A brief Introduction to different types of Networking Devices and emerging Wireless Technologies.

1. Network Devices and Wireless
Technologies
BY
SHUBHAM BATHE (FYMCA02)

2. The Hub
 Hubs are cheap and simple, but wastes a lots of
bandwidth
 Each incoming bit is replicated on all other
interfaces
 Hubs are the cheapest way to create a simple
network
 Hub causes a lots of unnecessary traffic
problems and network congestion due to packet
flooding
 Hubs work with the raw data so they operate at
the Physical Layer of OSI reference model

3. The Switch
 Unlike hubs, switches examine each packet and
process it accordingly rather than simply repeating
the signal to all ports
 Switches map the Ethernet addresses of the nodes
residing on each network segment and then allow
only the necessary traffic to pass through the switch
 Switches are easy to install and self learning
devices that’s why they are more smarter than Hubs
 Switches work with MAC addresses so they operate
at the Data-Link Layer of the OSI reference model

4. Modems
 A modem is a device or program that enables a
computer to transmit data over, for example,
telephone or cable lines.
 Computer information is stored digitally whereas
information transmitted over telephone lines is
transmitted in the form of analog waves.
 The main function of a modem is to converts
between these two forms i.e. Analog signal to Digital
signal and vice versa

5. Bridges
 A bridge is a device that separates two or more
network segments within one logical network
 A bridge is usually placed between two
separate groups of computers that talk with
each other, but not that much with the
computers in the other group
 Bridge is a device that connects a local area
network (LAN) to another local area network
that uses the same protocol (for example,
Ethernet or token ring).

6. Routers : The device that ties networks
together
 Hubs and Switches are devices that can be used to
create networks , but what if we want to establish a
connection between two or more networks ??
 So a Router is hardware device designed to
receive, analyze and move incoming packets to
another network
 Routers can analyze the data being sent over a
network, change how it is packaged, and send it
over a different network
 For example, routers are commonly used in home
networks to share a single Internet connection
between multiple computers

7. Routers
 Routers work with IP addresses so they
operate at the Network Layer of the OSI reference
model

8. Functions of Router
 Routing the packets from source to the destination
 Performing Network Address Translation
 Assigning IP addresses to Host
 Broadcasting a WiFi signal

9. Top Wireless Technologies
 Wi-Fi Direct : Portable Wi-Fi that goes with
you anywhere
 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Wi-Fi Direct® is a certification
mark for devices supporting a technology that
enables Wi-Fi devices to connect directly enabling
them to do things like printing, sharing, syncing
 Mobile phones, cameras, printers, PCs, and
gaming devices connect to each other directly to
transfer content and share applications quickly and
easily
 Devices can make a one-to-one connection, or a
group of several devices can connect
simultaneously

10. Top Wireless Technologies
 Wi-Fi HaLow : Low power, long range Wi-Fi
 With industry momentum mounting around a low
power Wi-Fi® solution, Wi-Fi Alliance® has
introduced Wi-Fi HaLow™ as the designation for
products incorporating IEEE 802.11ah technology
 Wi-Fi HaLow operates in frequency bands below
one gigahertz, offering longer range, lower power
connectivity to Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™ products
 Wi-Fi HaLow’s range is nearly twice that of today’s
Wi-Fi
 Wifi Halow will be powering Smart Home,
connected car, and digital healthcare

11. Top Wireless Technologies
 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Miracast
 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Miracast™ is a groundbreaking
solution for seamlessly displaying multimedia
between devices, without cables or a network
connection
 Users can do things like view pictures from a
smartphone on a big screen television, share a
laptop screen with the conference room projector in
real-time, and watch live programs from a home
cable box on a tablet
 Miracast connections are formed using Wi-Fi
CERTIFIED Wi-Fi Direct®, so access to a Wi-Fi®
network is not needed – the ability to connect is
inside Miracast-certified devices

12. Top Wireless Technologies
IEEE 802.15.4 : ZigBee
 The ZigBee protocol offers 128-bit AES encryption. The
technology is
 also used in Mesh networks, which allow nodes to be
connected
 together through multiple pathways. The wireless
technology is hoped
 to ultimately be implemented in things like smart home
devices.

13. Top Wireless Technologies
IEEE 802.16: WiMax
 WiMax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
 This wireless technology allows data to be transferred at a rate
of 30-40 megabits per second
 The technology was once used by several mobile carriers
 WiMAX is intended to serve as the next step in the evolution of
3G mobile phones, via a potential combination of WiMAX and
CDMA standards called 4G.
 The technology can be used both indoors and outdoors,
however, WiMax devices typically produce a better signal when
used outside or by a window