This document discusses communication networks and their components. It describes the public switched telephone network and examples of telephone network configurations including dial-up and dedicated lines. It then covers different types of digital dedicated lines such as ISDN, DSL, FTTH/FTTB, T-carrier, and ATM lines. Various communication devices are also outlined including modems, network cards, wireless access points, hubs/switches, and routers. Finally, it discusses communication channels, transmission media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable.

1. NetworksPrepared by: Honey Mae Llanto

2. Communication Over The Telephone Network

3. Public Switched Telephone Network This is the worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls.

4. A sample telephone network configuration

5. Dial-up linesis a temporary connection that uses one or more analog telephone lines for communications.

6. DedicatedLines is a type of always -on connection that is established between two communications devices.can provide constant connection.can either be analog or digital.

7. Five Types of Digital Dedicated Lines

8. ISDN Lines (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines.provides faster transfer rates than dial-up telephone lines. can carry three or more signals at once through the same line , using the technique called multiplexing.

9. ISDN lines configuration

10. DSL lines (Digital Subscriber Line)transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring.may not be an option for rural residents because the user's location and the telephone company’s DSL modem must be located within 3.5 miles of each other . popular types of DSL is the ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line).

11. ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of DSL that supports faster transfer rates when receiving data than when sending data.

12. DSL Lines Configuration

13. FTTH and FTTB LinesFTTH(Fiber to the Home) uses fiber-optic cable to provide extremely high –speed Internet access to home users.FTTB(Fiber to the Building ) refers to small businesses that use fiber-optic cables to access the internet.

14. T-Carrier Linesis any of several types of long-distance digital telephone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line.

15. Types of T-carrier LinesT1 line- refers to a specific type of copper or fiber optic telephone line that can carry more data than the traditional telephone lines .Fractional T1 line- allows a customer to use only a certain number of the 24 channels on a T1 line.T3 line- is equal in speed to 28 T1 lines, and is used by larger businesses with higher data and voice demands.

16. ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)is a service that carries voice, data, video, and multimedia at very high speeds.

17. Communication Devices

18. Communication Devicesis any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device.

19. Typesof Communication Devices

20. Dial-Up Modemsis a type of modem used to connect a personal computer to the internet.usually it is in the form of an adapter card that you insert in an expansion slot on a computer’s motherboard. it is sometimes called modem.

21. ISDN ModemsDigital modem- is a modem that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital telephone line such as IDSN and DSL. IDSN modems- sends digital data and information from a computer to an ISDN line and receives data and information from an IDSN line.

22. DSL ModemDSL modems- sends digital data and information from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and information from a DSL line.

23. Cable Modemssometimes called broadband modem.Is a digital modem that sends and receives digital data over the cable television(CATV) network.

24. A typical cable modem installation

25. Wireless Modemsallows access to the web wirelessly from a notebook computer, a PDA, a smart phone, or any mobile devices.

26. Network Cardsenables the computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network. coordinates transmission and receipt of data, instructions, and information to and from computer or device.

27. Variety of Network Cards

28. PC cardis the form of peripheral interface designed for laptop computers.

29. Express Card Moduleslots into a computer system to allow the addition of hardware capabilities.

30. USB Network Adapterthese adapters connect to a standard USB port available on the back of most newer computers.not much larger in size than PC adapters.

31. Flash cardis a set of cards bearing information, as words or numbers, on either or both sides, used in classrooms drills or in private study.

32. Wireless Network Cardis a new technology that slots into a computer system to allow the addition of hardware capabilities.

33. Wireless Access Pointis a central communication device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to transfer data wirelessly to a wired network.

34. Wireless access point configuration

35. Router connections

36. Connecting Networks

37. Hub or Switchis a central point that connects several devices in a network together.

38. Hub or Switch connections

39. Home Networkssaves the home user money and provides many conveniences.

40. Wired Home Networks

41. Types of Wired Home NetworksEthernet

42. Powerline Cable Networks

43. Phoneline NetworksEthernetis a standard communication protocol embedded in software and hardware devices, intended for building a local area network(LAN).

44. Powerline Cable Networkis a network that uses the same lines that bring electricity into the house.

45. Powerline Cable Network configuration

46. Phoneline Network is an easy-to-stall and inexpensive network that uses existing telephone lines in the home.

47. Phoneline Network configuration

48. Wireless Home Networksis typically a system that allows personal computers to communicate with one another and often, with the internet.

49. Wireless home network configuration

50. TYPESHomeRF(radiofrequency)Uses radio waves, instead of cables to transmits data.

51. HomeRF configuration

52. Wi-Fi networkenables devices such as personal computer ,mobile phones etc. to connect to the internet when range of wireless network connected to the internet.

53. How to set up hardware for a Wi-Fi Home Network

54. Steps

56. Communication Channels

57. BandwidthIs the amount of data , instructions, or information that can travel over a communication channel.LatencyIs the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network.

58. Transmission MediaConsist of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more signal. Baseband MediaTransmits only one signal.Broadband MediaTransmit multiple signals simultaneously.

59. Types of Transmission MediaPhysical Transmission MediaWireless Transmission Media

60. Physical Transmission Mediaused in communications include twisted- pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber- optic cable.

61. Transmission Media used in communicationTwisted-Pair Cable

62. Coaxial Cable

63. Fiber-Optic cableTwisted-pair cableConsist of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together .

64. Coaxial cableConsist of a single copper wire sorround3d by at least three layers: (1.) an insulating material,(2.) a woven or braided metal, and (3.) a plastic outer coating.

65. Fiber- optic cableConsist of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals.