This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It describes how networks allow computers to communicate and share resources. The main components that enable networking are network cards, hubs, switches, wireless cables, and routers. Hubs and switches act as central connection points but switches improve efficiency by directing traffic only to the relevant devices. Routers send messages between separate networks. Network security involves policies and practices to prevent unauthorized access to networked computers and resources through access controls and monitoring.

2. CONTENT
Introduction
Advantage of Networking
Network Components
Types of Network
Network Architecture
Network Security

4. The computer in a network can communicate with each other as well as
work independently . Each computer in a network is called a Node.
The computer in a network may be linked through Cable, Telephone

5. ADVANTAGE OF NETWORKING
• Efficient Use of Storage Media
• Preserving Information
• Reduction in Hardware Costs
• Efficiency
• Redundancy
• Quickest Document Delivery

6. NETWORKING COMPONENTS
NETWORK CARD
HUBS
SWITCH
WIRELESS CABLE
ROUTER

9. HUB :
• A hub is the central meeting point where cables join to carry information to other
resources through a network.
• It contains several wiring ports that can be used to receive data and pass on the same
to any other device on a network.
• Hubs have a simple design and they rarely wear
out.
• They provide the additional connections necessary
but end up using much of the network capacity.
Active (it can amplify the Signal)
Passive (it can’t)

10. Switches:
• Switches, like hubs, provide a centralized connection.
• They include network monitoring and selective configuration
capabilities, thereby reducing network traffic.
• Shared data can directly be sent to an individual resource instead of
every networked resource.
• Switches are more economical to use.

12. Routers:
A router is used to send specific portions of messages directly to
the intended destination in a separate network.
Information is directly transmitted between the networks without
causing any network traffic.

19. Client Server :

20. Peer to Peer :

21. • Network security consists of the policies and
practices adopted to prevent and monitor
unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or
denial of a computer network and network-
accessible resources.

23. Based upon your user name , you are given rights ,like
Read –Only access or Read – Write Access or No Access at
all.
A combination of be rights can also be granted to
the same user for different sets of data.