The document outlines the steps for using network techniques to plan, schedule, and monitor projects. It describes planning the project by analyzing activities, showing their sequence on a network diagram, estimating activity durations, and identifying the critical path. It also discusses scheduling the project based on the critical path and updating the schedule during project execution. Sample work breakdown structures, precedence relationships, network diagrams, and activity time estimates are provided as examples.

1. Steps In Using Network Technique
•Plan the project
•Schedule the project
•Monitor the project

2. Plan the project:
– Analyze the project by determining all the
individual activities that must be performed to
complete it.
– Show the planned sequence of these activities on
a network(graphical representation where arrow
and circle represent the relation among acitivities
in the project ).

3. Schedule the project
• Estimate how long it will take to perform each
activity.
• Perform calculation to locate the critical path
(the longest time chain of sequential activities
which determines the duration of the project).
• Use this information to develop a more
economical and efficient schedule.

4. Monitor the project
• Use the plan to control and monitor the
progress.
• Revise and update the schedule through out
the execution of the project so that the
schedule represent the current plans and the
current status of the project.

5. WBS: Work Break Structure
• Project: Build a 10 storied building
• Task: A) Land acquisition, B) Land Preparation,
C) Design, D)Foundation, E)Structure, F)Walls,
G) Door Window, H) Plumbing, I) Electrical
wiring, J) Painting and decoration.

6. Precedence relationship
• Some activities cannot be performed until
other activities have been completed. This
type of requirements establish a technical
relationship which is called precedence
relationship.

7. Assign Activity Duration
• A) Land acquisition,
• B) Land Preparation,
• C) Design,
• D)Foundation,
• E)Structure,
• F)Walls,
• G) Door Window,
• H) Plumbing,
• I) Electrical wiring,
• J) Painting and
decoration.
• 2 Weeks
• 1 Week
• 3 Weeks
• 2 Weeks
• 3 Week
• 2 Weeks
• 2 Weeks
• 1 Week
• 1 Weeks
• 2 Weeks

8. Network convention
• A network is a graph using circles and arrows
to represent the planned relationship among
the activities required to complete the
project. Either of two conventions can be used
to develop a network:
– Activity on Node (AON): use circle to represent
activities and arrow to link them.
– Activity on Arrow (AOA): use arrow to represent
activities and circle to connect them.

9. Example 01
Task Predecessor Duration
A None 2
B None 8
C A 4
D A 6
E C,D 9
F B,E 11
G B 3
H F,G 1
Draw AON and AOA diagram of following project

10. AON

11. AOA

12. Task Predecessor Duration
A None 2
B A 6
C B 4
D A 4
E C 5
F E 6
G E 3
H F 3
I D,F 3
J F,G 5
K H 2
L J 3
M I,K,L 1

13. Task Optimistic time Most likely time Pessimistic time
1-2 2 3 5
2-3 3 4 6
3-6 6 8 11
2-4 5 6 9
4-6 6 8 10
4-5 4 5 6
5-7 5 6 9
6-8 2 3 4
6-7 0 0 0
7-8 1 3 5
8-9 4 5 8
9-10 2 3 5
7-10 5 9 11

14. • Expected Time = [(Optimistic Time + 4 x Most
likely Time + Pessimistic Time)]/6
• σ2 = [(Pessimistic Time - Optimistic Time)/6]2

15. Task Optimistic
time
Most likely
time
Pessimistic
time
Expected
Time (Te)
Sigma
Square
Sigma

16. Activity
Optimistic
Time
Most Likely
Time
Pessimistic
Time
Expected
time Sigma
Sigma
Square
1 – 2 2 3 5 3.17 0.5 0.25
2 – 3 3 4 6 4.17 0.5 0.25
3 – 6 6 8 11 8.17 0.8333 0.69444
2 – 4 5 6 9 6.33 0.6667 0.44444
4 – 6 6 8 10 8 0.6667 0.44444
4 – 5 4 5 6 5 0.3333 0.11111
5 – 7 5 6 9 6.33 0.6667 0.44444
6 – 8 2 3 4 3 0.3333 0.11111
6 – 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 – 10 5 9 11 8.67 1 1
7 – 8 1 5 8 4.83 1.1667 1.36111
8 – 9 4 3 5 3.5 0.1667 0.02778
9 – 10 2 3 5 3.167 0.5 0.25

19. • Expected Time = [(Optimistic Time + 4 x Most
likely Time + Pessimistic Time)]/6
• σ2 = [(Pessimistic Time - Optimistic Time)/6]2

20. Activity
Optimistic
Time
Most Likely
Time
Pessimistic
Time
Expected
time Sigma
Sigma
Square
1 – 2 2 3 5 3.17 0.5 0.25
2 – 3 3 4 6 4.17 0.5 0.25
3 – 6 6 8 11 8.17 0.8333 0.69444
2 – 4 5 6 9 6.33 0.6667 0.44444
4 – 6 6 8 10 8 0.6667 0.44444
4 – 5 4 5 6 5 0.3333 0.11111
5 – 7 5 6 9 6.33 0.6667 0.44444
6 – 8 2 3 4 3 0.3333 0.11111
6 – 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 – 10 5 9 11 8.67 1 1
7 – 8 1 5 8 4.83 1.1667 1.36111
8 – 9 4 3 5 3.5 0.1667 0.02778
9 – 10 2 3 5 3.17 0.5 0.25