The document discusses defining the scope, priorities, and work breakdown structure (WBS) of a project in 5 steps: 1) defining the project scope, 2) establishing priorities, 3) creating a WBS, 4) integrating the WBS with the organizational structure, and 5) coding the WBS for an information system. It emphasizes that the scope, WBS, and organizational responsibilities should be clearly defined to plan, monitor, and control the project.
05. Project And Organizational StructureBhuWan Khadka
Chapter 05 of ICT Project Management of IOE Engineering syllabus. This is an educational purposed slides. This chapter provides knowledge about system view of project management,functional organization, matrix organization ...and more.Provided by Project Management Sir of KU.
There are 7 project management principles that every organization should incorporate into their processes. These basic principles of project management take into account constraints such as time, quality, budget and the scope of the project. They are absolutely essential for the success of any project.
Download additional slides, videos, and resources at https://www.christiansonjs.com/
Signup for The Free-Range Technologist, a monthly newsletter filled with creative commons resources, useful apps, and lifehacks: https://mailchi.mp/f8f0219bc305/jscott
Cover the basics of PM Organizational Structures (functional, projectized, and matrix).
Sameer Mitter - What is Project Management and How to Handle itSameer Mitter
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05. Project And Organizational StructureBhuWan Khadka
Chapter 05 of ICT Project Management of IOE Engineering syllabus. This is an educational purposed slides. This chapter provides knowledge about system view of project management,functional organization, matrix organization ...and more.Provided by Project Management Sir of KU.
There are 7 project management principles that every organization should incorporate into their processes. These basic principles of project management take into account constraints such as time, quality, budget and the scope of the project. They are absolutely essential for the success of any project.
Download additional slides, videos, and resources at https://www.christiansonjs.com/
Signup for The Free-Range Technologist, a monthly newsletter filled with creative commons resources, useful apps, and lifehacks: https://mailchi.mp/f8f0219bc305/jscott
Cover the basics of PM Organizational Structures (functional, projectized, and matrix).
Sameer Mitter - What is Project Management and How to Handle itSameer Mitter
Sameer Mitter is an IT professional in Bournemouth, UK. He is an expert for information technology at JP Morgan. He always shares his skills with his team members.
Iterative Process Planning
Work Breakdown Structures
Planning Guidelines
The Cost and Schedule Estimating Process
The Iteration Planning Process
Pragmatic Planning
Project Organizations and Responsibilities
Line-of-Business organizations
Project Organizations
Evolution Organizations
Process Automation
Tools: Automation Building Blocks
The Project Environment
project Development Management (Scope Management )NeveenJamal
Project scope is everything about a project , work content as well as expected outcomes
Project Scope is :
1 Naming all activities to be performed.
2 Resources needed.
3 End product.
4 Quality of product
5 Goals.
6 Constraints and limitations
MIS485 Capstone Project in MIS 2MGT 400 - Project MIlonaThornburg83
MIS485: Capstone Project
in MIS
2MGT 400 - Project Management
Textbook: Farrell, P. J., (2017). IT Capstone
Project (3rd Edition), Kendall Hunt
Publishing.
3MGT 400 - Project Management
4MGT 400 - Project Management
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
HANDOUT- I
Managing the Information Systems
Project:
Defining and Planning an information
system project
Introduction
• Project management (PM) may be the most important aspect of systems
development.
• Effective PM helps to ensure
• The meeting of customer expectations.
• The satisfying of budget and time constraints.
• The nature of projects has changed from custom development to
implementing packaged software such as ERP and data warehousing.
• PM needs to be able to work well with vendors and diverse user
community.
Pine Valley Application Project
Three computer applications at Pine Valley Furniture: order filling, invoicing,
and payroll
(Source: Hoffer, Ramesh, and Topi, Modern Database Management 11th ed. 2013)
Managing the Information Systems
Project
• Project
• A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a
beginning and an end
• Project management
• A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a
project
Managing the Information Systems
Project (cont.)
• Project manager
• A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership,
technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible
for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project
• Deliverable
• The end product of an SDLC phase
Deciding on Systems Projects
• System Service Request (SSR)
• A standard form for requesting or proposing systems development work within
an organization
• Feasibility study
• A study that determines whether a requested system makes economic and
operational sense for an organization
Project Management Activities
A project manager
juggles numerous
activities
Phases of Project Management
Process
•Phase 1: Initiation
•Phase 2: Planning
•Phase 3: Execution
•Phase 4: Closedown
PM Phase 1: Project Initiation
• Assess size, scope and complexity, and establish
procedures.
• Establish:
• Initiation team
• Relationship with customer
• Project initiation plan
• Management procedures
• Project management environment and workbook
• Project charter
FIGURE 3-6
The project workbook for
the Purchasing
Fulfillment System
project contains nine key
elements
Project workbook
An online or hard-copy repository for all
project correspondence, inputs, outputs,
deliverables, procedures, and
standards. Used for performing project
audits, orienting new team members,
communicating with management and
customers, identifying future projects,
and performing post-project reviews.
Project Charter
• A short document prepared for the customer describing
project deliverables and outlining the work required to
complete the project
...
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. Defining the ProjectDefining the ProjectDefining the ProjectDefining the Project
Step 1: Defining the Project Scope
Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities
Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure
Step 4: Integrating the WBS with the
Organization
Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information
System
3. Step 1: Defining the Project ScopeStep 1: Defining the Project ScopeStep 1: Defining the Project ScopeStep 1: Defining the Project Scope
• Project Scope
–A definition of the end result or mission of the project
—a product or service for the client/customer—in
specific, tangible, and measurable terms.
• Purpose of the Scope Statement
–To clearly define the deliverable(s) for the end user.
–To focus the project on successful completion of its
goals.
–To be used by the project owner and participants as a
planning tool and for measuring project success.
5. Project Scope: Terms and DefinitionsProject Scope: Terms and DefinitionsProject Scope: Terms and DefinitionsProject Scope: Terms and Definitions
• Scope Statements
–Also called statements of work (SOW)
• Project Charter
–Can contain an expanded version of scope statement
–A document authorizing the project manager to initiate
and lead the project.
• Project Creep
–The tendency for the project scope to expand over
time due to changing requirements, specifications, and
priorities.
6. Step 2: Establishing Project PrioritiesStep 2: Establishing Project PrioritiesStep 2: Establishing Project PrioritiesStep 2: Establishing Project Priorities
• Causes of Project Trade-offs
–Shifts in the relative importance of criterions related to
cost, time, and performance parameters
• Budget–Cost
• Schedule–Time
• Performance–Scope
• Managing the Priorities of Project Trade-offs
–Constrain: a parameter is a fixed requirement.
–Enhance: optimizing a parameter over others.
–Accept: reducing (or not meeting) a parameter
requirement.
9. Step 3: Creating the WorkStep 3: Creating the Work
Breakdown StructureBreakdown Structure
Step 3: Creating the WorkStep 3: Creating the Work
Breakdown StructureBreakdown Structure
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
–An hierarchical outline (map) that identifies the
products and work elements involved in a project.
–Defines the relationship of the final deliverable (the
project) to its subdeliverables, and in turn, their
relationships to work packages.
–Best suited for design and build projects that have
tangible outcomes rather than process-oriented
projects.
10. How WBS Helps the Project ManagerHow WBS Helps the Project ManagerHow WBS Helps the Project ManagerHow WBS Helps the Project Manager
• WBS
–Facilitates evaluation of cost, time, and technical
performance of the organization on a project.
–Provides management with information appropriate to
each organizational level.
–Helps in the development of the organization
breakdown structure (OBS). which assigns project
responsibilities to organizational units and individuals
–Helps manage plan, schedule, and budget.
–Defines communication channels and assists in
coordinating the various project elements.
13. Work PackagesWork PackagesWork PackagesWork Packages
• A work package is the lowest level of the WBS.
–It is output-oriented in that it:
• Defines work (what).
• Identifies time to complete a work package (how long)
• Identifies a time-phased budget to complete a work package
(cost)
• Identifies resources needed to complete a work package
(how much)
• Identifies a single person responsible for units of work (who)
• Identifies monitoring points (milestones) for measuring
success.
14. Step 4: Integrating the WBSStep 4: Integrating the WBS
with the Organizationwith the Organization
Step 4: Integrating the WBSStep 4: Integrating the WBS
with the Organizationwith the Organization
• Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
–Depicts how the firm is organized to discharge its work
responsibility for a project.
• Provides a framework to summarize organization work unit
performance.
• Identifies organization units responsible for work packages.
• Ties the organizational units to cost control accounts.
15. FIGURE 4.5
Integration of WBS and OBSIntegration of WBS and OBSIntegration of WBS and OBSIntegration of WBS and OBS
16. Step 5: Coding the WBSStep 5: Coding the WBS
for the Information Systemfor the Information System
Step 5: Coding the WBSStep 5: Coding the WBS
for the Information Systemfor the Information System
• WBS Coding System
–Defines:
• Levels and elements of the WBS
• Organization elements
• Work packages
• Budget and cost information
–Allows reports to be consolidated
at any level in the organization
structure
18. Project Roll-upProject Roll-upProject Roll-upProject Roll-up
• Cost Account
–The intersection of the WBS and the OBS that is a
budgetary control point for work packages.
–Used to provide a roll-up (summation) of costs
incurred over time by a work package across
organization units and levels, and by deliverables.
19. Process Breakdown StructureProcess Breakdown StructureProcess Breakdown StructureProcess Breakdown Structure
• Process-Oriented Projects
–Are driven by performance requirements in which the
final outcome is the product of a series of steps of
phases in which one phase affects the next phase.
• Process Breakdown Structure (PBS)
–Defines deliverables as outputs required to move to
the next phase .
–Checklists for managing PBS:
• Deliverables needed to exit one phase and begin the next.
• Quality checkpoints for complete and accurate deliverables.
• Sign-offs by responsible stakeholders to monitor progress.
20. PBS for Software Project DevelopmentPBS for Software Project DevelopmentPBS for Software Project DevelopmentPBS for Software Project Development
FIGURE 4.8
21. Responsibility MatricesResponsibility MatricesResponsibility MatricesResponsibility Matrices
• Responsibility Matrix (RM)
–Also called a linear responsibility chart.
–Summarizes the tasks to be accomplished and who is
responsible for what on the project.
• Lists project activities and participants.
• Clarifies critical interfaces between units and individuals that
need coordination.
• Provide an means for all participants to view their
responsibilities and agree on their assignments.
• Clarifies the extent or type of authority that can be exercised
by each participant.
22. Example: Responsibility Matrix for a Market Research ProjectExample: Responsibility Matrix for a Market Research ProjectExample: Responsibility Matrix for a Market Research ProjectExample: Responsibility Matrix for a Market Research Project
FIGURE 4.9
23. Responsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt ProjectResponsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt ProjectResponsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt ProjectResponsibility Matrix for the Conveyor Belt Project
FIGURE 4.10
Editor's Notes
Quality is the area. In order to maintain the quality, you may have to sacrifice cost and/or time in order to meet unchecked scope creep
This makes more sense if you draw the triangle as I did, with each of the 3 components as a side, so if shorten 1 side, have to lengthen another (realistically, 2) to enclose the same area (although technically have to take the inverse of scope)
Cost- can be resources (hiring more people or subcontracting out, or buying finished products instead of making them)
Don’t have to have 1 in each, but is the most typical.
Don’t make mistake of having all be enhance.
Typically need to have at least 1 accept. Typical to have 1-enhance, cost if nothing else.
Is pretty straightforward
Graphically sometimes a pain- BIOS I/O is the same level as R/W head for HD, but you can’t tell
Hmmm- have to decide if want to show this- is really busy and confusing. Note how the level 4 items sometimes appear on row 4 others on row 5
Note- Friends at a software company were still using WBS, and it’s still the gold standard on PMI tests.
Usually Tasks are presented in order of execution
Better have an R (and typically only 1) at each row. Not all tasks require an S.
Who looks like they have the key roll on the project? (Richard) Who looks like the quant-head? (Dan) Who looks like the entry-level analyst, who may be being groomed for one of the other rolls? (Dave) Who appears to be serving more as administrative assistance? (The women, alas)