This document provides an overview of network virtualization. It begins with background information on the need for network virtualization to improve infrastructure utilization and meet service requirements. Key concepts of network virtualization like segmentation, isolation, encapsulation and aggregation are introduced. Several architectures for network virtualization are then described, including ISONI, VNET, and CABO. Proof-of-concept implementations on testbeds like HEN and PlanetLab are also summarized. Finally, relevant references on network virtualization are listed.

1. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
Network Virtualization – A Survey
Aris Cahyadi Risdianto
23210016

2. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
INTRODUCTION

3. Background
 Infrastructure Usage Utilization is not cost effective.
Total cost can be reduced by sharing network resources
 Cloud Solutions (Cloud Computing, etc) do not take
infrastructure as concern.
Always take network connectivity for granted and do not
approach considering QoS [1]
 Requirement of connection between components
respecting service requirements.
Virtualized service platform respecting all service
requirements, e.g. as expressed by interactive real-time
services, on transport layer [1]

4. Definition
 ”A promising approach to cover individual and dynamic
resource provision while keeping strong individual QoS
requirements and optimizing the overall resource
usage” , Oberle [1].
 "A technique for isolating computational and network
resources through virtualization to allocate them to a
logical (virtual) network for accommodating multiple
independent and programmable virtual networks" ,
Nakao [2].
 ”A mechanism for running multiple networks, which are
customized to a specific purpose, over the shared
infrastructure” , Miyamura [3].

5. Key Features
 Segmentation: allows several different services to share a
physical link with given specific QoS properties
 Isolation: No crosstalk between applications in resource
sharing caused by program crashes, sniffing, attacking, etc
 Encapsulation: enables services developers to design service
specific on the overlay networks at a high level of abstraction,
and then disburden them fromdealing with highly complex
physical network infrastructures.
 Aggregation: possible to build virtually elarged resources
(clustered resources or resources pool)

6. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
THE CONCEPTS

7. ISONI Architecture
 ISONI : Intellegent Service Oriented Network Infrastructure
 ISONI characteristic:
 Reduce complexity for roll-out new services
 Separate management hardware resources from
services
 Upper Part : VSN (Virtual Service Network) provided by
service developer
 Lower Part : Real Resources, VMU (Virtual Machine Unit)
and link between VMU

8. ISONI Architecture

9. VNET Architecture
 Identifying players for offering virtual network services
 VNET Goals:
 Identify business opportunities
 Distangle the technical issue from business perpective
 New Business Roles:
 Physical Infrastructure Provider (PIP)
 Virtual Network Provider (VNP)
 Virtual Network Operator (VNO)
 Service Provider (SP)

10. VNET Architecture

11. CABO Architecture
 CABO : Concurrent Architecture Better than One
 Divide ISP into two distinct entities:
 infrastructure providers (provide physically)
 service providers (provide agrement)
 Physical Resources shared by subdividing physical to
virtual for both node and links
 Bandwidth and delay guaranteed by arbritate access to
shared resources (CPU, memory, and bandwidth)
 End host can run multiple virtual network from different
service provider

12. CABO Architecture

13. Network Control Mechanism
 One-Hop Source Routing
 Based on Routing overlays
 Route to intermediate node, relay to destination by
ordinary IP routing, forwarding by tunnel
 Simple control and scalable
 Adaptive network control mechanism
 Attractor selection based VNT based on environmental
changes adapation
 Regulatory and metabolic reactions consider as optical
and service overlay network

14. Resource Allocation
 Static Approaches
 Basic Algorithm
 Traffic constraints based algorithm
 Splitting and Migration of Paths
 Dynamic Approaches
 DaVinci
 Miscellaneous Approaches
 Autonomic Systems based
 Control Theoretic based systems

15. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
PROOF OF CONCEPTS

16. VNET on HEN
 Consist of 110 computers and single non-blocking gigabit
etherne switch with constant latency
 Node and Link Virtualization Technologies for Instantion
 Rely on XEN's Paravirtualization for hosting virtual
machines
 Physical Node compose substrate (PIP)
 NOC of VNP connect to dedicated management node
 XML Schema describe resource spesification for Node and
Links

17. VNET on HEN

18. VNET on HEN
 Two option node virtualization :
 VM created and booted as guest domain
 VM resources allocated by PIP upon request
 Virtual node connection using Ipv4-in-IPv4 Tunnel
 Two NIC drivers of XEN :
 DomU (Back-end) : part kernel space of guest OS
 Dom0 (Front-end): physical domain inc, physical NIC
 Back-end and Front-end correspons with Bridging (XEN
default) or Click
 Topology created using VLAN and Virtual links by switch-
daemon based on request

19. VINI on PlanetLab
 PlanetLab : large physical infrastructure and provide
virtualization
 Vserver of the node (Slice) for experiment isolation
 Tight control of resources (CPU or Bandwidth per slice)
 CPU scheduler ”fair share”, Linux Hierarchical Token
Bucket (HTB) ”fair share and minimum rate guarantees”
 VNET module for track and multiplexes incoming and
outgoing traffic
 UML (User Mode Linux) allow each virtual node access
multiple network device (user-space in a slice)

20. VINI on PlanetLab

21. VINI on PlanetLab
 Linux TAP/TUN driver modification to send and receive
packet on the overlay
 Single TUN/TAP interface (same IP address) used by
multiple processes (different slices) simultaneously
 IIAS (Internet In A Slice) : example network architecture for
evaluate existing routing and forwarding mechanism
 IIAS employs Click Software Router (forwarding engine),
and XORP routing protocol suite (control plane)
 XORP run in UML kernel process, FIB implemented in
Click Process outside UML
 Next Development GpENI-VINI : MyPLC (VINI resources
manager) and IIAS (interface and link provisioning tools)

22. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
REFERENCEES

23. Reference
1) Karsten Oberle, Marcus Kessler, Manuel Stein, Thomas Voith,
Dominik Lamp, Sören Berger, "Network Virtualization: The
missing piece", ICIN, 2009.
2) Akihiro NAKAO, "Network Virtualization as Foundation for
Enabling New Network Architectures and Applications", IEICE,
March 2010.
3) Takashi Miyamura, Yuichi Ohsita, Shin’ichi Arakawa, Yuki
Koizumi, Akeo Masuda, Kohei Shiomoto, and Masayuki Murata,
"Network Virtualization Server for Adaptive Network Control",
ITC Specialist Seminar, Hanoi, 2009.
4) Panagiotis Papadimitriou, Olaf Maennel, Adam Greenhalgh,
Anja Feldmann, Laurent Mathy, ”Implementing Network
Virtualization for a Future Internet”, Hoi An, Vietnam, 2009.

24. Reference
5) Panagiotis Papadimitriou, Olaf Maennel, Adam Greenhalgh,
Anja Feldmann, Laurent Mathy, ”Network Virtualization
Architecture: Proposal and Initial Prototype", VISA, Spain, 2009.
6) Nick Feamster, Lixin Gao, Jennifer Rexford, "How to Lease the
Internet in Your Spare Time".
7) K. Tutschku, T. Zinner, A. Nakao, P. Tran-Gia, "Network
Virtualization: Implementation Steps Towards the Future
Internet", Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 17,
2009.
8) Aun Haider, Richard Potter, Akihiro Nakao, "Challenges in
Resource Allocation in Network Virtualization", ITC Specialist
Seminar, Hanoi, 2009.

25. Reference
9) Ramkumar Cherukuri, Xuan Liu , Andy Bavier, James P.G.
Sterbenz, and Deep Medhi, "Network Virtualization in GpENI:
Framework, Implementation & Integration Experience",
IEEE/IFIP International Workshop, Ireland, 2011.
10) Andy Bavier, Nick Feamster, Mark Huang, Larry Peterson,
Jennifer Rexford, "In VINI Veritas: Realistic and Controlled
Network Experimentation".

26. ET 6803 Special Topics of Optics
Thank You