeding can increase risk but is also necessary for treatment, and abnormal gut microbiota and immature intestinal barriers may allow pathogenic bacteria to translocate and cause inflammation. Diagnosis involves imaging and lab tests. Treatment involves bowel rest, antibiotics, and potentially surgery for severe cases.
This document provides an assessment of typical infant development from 0-12 months across several domains: cognitive, physical, social-emotional, and language. It outlines developmental milestones and behaviors expected at different age ranges in each domain. For example, cognitively infants may imitate sounds by 3 months and search for hidden objects by 6 months. Physically, infants may roll from back to front by 4 months and sit unsupported by 8 months. Socially and emotionally, infants begin to recognize familiar people by 5 months and check with caregivers for needs by 10 months. In language, infants may coo and babble by 3 months and say first words by 12 months.
1) The first 24 hours of life require immediate care of the newborn to establish respiratory function, provide warmth, and ensure safety from injury and infection.
2) Key aspects of immediate newborn care include clearing the airway, maintaining temperature, assessing with the APGAR score, and providing identification.
3) Procedures like drying, positioning, suctioning, cord clamping and eye care help support the newborn's transition to extrauterine life. Vital signs, reflexes and growth are also assessed.
Care of patients with hemiplegia at hospital andJUSTIN THOMAS
This document discusses the care and positioning of patients with hemiplegia in the hospital and at home. It describes how patients should be repositioned every 2 hours to prevent complications like bedsores, contractures and pneumonia. Specific positions are recommended for unconscious patients, quadriplegic patients, and those with flaccid or spastic limbs. The hand and arm of hemiplegic patients should be supported in neutral positions to prevent contractures. Proper positioning is important for patient comfort and recovery.
This document provides information on airway management and choking. It outlines the steps to take for an obstructed airway in adults, children, and babies. For adults, it describes checking for danger, asking if they are choking, telling them you will help, checking their airway, performing back blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is cleared. For children and babies, it similarly outlines delivering back slaps or chest thrusts. It notes that if someone becomes unconscious while choking, you should start CPR. Statistics on choking in the UK are also presented, and trainees are instructed to demonstrate choking response techniques on dummies for assessment.
This document provides pediatric vital sign reference ranges for different age groups. It includes normal body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure ranges. Lower age groups have higher metabolic rates, resulting in slightly elevated temperatures compared to older children. Formulas and general rules are also outlined to estimate vital signs based on age. Rapid assessment of vital signs can help identify potential medical issues in children like decreased blood pressure, abnormal breathing patterns, or altered mental status. Reference ranges vary by age from newborns to adolescents.
This document provides information on the use of a laryngoscope, including indications, contraindications, and procedures. It is used prior to intubation in infants for conditions like neonatal asphyxia or respiratory distress, and in older children for resuscitation or anesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy is also used to examine the larynx for issues like cord palsy or foreign bodies. The procedure involves lubricating and advancing the laryngoscope behind the epiglottis while examining various structures, with risks including mechanical injury or stimulating a vago-vagal response.
definition and normal values and all if more info. needed comment below.
follow me for more ppt's. i'll make and share all content i have.
thank you
:)
Introduction of Newborn
Definition of newborn:
A baby from birth to 28 days of age is called newborn.
Classification of newborn:
According to gestation and birth weight newborn are classified as follows:
1. Gestation:
Preterm : < 37 completed weeks of gestation
Term : 37 to 42 weeks
Post -term : > 42 completed weeks
2. Birth Weight:
Normal birth weight : 2500 g – 4000g
Low birth weight : < 2500g
Very low birth weight : < 1500g
Extreme low birth weight : < 1000g
3. Birth Weight & Gestation:
Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) : Birth weight between 10th & 90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) : Birth weight <10th>90 the centiles for
the particular gestational age
Criteria of a normal term newborn infant:
A normal newborn has all of the following features:
1. Gestation : 37 to 42 completed weeks
2. Birth weight: Between 2500g & 4000g.
3. Breathing: Spontaneous, regular & rate between 30- 60 per minute.
4. Colour : Pink but slight peripheral cyanosis soon after birth is normal.
5. Heart rate: 100-160 beats per minute.
6. Axillary temperature: 97.5 -99˚F
7. Normal baby should be able to suck after birth.
8. Most babies pass urine within 24 hours of birth but some babies may not pass urine up to 48 hours of birth.
9. Most babies will pass meconium within 24 hours a day.
10. A newborn baby sleeps baby sleeps around 18 hours a day.
11. No apparent congenital malformation.
1. The document provides guidance on assessing the normal newborn in the nursery or maternity floor. It outlines admission care including history taking, identification, and physical assessment.
2. Assessment includes APGAR scoring initially and monitoring transitional periods. A systematic physical exam is described covering all body systems.
3. Immediate newborn care priorities are outlined as clearing airways, establishing breathing, maintaining temperature, preventing hypoglycemia, and identification. Common reflexes are also reviewed.
This document provides information about complications that can occur during the postpartum period. It discusses common postpartum symptoms like breast swelling and pain, as well as potential complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, infection, and postpartum depression. The document outlines ways to prevent complications such as eating a nutritious diet, limiting stress, and limiting internal exams during labor. It also notes that postpartum depression is a serious potential complication that requires treatment and can threaten both mother and newborn if left untreated.
This document provides information on essential newborn care including maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, vitamin K injection, breastfeeding initiation and daily routine care like warmth, feeding, bathing and observation. It discusses Apgar scoring and harmful traditional practices. Key aspects of care include cleanliness, warmth, breastfeeding and monitoring of vital signs and growth. Nursing diagnoses related to airway, thermoregulation and infection risk are also mentioned.
The document outlines the 4 core steps of Essential Newborn Care (ENC) which are: 1) Immediate drying of the newborn, 2) Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn, 3) Properly timed cord clamping and cutting between 1 to 3 minutes after birth, and 4) Non-separation of newborn and mother for early breastfeeding initiation and rooming-in. These simple steps can prevent at least half of newborn deaths without additional costs to families or hospitals.
This document outlines objectives and content for a chapter about health care adaptations for children and families. It discusses safety measures, transporting children, assessing vital signs, fever management, administering medications, collecting specimens, and teaching parents. The key points are:
- Safety is crucial when caring for hospitalized children. Identification, medication storage, and equipment use must be addressed.
- Children's vital signs, specimen collection, and medication administration have age-specific considerations. Development affects responses to interventions.
- Educating parents on assessments, treatments, and home care is essential for continuing care of the child.
The document discusses gastrointestinal conditions in children. It begins by listing learning objectives related to common GI anomalies, postoperative care, dietary management, symptoms, treatment and nursing care. It then provides an overview of the GI tract and differences between children and adults. Key points include common congenital disorders like esophageal atresia, imperforate anus, pyloric stenosis and celiac disease. Nursing care focuses on nutrition, preventing infection, and addressing pain and discomfort.
The document outlines several physiological differences between adults and children, including anatomical differences that make children more susceptible to things like dehydration, infections, and trauma. It notes children have higher metabolic and heart rates, less developed organ systems, a disproportionately larger surface area, and thinner skin. The physiological immaturities discussed mean children require different considerations for things like dosage amounts, thermoregulation, and susceptibility to external agents.
This document discusses the child's experience of hospitalization. It begins by outlining various health care settings like outpatient clinics and children's hospital units. It then discusses preparing children for treatments based on their age, as well as managing pain in infants and children through various assessment tools and pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The document also addresses the child and parents' reactions to hospitalization like separation anxiety, fear, and parental guilt. It emphasizes the nurse's role in supporting the child's developmental, cultural, and emotional needs through the hospital experience.
The document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation. It recommends:
1. Freely downloading, editing, and modifying the slides and adding your name.
2. Not worrying about the number of slides, as half are blank except for the title.
3. First showing blank slides to ask students what they know, then showing slides with content.
4. Rerunning the show at the end to reinforce learning.
5. This process creates an active learning session that can be repeated and revised.
The chapter discusses conditions of the blood, blood-forming organs, and lymphatic system in children. It covers hematological conditions including anemias like iron-deficiency anemia and sickle cell disease. The lymphatic system and its role in the immune system is described. Specific blood disorders in children such as thalassemia, hemophilia, and their inheritance patterns and manifestations are explained. Treatment involves maintaining hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and clotting factor replacement for hemophilia.
The chapter discusses various respiratory disorders that can affect children. It begins by distinguishing the differences between the respiratory tract of infants versus adults. Several respiratory conditions are then described in detail, including croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), sinusitis, and smoke inhalation injury. For each condition, the key signs and symptoms and treatment approaches are summarized. The chapter aims to help nurses recognize and properly care for children presenting with different respiratory disorders.
High risk newborns and child during illness and hospitalization pediatric nur...DENNIS MUÑOZ
This document discusses several classifications and characteristics of high-risk newborns. It defines a high-risk newborn as one with a greater chance of morbidity or mortality due to complications surrounding birth. High-risk newborns are then classified based on factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and physiological maturity. Specific types discussed include preterm infants, post-mature infants, and those with hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management are also outlined.
The document discusses the adjustment of newborns to life outside the uterus, including physiological changes to the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and renal systems. It also covers physical characteristics like reflexes, skin features, temperature regulation, and methods for assessing a newborn's condition such as the Apgar score. Common procedures like bulb suctioning are described to ensure the newborn can breathe properly.
The document provides an overview of assessing the hospitalized pediatric patient, covering several key areas:
- Children differ from adults in their physical, cognitive, and emotional development, so assessments must consider developmental level. Families are also central.
- Growth occurs through physical, developmental, and psycho-social changes that follow typical patterns but also have variations.
- Major body systems like respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological are less developed in children, so subtle changes can represent significant problems. Careful monitoring of vital signs and general appearance is important.
This chapter discusses the physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development of infants from 1 month to 12 months of age. It outlines the major developmental milestones in this period, including doubling of weight by 6 months and tripling by 1 year. The chapter also addresses infant nutrition, safety, illness prevention, and the nursing responsibilities of health promotion and anticipatory guidance for parents during an infant's first year.
This document outlines the objectives and content of Chapter 14, which discusses perinatal injuries and congenital malformations in newborns. It covers various birth defects including neural tube defects like hydrocephalus and spina bifida. It describes the classifications, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. It also discusses other defects affecting the nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and musculoskeletal system. The nursing care for newborns with various birth defects is outlined.
This document provides information on performing a physical exam of an equine neonate (newborn foal). It discusses examining the foal's history, environment, and mare. The physical exam involves assessing the foal's mentation, conformation, respiratory rate, temperature, pulse, mucous membranes, jugular pulses, cardiac and lung sounds, oral cavity, abdomen, umbilicus, eyes, muscles, joints, and neurologic status. Common medical disorders that can occur in the first two weeks of life are also reviewed, including meconium retention, neonatal maladjustment syndrome, ruptured bladder, neonatal isoerythrolysis, diarrhea, sepsis, umbilical problems, and white muscle disease.
Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.pptxvanitha n
- Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain damage caused by lack of oxygen to the brain before or after birth. Many factors during pregnancy, labor, or delivery can lead to HIE, though sometimes the cause is unknown.
- Symptoms of HIE range from mild to severe and can include seizures, trouble breathing or feeding, and impaired hearing, vision, or motor skills. While HIE may be diagnosed shortly after birth, issues may not appear until later childhood.
- The main treatment is therapeutic hypothermia within 6 hours of birth to lower body temperature and reduce risks of long-term neurological impairments. Children with HIE face increased chances of
Difference between child and adult is totally different by system of body. It includes blood circulation, growth and development, neurological, digestive changes, etc..
Children and adults differ physically and mentally.
As a nurses it is necessary to learn the differences to deliver the care accordingly.
CLASSIFICATION:
Anatomical differences
Physiological differences
Psychological differences
Children are more prone to dehydration than adults. At the same time, exposure to many chemical agents and some biological agents leads to vomiting and diarrhea.
As a result, children may be more symptomatic and show symptoms earlier than adults.
Children have a higher proportion of rapidly growing tissues than adults, and some agents, including ionizing radiation and mustard gas, significantly affect rapidly growing tissues.
As a result, children are more prone to ionizing radiation and other agents that affect rapidly growing tissue than adults.
Children have relatively small airways compared with adults. The smaller the caliber of the airway, the greater the reduction in airflow as a result of increased pulmonary secretions that occur following exposure to chemicals or edema from inhalation of hot gases
As a result, children suffer more pulmonary pathology than adults at the same level of exposure.
This document discusses low birth weight and neonatal infections. It defines low birth weight as less than 2500g and classifies low birth weight infants as preterm or small for gestational age. Preterm infants are born before 37 weeks and account for about 2/3 of low birth weight babies. Risk factors for neonatal infection include prematurity, rupture of membranes over 18 hours, and low birth weight. Common pathogens are Group B Streptococcus, E. coli, and Candida. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care.
This document provides an overview of pediatric anesthesia considerations. It discusses key differences in pediatric physiology compared to adults, including higher oxygen consumption and metabolic rate in infants, differences in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and immature hepatic and renal function in young children. It also reviews airway anatomy variations, appropriate tube and LMA sizes, and pharmacokinetic considerations for commonly used anesthetic drugs in pediatrics. The principles of maintaining temperature, adequate oxygenation and IV fluids are emphasized for safe pediatric anesthesia.
Discuss physical examination, observation of behavior, and family history as they apply to levels of maturation.
What maternal illnesses and hazards could cause preterm birth?
Discuss Figure 13-3 on page 308 and the physical characteristics listed.
How would you describe hyaline membrane disease?
Describe intercostal and sternal retractions and the pathophysiology regarding the use of these accessory muscles.
What is the nurse’s role in monitoring the neonate during the management of RDS?
Discuss the pathophysiology regarding these effects of surfactant production.
What are the signs of under- and overhydration? Discuss the nurse’s role in monitoring the neonate for oxygen toxicity.
Describe atelectasis.
What are nursing interventions for a neonate who has periods of apnea? Discuss using an apnea monitor for these neonates. Audience Response Question #1 Complete the analogy. Preterm bradycardia : less than 100 bpm as preterm tachypnea : ____________. 1. Greater than or equal to 60 breaths/min 2. Less than 60 breaths/min 3. Greater than 30 breaths/min, but less than 60 4. Less than 50 breaths per minute
Discuss how maternal infection or illness at delivery can cause sepsis in the preterm infant.
Which methods provide warmth and nutrition? Give an example of organized care to minimize energy expenditure. Discuss how standard precautions may protect the preterm neonate.
Discuss the treatment for the preterm neonate with hypocalcemia.
Describe assessment of the preterm neonate’s neurological status. Discuss the pathophysiology regarding bulging fontanels and the rationale for a slight Fowler’s position.
What is the nurse’s role in providing parenteral and/or gavage feedings?
Describe bilious vomitus.
What infection control techniques should be used for an infant with NEC?
Give an example of a situation in which the nurse must determine whether the infant’s output is adequate.
Describe icterus.
Should breastfeeding continue for infants with jaundice? Discuss the pathophysiology regarding peaked levels 3 to 5 days postbirth. Audience Response Question #2 Physiologic jaundice occurs within 48 hours after birth. 1. True 2. False
Discuss the pathophysiology of phototherapy and the treatment of jaundice.
In what ways can the nurse support and encourage the parents?
Discuss Figure 13-6 on page 313.
Discuss Skill 13-2 on page 315.
Why must gastric contents be aspirated prior to gavage feedings?
In what ways could a parent overtire an infant? What nursing interventions would assist the family in managing a preterm infant?
Discuss the pathophysiology of each complication listed.
How does the nurse assess each of these conditions?
What is the nurse’s role in the discharge process of a high-risk newborn?