This document provides an introduction and overview of the key sources and foundations of Islam. It discusses that the two primary sources of Islam are the Quran and the Hadith (teachings and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad). The Quran contains the direct revelations from God to the Prophet Muhammad. The Hadith contain the teachings and examples set by the Prophet that were passed on by his companions. Together, the Quran and Hadith form the authoritative basis for all Islamic beliefs and practices. The purpose of the document is to present an accurate portrayal of the true teachings of Islam based on its core scriptural sources, rather than focus on widespread misrepresentations.

2. ~ 1 ~
lal:dNnfxlx/{{xdflg/{{xLd
;/fxgf
;a} k|z+;f cNnfxsf] nflu xf]; ;fy} s[kf / zflGt xf]; xfd|f ;Gb]i6f
d'xDdbdfly .
…s] xf] O:nfdÚ eGg] k':tssf] ;/fxgf ub{} v'zL eO/x]sf] 5', o;nfO{ …lgdGq0ff
/ lgb]{zg s]Gb|Ú stf/df sfo{/t d]/f] O:nfdL efO{ / wd{ljåfg ca" aqmn]
cg'jfb u/]sf 5g . o;sf] p2]Zo g]kfnL efiffdf O:nfd wd{sf] kl/ro u/fpg
lglDt O:nfdL k':tsfnonfO{ cg'bfg k'¥ofpg' xf] . d}n] lognfO{ 1fgsf]
vf]hstf{ / cfkmgf] d"n g]kfnL efiffsf] ;+u;+u} c/aL efiffdf klg pTs[i6
kfPsf] 5' .
xfdL …lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb|Úåf/f o; ;kmn sfo{sf] k|sfzg ub}{,
h;sf] w]/} ljåfg / g]kfnL efiffljz]if1x?n] ;/fxgf u/]sf 5g, …xfdL O:nfdL
k':sfnodf Pp6f gof“ k':ts yk ug{'df ;kmntf kfPsf 5f}+ / of] k':ts
O:nfdaf/] 1fg vf]Hg]nfO{ ;|f]t aGg ;S5 xf]nfÚ xfd|f] cNnfxl;t cfzf 5 .Ú
cNnfx xfd|f] o; sfo{nfO{ cfkmgf] v'zL k|flKtsf] nflu ljz'4 kf/?g
tyf logL cg'jfbsnufot o; nfebfos k':tsnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg ;3fPsf
x/]snfO{ k|ltkmn b]pmg .
s[kf / zflGt xf]; xfd|f ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb, pgsf ;Gtltnufot pgsf
;a} ;fyLx?dfly .
kmJjfh cAb'Nnfx cN ufldbL
Joj:yfksM …lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]Gb|Ú, bf]xf, stf/ .
!$÷&÷@)!@

3. ~ 2 ~
cg'jfbssf b'O{ zAbx?
;a} k|z+;f cNnfxsf] nflu xf]; hf] ;j{hutsf k|e' x'g tyf s[kf / zflGt xf];
pgsf ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb / pgsf ;Gtltnufot pgsf ;a} ;fyLx?dfly .
k9g nfu]sf] of] k':ts O:nfd wd{sf] kl/ro u/fpg lglDt c+u]|hL
efiffdf n]lvPsf] what is islam eGg] k':tssf] g]kfnL cg'jfb xf] . d"n
k':tssf] n]vs Pp6f cd]l/sL gof“ d'l:nd Osf]gf]ldS;sf kL= Pr= 8L :sfn/
Jamaal al-Din M. Zarabozo x'g . pgLaf/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L pgsf]
pSt gfd OG6/g]6df ;]r{ ubf{ k|fKt x'g]5 .
pgsf] of] k':ts O:nfdsf d"n ;|f]t s'/cfg / xbL;sf] d]/f] cWogsf] k|sfzdf
clt jf:tljs / ;xL kl/ro xf] . pgn] yf]/} zAbx? Aff6 clt cfsif{s z}nLdf
O:nfdsf ;f/ /fd|/L k]z u/]sf 5g .d]/f] cg'ej cg';f/ O:nfdsf] ;xL
kl/roaf/] o:tf] e/kbf]{ / ;dfj]zL k':ts clxn];Dd g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf]
5}g . kf7s :jo+n] o;nfO{ k9]/ dx;"; ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . t;y{ d o;af/] c? w]/}
n]Vb} kf7s / k':tssf] aLr cj/f]w gag]/ o;sf] km};nf kf7sdfly g} 5f]85' .
d]/f] e'ldsf cfkmgf lk|o g]kfnL efifLx?nfO{ klg o:tf O:nfdL
k':tsx?sf] cg'jfbdfkm{t O:nfd wd{ af6 cjut u/fpg' xf] . cg'jfb ubf{ d}n]
Odfgbf/Lsf] k'/f Vofn /fv]sf] 5' . l;+uf] k':tsdf d]/f]tkm{ af6 s'g} yk 36
ePsf] kfO+b}g . d"n lstfa c+u|]hL efiffdf cg]s rf]l6 5flk;lsPsf] 5, t/ of]
o;sf] klxnf] ;+:qm0fsf] cg'jfb xf] . pSt k':ts n]vssf] j]e;fO6df klg
df}h"b /x]sf] 5 .
cfkmgf] cg'jfbsf] z'4tfdf emg 9'Ssx'g' lglDt d}n] o;sf]
k'g/jnf]sgsf] nflu g]kfnL efiffdf kl/kSj tyf O:nfdL kl/eflifs zAbx?l;t
klg /fd|/L cjut cfkmgf] lk|o O:nfdL efO{ cfb0fL{o /xdt'Nnfx ldof+l;t
;Rofpg cg'/]w u/]sf] lyP+ . pxf+n] cfkmgf] clt Jo:ttfsf afjh"b k'0o
sdfpg] lgotn] o;sf] nflu cfkmgf] ax'd"No ;do vlr{g'eof] . cNnfxn]
pxf+nfO{ o;sf] /fd|f] k|ltkmn b]pmg . tfklg …s'g} uNtL e]6fPdf jf s'g} k|:tfj
k]z ug{ rfx]df tn lbPsf] d]/f] email ID cyjf ;+:yfsf] kf]= af]S;df ;Dks{

4. ~ 3 ~
ug{'xf];ÚtkfO{x?l;t d]/f] cg'/f]w 5 . cfOGbf ;+:qm0fdf OGzfcNnfx ;+zf]wg
ug'{sf;fy]} lgs} cfef/L klg x'g]5' . O:nfd wd{af/] 1fg k|fKt u/fpg lglDt
5flkPsf] of] d]/f] kf+rf}+ k':ts xf] . o; cl3 …;To Ps}Zj/jfbÚ …O:nfd wd{sf
s]xL ;'Gbtf{x?Ú / …d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxsÚ -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf /
zflGt xf];_ h:tf k':tsx? 5flk;lsPsf 5g . / o;sf cnfjf s]xL c?
k':tsx? 5fKgsf] nflu tof/ klg 5g . pSt lstfax?sf] tof/Ldf d]/f] cgGt
/ k/d :jfdL cNnfxsf] k|]0ff{ / s[kfkl5 d sfo{/t/x]sf] ;+:yf …O:nfdL
lgdGq0ff / lgb]{zg s]GbÚ / o;sf] Joj:yfks>L cfb0fL{o kmJjfh cAb'Nnfx cN
ufldbL dxf]bosf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . k/d cNnfx pgnfO{ /fd|f] k|ltkmn
b]pmg / o;sf] k5fl8 d]/f] cfzo dfq cfkmgf] v'zL k|flKtsf] nflu ljz'4 kf?g
. / o; af6 xfd|f lk|o kf7sx?nfO{ ;TonfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ pTk|]0ff{ b]pmg .
cfdLg .
ca" aqm gbjL
kf]= af]S; g= @$*@
bf]xf — stf/
email: abubakarmusalman@yahoo.com

5. ~ 4 ~
k|:tfjgf
k':ts n]Vg'sf] nIo / p2]Zo
O:nfdaf/] Pp6f :ki6 / ;+If]k ePsf] k':ts k|sfzg ug{sf nflu of]
cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ ;do xf] . clxn] ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+;f/sf w]/} :yfgx?df
O:nfd wd{nfO{ k|foh;f] gsf/fTds lrq0f ul/g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|foM dflg;
O:nfdl;t cgle1 ePsf] x'gfn] cfd;~rf/sf dfWodx?df h] b]lvG5, tL
dfWodx?n] O:nfdsf af/]df unt lrq0f ug{] x'gfn] O:nfdl;t ck|efljt x'g'
crDdsf] s'/f xf]Og . o; cj:yfsf] ;j{;'ne / ;+ejtM ;jf{lws nfebfos
pkrf/ o:tf dflg;x?;Dd k'Ug' / O:nfdsf] jf:tljstfaf/] pgLx?nfO{ ;'Gg
nufpg' g} /fd|f] xf] . dflg;n] a9fO{r9fO{eGbf dfly p7]/ wd{sf] af/]df ;To /
ljZjZgLo lzIff cjZo kfpg'k5{ .
oxf“ xfd|f] nIo O:nfdaf/] Jofks b'ik|rf/l;t ;/f]sf/ ug]{ xf]Og . xfd|f]
Psdfq nIo O:nfdsf] jf:tljstf / o;nfO{ O:nfdsf] O{Zj/Lo dfGotfsf
;|f]t / d"ncfwf/x? s'/cfg jf csf]{ zAbdf cNnfxsf]tk{maf6 pgsf ;Gb]i6f
d'xDdb -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ dfly pbeflift ul/Psf]
u|Gyaf6 / :jod ;Gb]zjfxssf lgb]{zg Pj+ k2ltx? -xbL;x?_ af6 O:nfdsf]
;xL :j?k k|:t't ug{' xf] .
O:nfdsf ;|f]t / cfwf/x?
O:nfdsf] ax;eGbf cl3 o;sf df}lns ;|f]tx?af/] s]xL hfGg / a'emg
cfjZos x'G5 . O:nfdsf clwsfl/s ;|f]tx? b'O{ j6f dfq} x'g, s'/cfg /
;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbsf] ;'Ggx . -!_ oL b'O{ j6f dfq} O:nfdsf clGtd clwsf/
x'g lsgls logLx?df g} cNnfxaf6 ;Gb]i6f -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_ n] u|x0f u/]sf k|sfzgfnfO{ ;+u|lxt ul/Psf 5g . cNnfxn] ;Gb]i6f -
O{zb"t_ nfO{ s'/cfg / ;'Ggx b'a}af6 k|]/0ff lbPsf 5g . t;y{ ;Dk"0f{ cf:yf /
sd{x? logL b'a}sf dftxt /xg'kb{5, logLx?sf] cg'?k x'g] :jLsfo{ x'g]5 /
cldNbf] x'g] :jLsfo{ x'g]5}g .

6. ~ 5 ~
s'/cfg afOaneGbf w]/} km/s 5 . s'/cfgdf dfgjsf ljleGg
;Gb]zjfxsx?af/]sf syfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5}gg . s'/cfg j:t'tM cNnfxsf]
jf0fL xf] . of] cNnfxaf6 lha|O{n -cn}lx:;nfd_ sf] dfWodaf6 ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb
-pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ tk{m k|ToIf pbeflift ul/Psf] xf] .
s'/cfgdf pbeflift jf0fLx? ;Gb]zjfxsn] :jod u|x0f u/L cfkmgf
cg'ofoLx?nfO{ k|bfg u/] . of] k|sfzgf cfkmgf] oyfy{ pRrf/0fsf;fy s07
ul/of], n]lvof] / x'ax' ;fl/of] . To;}n] clxn];Dd s'/cfgsf] :j?kdf s]jn
O{Zj/ dfqn] k'gM af]nL /x]sf 5g . s'/cfgdf st}klg dflg;sf l6Kk0fL,
s'/fsfgL jf p2/0fx? e]6fOGgg .
To;}n] s'/cfgsf] z}nL a]hf]8 5 . of] d'6', dg / cfTdfdf cNnfxsf]
syg xf] . of] cfkmgf] ljz'4 c/aL efiffdf c;fWo} rngrNtL / ;'Gb/
lsl;dsf] /x]sf] 5 . -clxn] cgulGt efiffx?df s'/cfgsf] cy{sf] cg'jfb
ul/;lsPsf] 5 . tfklg tL cg'jfbx? slxNo} klg s'/cfg 7flgPsf 5}gg .
s'/cfg s]jn ljz'4 c/aL xf] . t;y{ k|fy{gf / sd{sf08x?df ;xL ;4] c/aL
s'/cfg dfq k|of]u ul/G5 ._
s'/cfgsf ;fy} ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_
sf syg / cfr/0fx? klg 5g . cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxssf] ;'Ggtsf] clwsf/,
…pgL cw{ O{Zj/sf] s'g} lsl;d x'gÚ eGg] sbflk xf]Og . pgL -d'xDdb_ ;Dk"0f{
;Gb]i6fx?e}“m dfgjhfltdWo] s} x'g . ;Gb]zjfxssf] clwsf/ cNnfxsf]
cf1fkfngsf] k|rf/ ug{' dfq} xf] . cNnfxn] g} s'/cfgdf ;Gb]zjfxssf] clwsf/
j0f{g u/]sf 5g . t;y{ ;Gb]zjfxssf] k4lt k5ofpg'sf] cfzo cNnfxsf]
dftxt / cf1fkfngafx]s cGo s]xL xf]Og . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …h;n]
O{Zfb"tsf] cf1fkfng u¥of] lgZro g} To;n] cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng u¥of], hf]
ljd'v eP xfdLn] ltdL -d'xDdb_ nfO{ To:tfx?sfnflu kx/]bf/ agfP/ k7fPsf
5}gf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, $ M *)_
s'/cfg / ;'GgtaLr clt w]/} cGof]Gofl>t ;DjGw /x]sf] 5 . s'/cfgnfO{
s;/L sfof{Gjog ug{'k5{ eGg] ;'Ggtn] JofVof u5{ . s'/cfg h] atfp“5 To;sf]
;'Ggt Jojxfl/s :kli6s/0f xf] . s'/cfgL lzIffsf] of] k"0f{cfsf/ d'l:ndx?sf]

7. ~ 6 ~
nflu dxfg cflzif / s[kf xf] . o;n] cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gnfO{ emg k"0f{ /
;a};Dd kx'“rsf] nfos agfp“b5 .
o;k|sf/ dfgjhfltsf] dfu{bz{gsf] nflu cfjZos l;4fGtx? ;w}+el/
s'/cfg / xbL; cleGg c+u agL k|:t't ug]{ 5g .
To;}n] O:nfdaf/] s'g} e/kbf{] k':ts s'/cfg -@_ / ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -
pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] lzIffdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ .
cNnfxdfly ljZjf; ug{'
cNnfxdf ljZjf; ug{' ;f“lRrs} O:nfdsf] k"0f{ cf:yf xf] . O:nfdsf cGo
ljZjf; tyf ;Dk"0f{ O:nfdL lqmofsnfkx? cNnfxdf b[9 cf:yfsf jl/k/L
3'ld/xG5g . To;}n] cNnfxaf/] b[9 ljZjf;nfO{ ;+;f/el/sf cGo wfld{s
;d'bfox?eGbf ;DejtM O:nfddf w]/} a9L lj:t[t a0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
cNnfxnfO{ s;/L hfGg]
…cNnfxåf/f dfgjhfltnfO{ ljrf/ zlQm / g};lu{s k|]/0ff k|bfg ul/Psf]
5Ú eGg] O:nfd wd{n] c:jLsf/ ub}{g . a? …Pp6f ;|:6f cNnfx 5gÚ h:tf]
;TonfO{ hfGg / dfGgsf nflu cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ hGdhft Nofst lbPsf
5gÚ eGg] jf:tjlstfnfO{ klg O:nfdn] :jLsf5{ . ;j{dxfg lrGtsx?n] k|foM
dflg;x?sf] ;|:6fsf] cl:tTjtkm{ cf}+Nofpg] ljleGg ;+s]tx?nfO{ slxNo} klg
c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5}gg . pgLx? cNnfxsf] cl:tTjsf] dtnfO{ lg;+sf]r :jLsf/
ub{5g . s]xL dflg; e|ldt x'g' / cNdlng'sf] sf/0f, cNnfxsf af/]df 7Ls;“u
ghfGg' / cNnfxsf] ;To Pj+ ;'/lIft k|sfzgf;Dd pgLx?sf] kx'“r gx'gfn] klg
xf] . …cNnfxdf cf:yf /fv]kl5 dfG5]nfO{ klg cNnfxaf/] oyfy{ hfgsf/L x'g]
clwsf/ x'G5Ú eGg] unt ;|f]tx?n] hgfp“5g .
cNnfx cfkmgf ;[li6eGbf k"/} k[ys / a]Un} 5g . o;}n] pgL dfgj
cg'ejsf] nf]s, dfgj ;f]rnufot dfgj hf“rdWo]sf] s'g} s'/f xf]Ogg . t;y{
cNnfxaf/] lj:t[t 1fg ljz]iftM cNnfxl;t dflg;sf] ck]lIft ;DaGw hfGgsf]
nflu :jod cNnfx / pgsf] k|sfzgftkm{ kms{g'k5{ . o;sf] nflu csf]{ s'g}
pkfo x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf] 1fg cNnfxafx]s c? s;}nfO{ 5}g .

8. ~ 7 ~
cNnfxaf6 s'/cfgsf] k|sfzgf tyf cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly
cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf cg'k|fl0ft zAbx? g} cNnfxaf/] o:tf :ki6
k|bz{g pknAw u/fp“5g . logLx?n] cNnfxsf] cl:tTj, pgsf] zlQmnufot
pgsf] 1fgaf/] ;a} cfz+sfx? x6fp“5g . ;j{zlQmdfgk|lt dflg;sf] cfjZos
Aojxf/l;t ;DalGwt ;a} k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ klg lbG5g . cem cNnfxn] cfkmgf]
s[kfn] cfkmgf gfd / u'0fx?dfkm{t cfk"maf/] pknAw u/fPsf lj:t[t 1fgaf6
pgL ;f“lRrs} lk|o, pkf;gfsf] Psn kfq tyf s;}sf] hLjgsf] k|d"v k|]/0ff aGg
k'Ub5g .
cNnfx ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] Psdfq ;|:6f / kfngstf{ x'g
s'/cfg k9bf Pp6f s'/f lgZro g} cufl8 cfp“5, …cNnfx ;[li6sf
;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfdfly dfgjhfltnfO{ ljrf/ ug{ cx|fp“5g .Ú s'/cfgsf lzIffx?
slxNo} klg ljj]so'Qm lrGtgl;t cldNbf x'“b}gg . j:t'tM 1fgsf oL
cfwf/x?nfO{ s'/cfgdf Pp6f dfu{em}+ cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . …xfd|f cf“vf cufl8
of] ;[li6sf] cl:tTj / pTklQ Pp6f dxfg O{Zj/ / zj{zlQmdfg ;|i6fsf] OR5f
/ ;+/rgf ljgf ;Dej ePsf] 5}gÚ eGg] Psn lgisif{tk{m oL ;+/rgfx?n]
8f]¥ofp“5g . -#_
dfgj hfltnfO{ ;lbof}+;Dd ljZj;gLo agfpg] cNnfxn] Pp6f Znf]sdf
;f“lRrs} Pp6f o:tf] 7f]; ts{ k|bfg u5{g, …s] logLx?sf] ;[li6 s'g} ;[li6stf{
ljgf g} ePsf] xf] jf logLx? cfkm}+ ;|i6f x'g < jf cfsfzx? tyf k[YjLnfO{
logLx?n] ;[li6 u/]sf x'g <Ú -s'/cfg, %@ M #%, #^_ …:ki6tM dflg;x? o;
;+;f/df g t gfl:taf6 cfPsf 5g g pgLx?n] cfkmgf] ;[hgf cfk}+m u/]sf x'gÚ
Znf]sx?sf] ;+s]t clwsf+z dflg; ;dIf o;/L g} :ki6 5 . t;y{ pgL Pp6f
;|i6fsf] sd{ kl/0ffd x'g .
…o; cl:tTjsf] cjZo Pp6f ;|i6f 5Ú oyfy{nfO{ cem a9L a'emfpgsf
lglDt a|fXdf08 leqsf] ;'Gb/tf / ;Gt'ngdf klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . lgdf{0fsf]
9f“rf o:tf] lgodlgi7 5, h:tf] ls o;n] slxn]sfxL+ …k|s[ltsf] ;"Idu|fxL
;Gt'ngÚtkm{ cf+}Nofp5 . s;/L x/]s rLhx? cfk;df cem cfkmgf] :jod
z/L/leq Ps csf{sf;fy sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g, ;f“lRrs} of] cfZro{ kfg]{

9. ~ 8 ~
cGt{j:t' xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu z/L/sf ljleGg c+ux?aLr cfk;L ;xof]u ljgf
hLjg rNg ;Dej g} x'Fb}g . x]/fO{df cfPsf oL cbe"t 36gfx? cGo w]/}
dxTjk"0f{ lgisif{x?;Dd n}hfG5g .
klxnf], …lgdf{0f 9f“rf / a|fXdf08sf ljleGg ck|lzlIft jf clzlIft
lghL{j tTjx?aLr ;xof]uÚ logLx? clxn] klg ;h{ssf] lgoGq0f / lgb]{zgdf
/xg'sf] ;"rs x'g . ltgLx?sf] cfk;df ;xsfo{ / ;xof]usf] :t/n] ;Dk"0f{ 1fg
/ ;~rfng Pj+ lgb]{zg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fdYo{ b'a} /fVg] cl:tTjsf] k|e'Tjdf
ltgLx?nfO{ x'g]tk{m cf}+Nofp“5 . o:tf] gePsf] eP cfd?kL / ljz]iftM of]
a|fXdf08leqsf ;a} j:t'x?nfO{ ;[hgf ug{] k|df0f' / s0fx?sf w]/} ;+VofaLr
c:tJo:ttfsf] ;Defjgf x'GYof] .
bf];|f], a||fXdf08sf] ;|i6f / dflns Pp6} xf] . …o; ;Gt'lnt / PsLs[t
a|fXdf08sf] PseGbf al9 ;|i6f x'g ;Dej 5}gÚ eGg] :ki6 lrGx /x]sf] 5 . o;
ljifon] klg cl3Nnf] ljifonfO{ k|dfl0ft ub{5 . PseGbf a9L ;|i6f ePsf] eP
x/]sl;t OR5f / an x'GYof] clg ;[li6df clxn] h'g Pstf / ;Gt'ng b]lvG5
Tof] ck]lIft x'+“b}gYof] .
o;k|sf/ k|f/lDes a'“bf, …a|fXdf08sf] ;|i6f, ;~rfns / clGtd zlQm
Pp6} xf]Ú eGg] b'a}nfO{ dfgjhflt dfem k|fs[lts tyf tfls{s tj/n] 7x/
ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
…a|fXdf08sf] ;|i6f / ;~rfns Psdfq cNnfx xf]Ú Psrf]6L 7x/
ul/;s]kl5 csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o cfk}+m k|:km'l6t x'G5 . ljif]iftM zfob s;}n]
cfk"ml;t ;f]Wg ;Sg] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg, …To; ;|i6fl;t xfd|f] ;DaGw
s:tf] x'g'k5{ t eGg] xf] <Ú o;n] kl5Nnf] s'/f …cNnfx dfq pkf;gf of]Uo /
To;sf] xsbf/ 5, eGg] tk{m ck|ToIf ?kdf 8f]¥ofp“5 .
pkf;gfsf] Pp6} nIo cNnfx x'g'k5{
Pp6} ;|i6f / ;~rfnssf] cl:tTj kTofpg' cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ x'“bfx'b} klg
O:nfddf cNnfxsf] cf:yf / sNkgfdWo] kg'{sf afjh"b klg k|ofKt 5}g .
…dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfdf g};lu{s tj/n] Tof] lglxt /x]sf] 5Ú ;To jf:tjdf

10. ~ 9 ~
;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 / of] k|ZgeGbf aflx/ x'g'k5{ . cem a9L dxTjk"0f{ / /x:odo
ljifo ;|i6f tyf ;~rfns Pp6} dfGg] JolQml;t uP/ hf]l8G5 .
b'Oj6f pbfx/0fn] of] ljifonfO{ ;DejtM :k:6 kf5{ xf]nf . klxnf],
cNnfxsf] ;[li6n] p;sf] dxfgtf / p;sf] dxfg 1fgtk{m cf}Nofp+“5 /
k"0f{dxfg tyf crlDdt /x+bf x/]ssf] b[li6sf]0f ;fdfGtof cba, ;Ddfg / cfb/
x'g] u5{ . cem a9L ;|i6fsf] dxfgtfsf] bhf{ ;[hgf g} ug{ g;Sg] c;Ifdx?;Fu
bfFHg ;lsGg . o;af/] cNnfx eGb5g, …s] ltgLx?n] o:tfnfO{ ;fem]bf/
agfpF5g hf] s'g} klg j:t' ;[li6 ub{}gg a? ltgLx? :jod ;[lht ePsf 5g
<Ú -s'/cfg, & M !(!_ cNnfx cufl8 eGb5g, …s] ;[hgf ug{] / ug{ g;Sg], b'a}
;dfg 5g < ltdL lsg kf7 l;Sb}gf}+ <Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M !&_
cNnfx x/]s pkxf/ / cflzif a? x/]ssf] lhGbuL / o; ;[li6df p;sf]
nflu tof/ kfl/Psf ;a} s'/fx?sf ;|f]t x'g . To;af/] cNnfx s'/cfgdf
eGb5g, …/, olb ltdLx?n] cNnfxsf ;a} cg'u|xx?sf] u0fgf ug{ rfXof} eg]
klg uGg ;Sg] 5}gf} .Ú -s'/cfg, !$ M #$_
cNnfxsf] ;xof]u / d2t lagf tL pkxf/x? dflg; cfkmgf nflu Nofpg
;S5g t < cNnfxn] cfkmgf] o; syg;Fu} csf{] pbfx/0f lbG5g, …-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_
ltgLx? -cljZjf;Lx?_ nfO{ ;f]w–s] ltdLx?n] ;f]r]sf 5f} ls cNnfx ltdLx?sf]
;'Gg] / x]g{] zlQm vf]:5g / ltd|f x[box?df ;Ln -df]x/_ nufO{lbG5g eg]
cNnfxafx]s s'g pkf:on] ltdLx?nfO{ Tof] lkmtf{ lbg ;S5 < x]/, xfdL s;/L
cfoft -Znf]s_ j0f{g u5f{}+ t}klg ltgLx? a]jf:tf u5{g .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M $^_
olt x'FbfxF'b} klg Psdfq O{Zj/sf] cj1f ug'{, a]jf:tf ug'{ / cxdtf
k|bz{g ug'{ s;}sf] nflu plrt xf] t < j:t'tM oqf j/bfgx? k|bfg ug{] To:tf]
dxfg / crDd kfg]{ k|s[ltl;t ljgd|, cf1fsf/L, cfef/L, dfofn' / >4fn' g}
x'g'k5{ .
dfof, cfb/ / pkf;gf ul/g] xsclwsf/ s]jn cNnfxsf] nflu ljlzi6
x'g'kg]{ atfpgsf nflu cNnfxsf oL b'O{{ pbfx/0fx? cyf{t ;[hgfTds Ifdtf
Pj+ 1fg / cNnfxåf/f PSn} k|åQ a/bfgx? k|ofKt 5g . o;af/] Pp6} ;|i6f t
dfGg] clg t'?Gt} pgnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L agfj6L O{Zj/ / agfj6L lrhx?sf]

11. ~ 10 ~
pkf;gf ug]{x?nfO{ cNnfx cg]s k6s s'/cfgdf ljleGg lsl;daf6 ;Daf]wg
ub{5g . pbfx/0f :j?k cNnfx eGb5g, …eg, olb ltdLx? Hffgsf/L /fV5f} eg],
k[YjL tyf To;df /x]sf lrhx? s:sf x'g <Ú ltgLx?n] eGg] 5g, …cNnfx s}
x'g .Ú egLb]pm, clg ltdLx? pkb]z lsg u|x0f ub{}gf} t <Ú -s'/cfg, @# M
*$–*%_
To;}u/L dxTjk"0f{ s'/f], …;xL dfu{ b]vfpg cfjZos 1fgÚ cNnfxnfO{
dfq 5 . ldYof k"lhg]x? To;dWo] s]xL klg hfGb}gg . o;af/] cNnfx eGb5g,
…;f]w, s] ltdLx?sf ;fem]bf/x?dWo] sf]xL o:tf] 5 h;n] ;Tdfu{ b]vfpg ;S5
<, elgb]pm, s]jn cNnfx ;Tosf] dfu{ b]vfpF5g, clg atfpm, h;n] ;Tosf]
af6f] b]vfpF5 Tof] a9L cg';/0f of]Uo /x]sf] 5 jf Tof] h;nfO{ dfu{
gb]vfp~h]n :jo+n] dfu{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g < cflv/ ltdLx?nfO{ s] ePsf] 5 <
ltdLx? s:tf] lg0f{o u5f}{ < /, ltgLx?dWo] clwsf+z s]jn cg'dfgsf] e/df
lx+85g hals c8snafhL ;Tosf] dfldnfdf clnslt klg nfebfos 5}g .
lg:;Gb]x ltgLx?n] ul//x]sf sfo{x?;Fu cNnfx k"0f{?kn] cjut 5g .Ú -s'/cfg,
!) M #%–#^_
pk/f]Qm / s'/cfgel/ 5l/P/ /x]sf cg]s ts{x?af6 pkf;gfsf] of]Uo
cNnfxafx]s sf]xL / sf]xL klg 5}g, x/]sn] oxL lgisif{ lgsfNg'k5{ . kmn:j?k
pkf;gf of]Uo cNnfxafx]s sf]xL gePsf]n] x/]sn] Pp6} cNnfxs} pkf;gfdf
hf]8lbg' a'l4;“ut x'g]5 . ;Dk"0f{ O:nfdsf] d'ne"t ;Gb]z / ljutsf ;a}
O{zb"tx?n] lbPsf d"Vo pkb]zx? Klg jf:tjdf oxL g} lyof] .
oxf“ O:nfdL kl/k|]Ifdf pkf;gfsf] kl/efiffsf] cy{ kl/eflift ug{ pko'Qm
xf]nf . …pkf;gfÚ zAb s'/cfgL / c/aL kl/efiffdf …OafbtÚsf] cg'jfb xf] . of]
kl/efiffsf] efjfy{ c+u]|hL zAb …jlz{kÚ eGbf a]Un} /x]sf] 5 . jlz{k zAbsf] cy{
c+u]|hLdf cfb/ ug{' eGg] x'G5 . o;sf] AofVof …O{Zj/sf] cfb/–;Ddfgdf elQm
o'Qm sd{x? ug{'Ú eg]/ eGg ;lsG5 . -$_ t/ lanfn lkmlnK;sf] o;af/] l6Kk0fL
o;k|sf/ /x]5,
…clGtd k|sfzgfsf] efiff c/aLdf jlz{knfO{ Oafbt -pkf;gf_ elgPsf]
5, …OafbtÚ zAbsf] cy{ bf; xf] / …cAbÚ gfdaf6 pTklQ ePsf] xf] . bf;l;t

12. ~ 11 ~
cfkmgf] dflnssf] OR5fg';f/ sfo{ ul//xg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] x'G5 . kmn:j?k
clGtd k|sfzgf cg';f/ jlz{ksf] cy{ …O{Zj/sf] OR5f adf]lhd ug]{ cfTd;dk{0f
xf] .Ú O{Zj/af6 dfgjhflttk{m k7fOPsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] ;Gb]zsf] ;f/
klg oxL g} lyof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu jlz{k -pkf;gf_ sf] pQm a'emfO{ dYy]j & M
@! df oz'åf/f hf]8bf/;Fu o;/L aofg ul/Psf] 5, …dnfO{ k|e' dfGg]
dflg;x?dWo] cfsfzdf /xg] d]/f] lktfsf] OR5fg';f/ ug]{x? dfq O{Zj/sf]
/fHodf k|j]z x'g]5g .Ú -%_
o;k|sf/ Ps}Zj/jfb -pkf;gfsf] nIo cNnfxnfO{ dfq dfGg'_ sf] pQm
?k ljz]iftM klZrdfsf dflg;x?n] a'e]msf]eGbf clws leGg /x]sf] 5 .
O:nfdL Ps}Zj/jfbsf] pQm ?kn] pkf;gfsf lgod;“u} dgf]efj /
zf/Ll/s sd{x?nfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . dgf]efjaf6 s]jn p;}nfO{ kTof/ /
e/f];f ug{', dfq p;}l;t ;jf{]k/L eo /fVg', s]jn p;}l;t cTolws cfzf /fVg'
tyf p;}nfO{ O{Zj/ / ;|i6f cflb dfGg'nfO{ eGg] efj ;d]l6Psf] 5 .
cN;cbLsf] a0f{gcg';f/ cNnfxsf] pkf;gfdf ljz]iftM b'O{j6f lrhx?
;+“u;+“u} x'G5g, pkf;gfsf] jf:tljstf / r]tgf, cNnfxsf] cflwgtf / pgLl;t
dfofsf] ;Dkfbgåf/f l;4 x'G5 . cNnfxl;t k"0f{ dfof / pgsf] k"0f{ clwgtf
pkf;gfsf] ;Totf xf] . pkf;gfn] tL b'a} jf tLdWo] s'g} PsnfO{ klg u'dfPsf]
eP jf:tjdf Tof] pkf;gf x'“b}g lsgls pkf;gfsf] ;Totf cNnfxsf] cflwgtf
/ ;dk{0f d} kfOG5 . /, Tof] cNnfxl;tsf] dfof, dfofsf ;a} cfj]udfly x}sd
/fVg] u/L kl/k"0f{ ePkl5 dfq b]lvG5 . -^_
…cNnfx s]jn pkf:osf] PSnf] kfq xf]Ú eGg] a'e]m/ cNnfxdfly cf:yf
/fVg'sf w]/} cy{x? x'G5g, eGg] s'/f :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM …cNnfxd}
;dlk{t x'g'kg]{ hLjgsf s}of}+ ?kx? x'G5g, tYo ga'lemsg hf] sf]xL klg …sf]xL
k"hgLo xf]Og cNnfxafx]sÚ eGg] jQmJonfO{ ;dfTg'df c;kmn x'g]5 . Pp6f
;+lIfKt AofVofaf6 tL ?kx?sf] ljrf/nfO{ al9 :ki6 kfg{'k5{ .
klxnf], pkf;gfsf ;a} ;+:sf/x? PSnf] cNnfxs} nflu ;dlk{t x'g'kb{5 .
k|fy{gf, a|t, xh -tLy{ofqf_, wd{bfg cflb sfo{x? s]jn cNnfxs} nflu v'zL
kfg]{ lgotn] / pgs} pkf;gfsf] dg;fon] dfq} ;DkGg ug{'k5{ . o;k|sf/ s;}n]

13. ~ 12 ~
cNnfxafx]s cGo s;}sf] k|fy{gf u/]df p;n] jf:tjdf cNnfxafx]s c? s;}sf]
pkf;gf ug]{ d"ntTjsf] pn+3g ub{5 .
bf];|f], hLjgaf/] clGtd / ckf/ clwsf/ cNnfx;“u} /xG5 . csf]{ zAbdf,
hf] sf]xLn] klg cNnfxsf cfb]z / cNnfxaf6 pbeflift k|sfzgfsf] clwgd}
/xg'k5{ . cNnfx ;|i6f x'g, dfgjhfltsf] nflu kyk|bz{gsf P]gsfg"g atfpg]
clwsf/ pg}sf] xf] . z]vLn] P]Zj/Lo sfg"gsf] lj/f]w ug{' jf hfgLhfgL To;nfO{
a]jf:tf ug{'sf] cy{ …dflg; oyfy{df O{Zj/df ;dlk{t 5}gÚ eGg] x'G5 . o;/L
pm pgnfO{ pkf;gf / ;dk{0fsf] kfq dfGb}g .
t];|f], hf] sf]xLsf] dfof, elQm, OR5f / cjx]ngfx? cNnfxsf k|sfzgf
cg';f/} x'g'k5{ . cNnfxsf] ;f“rf] dfof / pkf;gfaf6 lbn el/k"0f{ ePkl5 dfq
pQm efj lbnaf6 pln{G5 . x'gt of] Pp6f ;fwf/0f ljrf/ xf] t/ o;sf]
;DaGw b"/ufdL /x]sf] x'G5 . dfG5]sf] lbndf ;a}eGbf lk|o cNnfx x'g'kg]{
cf:yfsf] kl/k"0f{tfsf] cfzo pm cGt/fTdfdf lk|o x'g'kg]{ xf] . of] tYo dfG5]df
ldl;Pkl5 dfq pm cfkmgf] lk|on] dg k/fPsf]nfO{ dg k/fpg / dg
gk/fPsf]nfO{ 3[0ff ug{ yfN5 . o;/L cNnfxn] dg k/fpg] kfPkl5 cg'ofoL /
;]jsn] klg To;nfO{ dg k/fpg'k5{ . o;sf] ljk/Lt, s]xL s'/fdf cNnfxn]
3[0ff kfPkl5 -oBlk p;}n] To;nfO{ ;[hgf / ;+;f/df dfgjhfltsf] kl/Iffsf]
nflu /fv]sf] / pgLx?sf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf] g} lsg gxf];_ cg'ofoL /
;]jsn] klg Tof];Fu 3[0ff ug'{k5{ .
cNnfxnfO{ pkf;gfsf] Psn kfq :jLsg{' ;xL Ps}Zj/jfbsf] d"ntTj
x'“bfx'Fb} klg ;w}+ of] ljrf/af6 6fl9Psf] jf 7Ls;“u cEof; ul/Psf] e]l6+b}g . of]
dfgjhfltsf] jf:tljs 3f6f xf] lsgls Ps}Zj/jfbsf] oyfy{ tyf ;xL /
;'xf“pbf] hLjgsf] ;f“rf] oxL g} xf] .
OAg] t}ldofn] n]v]sf 5g, …dfG5]nfO{ cNnfxsf] vf“rf] -h;sf] pm pkf;gf
u/f]; / s;}nfO{ p;;“u ;dsIfL g7x/fcf];_ Pp6f a]hf]8 cfjZostf xf]Ú eGg]
tkfO{n] cjZo klg hfGg'k5{ . h;/L of] z/L/nfO{ vfg' / lkpg'sf] cfjZstf
k5{ of] klg To:t} xf] . tfklg tL b'a}aLr w]/} km/s 5 . dfgjhfltsf] df]n
p;sf] ljrf/ / cfTdfdf x'G5 . logLx? cNnfx;“u, -hf] afx]s cGo sf]xL O{Zj/

14. ~ 13 ~
xf]Og_ cfkmgf ;DaGw lagf ;DkGg x'g ;Sb}gg . olb sf]xL cNnfxafx]s c?
s;}sf] pkf;gf u5{ / cNnfxl;t klg cf:yf /fV5 clg -To; ldYof
pkf;gfaf6_ s]xL cfgGb jf ;Gt'li6 klg kfp“5, o:tf] pkf;gfn] p;nfO{ ljif
vfPsf] dfG5]n] ef]Ug] xljut ljgf;eGbf al9 ljgf; k'¥ofp“5===. -&_
k'gM …o; a|fXdf08sf] Pp6} ;|i6f / kfngstf{ xf]Ú eGg] s'/fdf cf:yf
/fVg' cNnfxdf ;xL cf:yfsf] nflu kof{Kt 5}g tyf o;df k|z:t hf]8 klg
lbPsf] kfOPg . Oltxf;leq s]xL dflg; o;}nfO{ cNnfxdf osLgsf] nflu
kof{Kt 7fGy] . ;TotfeGbf a9tf s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . of] ljZjf; lgZro g} h?/L
eP klg kof{Kt 5}g . of] cf:yfnfO{ cNnfxsf] cfb/–;Ddfgsf ;fy;fy} lbnsf]
efjgf / sd{sf ;xL ;DaGwåf/f cjZo k5ofpg'k5{ . ;|i6fnfO{{ ;f“lRrs}
cfkmgf] Psn O{Zj/ dfGg'sf] cy{, …pg} dflg;sf] k/d dfof, pkf;gf /
cf1fkfngsf] nIo ag'gÚ eGg] x'g'k5{ . o:tf] ljZjf; ub}{ cNnfxafx]s cGonfO{
x/]s ?kdf pkf:o ePsf] OGsf/ u/]kl5 dfq pm cNnfxdf ljZjf;sf] ;f“rf]
cy{ kfng ug]{ JolQm 7xl/G5 .
;+If]kdf, pk/f]Qm s'/fx?sf] cfwf/df -!_ dfG5]nfO{ cNnfxsf] dxfgtf,
k"0f{tf / pg} dfq} ;|i6f, bftf / kfngstf{ ePsf] x'gfn] pgsf] pkf;gfdf
xf}l;g'k5{ . -@_ o:tf u'0fx? cNnfxd} kfOPsfn] pg} dfq pkf;gf of]Uo x'g . -
#_ dfG5]n] cNnfxafx]s cGonfO{ x/]s ?kdf pkf;gfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ /f]Sg'k5{ .
Pp6f clGtd t/ dxTjk"0f{ a“'bf tL b'O{ kmf“6sf] cGTodf hf]8g' h?/L
x'G5, . -dfgjLo :jefj, ef}lts ;]/f]k]m/f] tyf o'uf}+o'udf cNnfxsf
;Gb]Zfjfxsx?åf/f l;sfOPsf ;Gb]zx?sf] dWo]gh/_ …cNnfxdf ;f“rf] cf:yfsf
Tolt alni6 lrGxx? x'gfn] cNnfxafx]s s;}sf] pkf;gf ug{' a'l4dtf / wfld{s
b'a} lsl;dn] k"0f{tof :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo x'Fb}g .Ú t;y{ cNnfxafx]s c?nfO{
;dsIfL Pj+ ;fe]mbf/ -lzs{ ug'{_ agfpg' -*_ jf cNnfxsf] pkf;gfnfO{
c:jLsf/ ug{' ck/fw xf], o;sf] 3f]/tf / p208tf olt 7"nf] 5 ls o:t}
cj:yfdf p;sf] d[To" eof] eg] cNnfxn] o; dxfkfknfO{ dfkm ug]{5}gg .
cNnfxn] :ki6;Fu eg]sf 5g, …cNnfxn] cfkm"l;t s;}nfO{ ;fem]bf/ agfpg]
sfo{ -lzs{_ nfO{ sbflk Ifdf ug{] 5}gg t/ o;afx]ssf cGo kfk h;sf] nflu

15. ~ 14 ~
rfxg]5g Ifdf ug{]5g . h;n] cNnfx;Fu -s;}nfO{_ ;fem]bf/ agfof] p;n]
jf:tjdf Pp6f 7"nf] kfksf] ;+/rgf u¥of] .Ú -s'/cfg, $ M $*_
cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?df ljZjf; ug{'
cNnfxaf/]cGoq sNkgf g u/L ;f“rf] >4f / ;j{kl/ dfof /fVg' lglDt
pgnfO{ Psdfq ;|i6f / kfngstf{ dfGb} pgaf/]cfkmgf] df}lns b[[li6sf]0feGbf
k/ 1fgsf]x/]snfO{ vf“rf] x'G5 .cfkmgf] k|sfzgf tyf s[kf / bofåf/f cfkmgf]
af/]df cNnfxn] olt w]/} k|;:t 1fg pknAw u/fPkl5 ;Totf vf]Hg] hf] sf]xLn]
klg oyfy{ 1fgaf6 cfkmgf] k|e'nfO{ hfGg / pkf;gf ug{ ;S5 .
d'l:ndx? s'/cfgel/ pb3[t ul/Psf cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?nfO{ hfGg
nfnflot x'G5g . pbfx/0f:j?k, cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …pg} cNnfx x'g
h;afx]s cGo sf]xL k"Ho xf]Og . pgL ;d|f6 x'g cToGt} kljq, ;j{yf zfGt,
lglZrGt k|bfgstf{, ;+/Ifs, k|e'TjzfnL / dxfg ag]/ /xg]jfnf . kljq 5g
cNnfx To; lzs{af6 h'g oL dflg;x? ub{}5g . pg} cNnfx x'g ;[li6sf] of]hgf
agfpg]jfnf / cl:tTj k|bfgstf{ clg ?k agfpg]jfnf . pg}sfnflu pQd
gfdx? 5g . cfsfzx? tyf k[YjLsf ;f/f lrhx? pgsf] dlxdfufg u5{g /
pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, %( M @#–@$_
s'/cfg / ;Gb]zafxsaf6 -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ x/]sn]
cNnfxaf/] oL s'/fx? hfGg ;S5, …cNnfx ;a}eGbf al9 dfofn', lg/Gt/
bofjfg, -(_ ;w}+ Ifdfjfg, ;w+} kZrftfk :jLsf/ ug]{, cToGt} ;xgzLn, dfkm
ug]{ / dfof ug]{ x'g . pgL pbf/, dxfg'efj, bftf / IfdfzLn x'g . hf] pgnfO{
k'sf5{g pgL ltgLx?sf] pQ/ lbG5g, pgL ;a}sf /Ifs x'g . pgL pTs[i6,
dxfg, ;a}vfn] k|z+;fsf] kfq, ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] :jfdL, Gofosf] lbgsf] dflns
tyf clGtd k'k{Ifsf] lg0ff{os x'g . pgL ;a} ;'Gg], ;a} b]Vg], ;a} hfGg] / k"0f{
b"/bzL{ klg x'g . pgL cToGt} hAa/, cToGt} ;Ifd, / ;j{zlQmdfg x'g . pgL
:jod k|ofKt, s;}l;t s'g} klg cfjZostf g/fVg] / ;a} cfxf/sf] bftf x'g .
pgL k/d / ;af{]Rr x'g . pgL cfkmgf ;[li6sf dfldnfx?sf] k|zf;g ub}{,
cfb]z lb“b}, lgif]w ub}{, v'zL x'“b}, l/;fpFb}}, Ogfd lb“b}, ;hfo l+b“b}, k|bfg ub}{,
c:jLsf/ ub}{, OHht k|bfg ub}{ tyf cad"Nog ub}{ /xG5g . pgL h] klg

16. ~ 15 ~
rfxG5g ul/xfN5g . pgL k"0f{tfsf x/]s u'0faf6 ;';lHht tyf ck"0f{tf jf
bf]ifsf ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] c+zaf6 klg d'Qm 5g . h;nfO{ pgLx? pgsf] ;fem]bf/
7x/fp“5g, tL ;a}af6 pgL lgs} pRr / k"0f{ 5g . Pp6f s0f klg pgsf] OR5f
/ cg'dlt lagf xlNn+b}g .Ú
cNnfxsf ;DjGwdf crDdsf] o:tf] 1fg dfgjhfltsf] nflu lgs} lxts/
/x]sf] 5 . O{Zj/n] cfkm"af/] k|ofKt 1fg :jod k|sfzgf u/]sf 5g h;n] ubf{
dfgjhfltnfO{ ef}tfl/g] jf cNdlng] cfjZostf g} kb{}g .
pk/f]Qm tYox?af/]] s'/cfgdf s]xL ljifox? cToGt} :ki6 ul/Psf 5g,
O:nfdL cf:yfg';f/ cNnfxsf] d"lt{ agfO{ k"Hg] s'g} ;+s]t klg kfO+b}g . of]
Pp6f o:tf] laGb' xf] h;df klxnfsf w]/} dflg;x? kye|i6 ePsf 5g . ;|i6f /
;[li6 cnu / k[ys x'g . cNnfxsf u'0fx? p;sf] kljqtf / dxfgtfaf6 k"0f{
5g . cNnfxsf] s'g} u'0f / dfG5]sf] To;} u'0faLr s]xL ;Do'Qm ;f]r cfP klg
j:t'tM b'a}sf] pkof]lutfdf ;dfgtf 5}g . o;k|sf/ cNnfxn] :jod s'/cfgdf
eg]sf 5g, …cNnfxh:tf] c? sf]xL xf]Og / pgL ;j{>f]tf Pj+ ;j{b|i6f x'g .Ú -
s'/cfg, $@ M !!_
oxf“ d"lt{ k"hfsf] k"0f{ c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 hals To;}a]nf cNnfx ;'Gb5
/ b]Vb5 eGg] k'li6 ul/G5 . d'l:ndx? ;w}+ cNnfxsf] k"0f{tfaf]w u/fp“5g, slxn]
klg p;nfO{ c;'xfpFbf] t/Lsfdf a0f{g u/]/ xf]RofpFb}gg . g t cNnfx
dflg;e“m}+ u'0fx? /fVb5 g dflg; g} O{Zj/Lo u'0f /fVb5 . cl3Nnf] l;4fGtsf]
pn+3g ug'{ :ki6 cgf:yf / cNnfx;“u ;dsIfL / ;femf 7x/fpg' xf] .
pkf;gf ug]{ :jefj dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;b]lv g} pgLx?leq cjl:yt
/x]sf] 5 . pgLx?nfO{ k"hf / pkf;gfsf] nflu Pp6f O{Zj/ cjZo rflxof] .
pgLx?nfO{ Toxf“ s'g} ljz]if / ;j{dxfg cl:tTj x'g' h;sf] cufl8 pgL ljlGt
/ ljgd|tf u?g eGg] yfx 5 . tfklg pgLx?dWo] w]/}n] cfkmgf cfzf, e/f];f,
;kgf / cfsf+Iff ;fwf/0ftof cfb/ / pkf;gf of]Uo gx'g] j:t'x?df /fVb5g,
logL k|s[ltsf zlQm, lghL{j j:t', cGo dflg;, d"lt{, /fi6« tyf uf]q cflb x'G5g
. pkf;gfsf tL ldYof lrhx? ltgsf cfsf+Iff / af]s]sf ;kgfx? k"/f u/fpg
;S5g eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{sf lglDt pgLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ afWo kf5{g . csf]{

17. ~ 16 ~
zAbdf, pgLx? cfkmgf] pkf;gfsf tL ldYof j:t'x?nfO{ O{Zj/sf] u'0f k|bfg
ug{ yfNb5g . cNnfxtk{m kms{g' tyf cNnfxnfO{ pgsf u'0fx?åf/f lrGxfpg'
clg …pgn] vf]h]sf] zlQm jf:tjdf cNnfx g} xf], eGg] dfGg'sf] ;§f pgLx?
pkf;gf, dfof / k"hfsf] nflu cGo j:t'lt/ pGd'v x'G5g . o;n] ubf{ pgL
l;wf dfu{ / cfkmgf] ;xL O{Zj/af6 e6s]/ w]/} 6f9f uO;s]sf 5g .
pQm 7"nf] q'6Laf/] cNnfxn] cg]s 7fp“df k|i6ofPsf 5g . cNnfxdf
ePsf u'0fx?nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ q'l6sf h'g ;|f]tx?tkm{ logLx? pGd'v x'G5g, Tof]
ltgLx?sf u'0faf/]sf] a]7Ls cf:yf xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g,
…-x] d'xDdb Û dfgjhfltl;t_ elgb]pm, s] ltdLx? cNnfxnfO{ 5f]8]/ To;sf]
pkf;gf u5f}{ h;n] g ltdLx?nfO{ s'g} xflg k'¥ofpg] ;fdYo{ /fV5 g s'g} nfe
g} < /, cNnfx ;j{>f]tf / ;j{1 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, % M &^_
cNnfx k'gM eG5g, …ltgLx?eGbf a9L kye|i6 sf] x'g ;S5 hf]
cNnfxnfO{ 5f]8L o:tf lrhx?nfO{ k'sf{5g h;n] dxfk|no;Dd klg ltgLx?sf]
k|fy{gf :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg a? ltgsf k|fy{gfaf/] cgle1 5g < /, ha
dflg;x?nfO{ Pslqt ul/g]5 ta tL k"Hox? ltgLx?sf zq' x'g]5g /
ltgLx?sf] pkf;gfnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ ug{]5g .Ú -s'/cfg, $^ M %–^_
;+If]kdf, s;}n] cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx? 7Ls;“u hfg]kl5 sbflk
pgLafx]s c? s;}nfO{ klg pkf;gflt/ df]8g x'Fb}g . pkf;gfsf tL unt
cl:tTjx?dWo] sf]xL klg pkf;gfsf nfos x'g ;Sb}gg . ltgLx?sf] pkf;gf
ub}{ / ltgLx?nfO{ cfkmgf] nIo agfp“b} dflg; cfkm"nfO{ cjd"No dfq ub{5g .
;a}eGbf glgsf], …pgLx? cNnfxnfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{, pgL;“u ;dsIfLx?sf]
;dLs/0f ub}{ pgL;Fu l/; cfh{g tyf cfkmgf] v/fa cGTosf] tof/L ul//x]sf
x'G5g .Ú

18. ~ 17 ~
;+If]k
cNnfxdf ;xL cf:yf g} O:nfdL cf:yfsf] lgrf]8 / sf]z]9'+uf xf] . oxL g}
;f“rf] klg xf] . lhGbuL ;'vL x'g'sf], lhGbuL 7Ls x'g'sf], jf:tljstf a'emg'sf]
tyf v'zL / zflGt k|flKtsf] nflu ;fFrf] klg xf] . dflg;n] cNnfxnfO{ /fd|/L
hfg]kl5 cNnfxsf] ;§f s;}sf] pkf;gf p;sf] dgdf cfpg} ;Sb}g . …o;}sf]
nflu p;sf] cfTdfsf] ;[li6 / oxL p;sf] lhGbuLsf] p2]Zo xf]Ú oxL s'/f
p;nfO{ ljZjf; x'G5 . h;n] Psrf]l6 Ps cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] ;'Gb/tf
a'emb5, pm To;afx]s c? s;}sf] pkf;gf ug{ slxNo} klg /x/ jf OR5f k|s6
ug{ ;Sb}g . o;}af6 p;sf] cfTdfnfO{ 9'Ss / p;sf] d'6'nfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'g]5.
a|fXdf08 / dfgjhflt
a|fXdf08sf] ;[li6 / cNnfxsf] cl:tTjtkm{ o;sf] ;+s]t
a|fXfdf08nfO{ ljleGg txx?af6 ;[hgf ul/Psf] 5 . oxf“ k[YjLsf] pkNnf]
txdf pHHjn ;d"x / zf}o{ d08n /x]sf] 5 . k[YjLdf kxf8, dxf;fu/ / e"O{“
h:tf lghL{j j:t'x? /x]sf 5g . oxf“ hgfj/x?sf] cfkmgf] 7"nf] ljljwtfsf
;fy clw/fHo /x]sf] 5 . oxf“ ;[li6sf cGo ?kx? klg 5g h;nfO{ dflg;n]
cfh klg kQf nufP/ cufl8 uO/x]sf 5g . oL ;a} j:t'tM O{Zj/Lo sd{sf
;[hgfTds lx:;f x'g . …cNnfxn] g} cfsfz / k[YjLx?sf] ;[hgf u/]sf x'g,
s'/cfgdf of] s'/f :ki6 ?kdf ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .
s'/cfgsf cg]s Znf]sx?df ;[li6sf ljleGg ?ktk{m cNnfxn] cf}+NofpF5g
/ ltgLx?nfO{ lrGxsf] ?kdf lrGtg ug]{ dflg;sf] nflu aofg ub{5g .
pbfx/0ftM cNnfx eG5g, …cfsfz tyf wtL{sf] ;[li6df, /ft Pj+ lbgsf] Pskl5
csf{]sf] cfjt–hfjtdf, dflg;x?sfnflu nfebfos ;fdu|Lx? lnP/ ;d'b|df
lxF8g] 8'ªufx?df, cfsfzaf6 cNnfxn] aiff{Psf kfgLdf h;af6 pgn] d'bf{
e"ldnfO{ hLljt kf5{g clg wtL{df w]/} k|sf/sf hLj–hGt' km}nfpF5g tyf
xfjfsf] axglqmofdf / cfsfz Pj+ k[YjLaLr lgoGq0fdf /flvPsf afbndf
lgZro g} a'l4dfgx?sf nflu ;+s]tx? 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M !^$_

19. ~ 18 ~
cfhsf] sf]nfxn ;+;f/df of] ;+/rgf / o;df dfG5]x?sf] pkl:ylt tyf
oL ;a}sf] k5fl8sf p2]Zox?dfly lrGtg ug]{ ;do s]xL yf]/} JolQmx?;“u dfq}
5 . tfklg dflg;sf] nflu o;df ;f]rljrf/ ug{sf lglDt ;do lgsfNg'
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb pgLx? o:tf] u5{g eg] pgLx?nfO{ cfkmgf] lhGbuLdf
cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ cyf{t O{Zj/tk{msf] l;wf dfu{lt/ 8f]¥ofpg] lrGx / kf7x?
cjZo e]6fOg]5g . oL lrGxx? pgL cfkmgf] :joddfly ljrf/ ubf{ jf:tjdf
pgsf] jl/kl/ cjl:yt 5g . To;}n] cNnfx eG5g, …xfdL rfF8} g} ltgLx?nfO{ -
hutsf]_ lIflthdf / ltgLx? :jodleq klg cfkmgf lgzfgLx? b]vfpg]5f}+ .Ú -
s'/cfg, $! M %#_
o; ;[li6sf] hl6ntf / >[ªvnfnfO{ dgg ubf{ dflg;nfO{ cjZo Ps
a'l4dQf ;|i6f x'g'sf ;fy} o; ;+/rgf k5fl8 cjZo s'g} p2]Zo ePsf] ljZjf;
x'G5 . …s;}n] s'g} j:t'sf] o:tf ;'Idtf / k"0f{tfsf;fy ;+/rgf u/]sf] xf];, k]ml/
klg Tof] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfsf] s'g} cfzo / p2]Zo gxf];, csfNklgs xf] . o;}
ljGb'tk{m cNnfxn] s'/cfgsf cg]s 7fp“df ;+s]t u/]sf 5g . pbfx/0fsf ?kdf
cNnfx eG5g, …xfdLn] cfsfz / k[YjL tyf tL b'a}aLrsf j:t'x?nfO{ v]n7§fdf
;[li6 u/]sf xf]Ogf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, @! M !^_
s'/cfgsf] ax;cg';f/ o;sf] c? s'g} pko'Qm lgisif{;Dd k'Ug' ;Dej
5}g . j:t'tM sf]xL O{Zj/nfO{ ;|i6f dfG5, …p;} >]i7 / dxfg cl:tTjn] oL ;a}
>[ªvnf / ;'Gb/tfnfO{ ;[hgf u/]sf x'g eGg] 7x/ klg u5{, clg …o;
;+/rgfsf] s'g} p2]Zo 5}gÚ eGg] lgisif{;Dd pm sbflk k'Ug ;Sb}g . Pp6f
;|i6fdf ljZjf; /fv]kl5 ;|i6fsf] cfkmgf] o; ;[li6 k5fl8 s'g} p2]Zo jf ;f]r
5}g eGg] kTof/ ug{' ;|i6fnfO{ aRrf h:t} tyf u}/a'l4dfg atfpg' xf] . To:tf]
cljj]s ;|i6fn] cfddflg; ;fIfL /x]sf] o:tf] ;[li6 pTkGg ug{ ;S5, kTofpg'
ufx|f] 5 . xf]Og, j:t'tM ;[li6n] ;|i6fsf] lglZrt u'0fx?tk{m cf}+Nofp“5 / o;
;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfsf] k5fl8 Pp6f dxTk"0f{ / dxfg p2]Zo x'g]tk{m ;+s]t u5{ .
k|s[ltsf] ;du| cl:tTjn] ;|i6fsf] Psbd cgf}7f] rl/q ePsf] hgfp“5, pgL of]
;[li6sf s'g} klg lrh v]njf8sf nflu jf ljgf sf/0f ;[hgf ub}{gg .

20. ~ 19 ~
o; ;[li6dfly dfq} lrGtg ubf{ hf] sf]xLnfO{ k|fKt x'g] bf];|f] clt
dxTjk"0f{ lgisif{, …h;n] o;nfO{ cgl:tTjaf6 ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 pgL ;xh}
o;nfO{ k'gM ;[hgf ug{ ;S5gÚ lg:sG5 . /, pgL cj;fgkl5 k'gM ;[hgf ug{
;Sg] ePdf cjZo pgL ;a}nfO{ d[To'kl5 p7fpg / cfkm" ;fd'Gg] v8f ug{ klg
;S5g . o; lgisif{df dfgjhflt / ;+;f/df ltgsf] Jojxf/sf] nflu :ki6tf
w]/} cz'e k|lt3ftx? ljBdfg /x]sf 5g . t;y{ s'/cfgel/df cNnfxn]
dflg;nfO{ oL oyfy{ / cy{ b]vfPsf / a'emfPsf 5g . pbfx/0ftM cNnfx
eG5g, …/, p;n] xfd|f]nflu pbfx/0f lbg yfNof] clg cfkmgf] ;[li6 la:{of] .
eGof], oL ;8]un]sf xf8x?nfO{ s;n] hLljt ug{ ;S5 < elgb]pm, ltgnfO{
pg}n] hLljt kfg{]5g h;n] ltgnfO{ klxnf]k6s ;[li6 u/]sf lyP . pgL k|To]s
;[li6sf 1ftf x'g . h;n] ltdLx?sf]nflu xl/of] a[Ifaf6 cfuf] lgsfn] clg
To;}af6 t ltdLx? cfuf]] ;Nsfp“5f} . s] h;n] cfsfzx? tyf wtL{ ;[li6 u/],
pgL ltgLx? h:t}nfO{ ;[li6 ug{ ;dy{ 5}gg < lsg 5}gg < pgL t dxfg
;[li6stf{ Pj+ ;j{1 x'g . ha pgL s'g} sfo{sf] ;+sNk u5{g To;sf]nflu pgsf]
sfo{ eOxfn eGg' dfq x'G5, clg Tof] eOxfN5 . clg kljq 5g pgL h;sf]
xftdf k|To]s j:t'sf] clwkTo /x]sf] 5 / ltdLx? ;a} pg}tk{m kmsf{Og]5f} .Ú -
s'/cfg, #^M &*–*#_
o;k|sf/ of] ;[li6 -o; ;+/rgfsf] k5fl8 cjZo Pp6f p2]Zo 5,
oyfy{sf] ;Gbe{df_ d[To'kl5 p7fOg'sf :ki6 lrGxx? 5g . d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjg -
d[To"k/Gt_ sf] wf/0ff k|s[lt;“u afemb}g a? of] k"0f{tof To;sf] cg'?k 5 .
d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjgnfO{ hf] c:jLsf/ u5{g ltgsf] cg'dfg cg';f/ cNnfxn]
kSs} s'sdL{x?l;t eQmx? h:t} Jojxf/ ug]{5g . of] c;Dej cg'dfg xf] .
To:tf] ;f]r O{Zj/df cf:yf g/fVg]x?sf] dfq xf], o;nfO{ cNnfxn] k|sfzgf ub}{
o:tf] sbflk gx'gnfO{ :ki6 kf5{g . cNnfx eGb5g, …/, xfdLn] csfz / k[YjL
tyf oL b'a}dfemsf lrhx?nfO{ Joy{ ;[hgf u/]sf 5}gf}+ . of] t sflkm/x?sf]
;f]rfO{ xf] . clg sflkm/x?sf]nflu g/ssf] oftgf /x]sf] 5 . s] xfdL cf:yfjfg
tyf ;TsdL{x?nfO{ wtL{df ljWj+; dRrfpg] dflg;x?h:t} agfpF5f}+ t jf
O{zeo /fVg]x?nfO{ b'isdL{x?h:t} agfpF5f}+ / <Ú -s'/cfg, #* M @&–@*_

21. ~ 20 ~
…;[li6df o:tf cTolws lrGx / cNnfxsf] k|sfzgfdf o:tf cTolws
;"rs tyf kf7x? e]6]kl5 dfG5]n] cfkm" jl/kl/sf ;a} k|df0fx?l;t 7Ls;“u
k|ltpQ/ gu/]df p;sf] kl/0ffd s] xf]nf <Ú s;}n] ;f]Wg ;S5 .
dfgjhflt / ;[li6
oL ;[hgfx?dWo] dfgjhflt s]xL k[ys / ljif]z /x]sf] 5 . tfklg k|yd
dfgjsf] k|f/lDes ef}lts ;[hgf ljZjsf cGo hGt'x?sf] ;[hgfeGbf w]/} km/s
lyPg . s'/cfgsf cg';f/ k|yd dfgj cfbdsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf o; cGtl/Ifdf
k"j{b]lv ;[lht b'O{j6f tTj df6f] / kfgLaf6 ePsf] lyof] . Tof] t bf];|f] r/0f
lyof] h;df k|yd k'?if cfbdsf] ;[li6sf] ljz]iftf :yflkt eof] . To; r/0fdf
dflg;nfO{ Psbd cnu / ck"j{ lsl;dsf] k|f0fL agfOof], pgLx?df Pp6f
ef}lts cfsf/ / cNnfxn] ltgnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] Pp6f ljz]if cfWoflTds efj
ld;fOof] . jf:tjdf o;}n] g} pgLx?nfO{ of] ;dfg u|xdfly cGo k|f0fLx?af6
w]/} k[ys u/]sf] 5 .
dfgjhfltsf cnu s]xL ljz]if clenIf0fx? lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5gM
-!_ lrGtgzLn g};lu{s efpm, h'g Pp6} cNnfxsf] pkf;gfdf ljZjf;
u/fpgsf] nflu tTk/ / sf/0f x'G5 .
-@_ dfgjhfltnfO{ cNnfxn] k|bfg u/]sf] a'l4dfkm{t ljifoj:t'x?nfO{
;Demg] / a'emg] Ifdtf / Nofst .
-#_ /fd|f] jf v/fa dfu{dWo] h];'s} klg ckgfpg] :jtGq OR5fzlQm tyf
/f]h]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu ;Lldt :jtGq OR5fzlQm klg .
-$_ /f]h]sf] ljifok|lt hjfkmb]xL, h'g :jtGq OR5fzlQm / Ifdtf lbOg'sf]
clgjfo{ kl/0ffd xf] .
-%_ oL ;a} oyfjt x'Fbfx'Fb} s'/cfgdf cf}+NofOPsf] Pp6f yk oyfy{,
…;[li6sf ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]tx? p;sf] pkef]usf] nflu, p;sf] jzdf ul/Psf 5g .Ú

22. ~ 21 ~
pk/f]Qm ljz]if nIf0fx? lbPkl5 …dfG5]sf] lhGbuL Pp6f ljz]if p2]Zosf]
nflu xf]Ú eGg] p;n] a'emg'k5{ .
…pgLx?nfO{ VofnVofnsf nflu agfpg'eGbf ;|i6f w]/} a'l4dfg / clt
kljq 5Ú, dflg;sf] ;[li6 / pgLx?n] kfPsf] ljz]if u'0faf6 x/]sn] a'emg'k5{ .
o;af/] cNnfx eG5g, …ctM s] xfdLn] ltdLx?nfO{ Aoy{ ;[li6 u/]sf 5f}+< /,
ltdLx? xfdLtk{m kms{]/ cfpg] 5}gf} eg] cg'dfg ul//fv]sf 5f} <Ú -s'/cfg, @# M
!!%_
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL / dflg;nfO{ ;[hgf ug]{ tyf To;eGbf klg 7"nf] / dxfg
;|i6fn] dflg;nfO{ ljgf lgb]{zg jf pgLx?n] ug{] jf gug{] s'/fx? atfP a]u/
5f]8g]jfnf 5}g . p;n] hgfj/x?nfO{ klg ltgn] af“Rg'sf s'/f lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5
. o;sf] nflu cNnfx eGb5g, …s] dg'ion] of] 7fg]sf] 5 ls pm o:t} -a]nufd_
5fl8g]5 < -s'/cfg, &% M #^_
t;y{ …of] hLjgdf dfG5]sf sd{x? p;sf] :jodtkm{ Pp6f jf:tljs
pkzfvf /fV5gÚ dfG5]n] a'emg'k5{ . o; cy{df, p;n] u/]sf] s'g} sd{ a]dtna
jf ljgf sf/0fsf 5}gg . p;sf] hLjgsf] oxf“ s] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 eg] tyf ;|i6f
p;sf x/]s sd{, ;f]r, lgot / lx+88'naf6 cjut 5 .
…o; hLjgdf p;sf] Pp6f p2]Zo 5, o;nfO{ a'emg dfgjhfltsf] nflu
clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . pQm 7DofO{ hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] klxnf] sbd x'g;S5,
h;df cfkmgf dxfg / rlst kfg]{ ;[hgftkm{ s;}n] cfkmgf] k"0f{ OR5fn]
;dk{0fsf] nflu kms{g ;S5 . pQm oyfy{ ga'lemsg s'g} ljz]if t/Lsfaf6
Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo jf cy{sf] vf“rf] gx'g klg ;S5 . s'g}
cf}lrTo gx'g', g}lts tj/n] s]xL unt jf s]xL ;xL gx'g', s'g} O{Zj/ gx'g' jf
cl:tTjsf] s'g} p2]Zo gx'g'sf] cfzo eof], …dflg; cfkmgf] dgk/L h'g z}nLdf
klg Jojxf/ u?g . o; ;[li6sf] jf:tljstf, o;sf] p2]Zo / o;df p;sf]
st{Jotkm{ dflg;sf cf“vfx? v'n]kl5 Toxf“ 7"nf] / ulx/f] c;/ x'g;S5 .
cd]l/sL sf/fuf/x?df sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ o; u|Gysf/sf]] lghL cg'ej /x]sf] 5 .
cg]s s}bLx?l;t …pgLx?n] cfkmgf ck/fw lsg u/]Ú eg]/ ;f]Wbf ;a}sf]
Psgf;sf] k|Zg x'GYof], …lsg g ug'{kg]{ <Ú …pgLx? o; ck/fwaf6 6f9f /x]sf]

23. ~ 22 ~
eP gklqmGy]Ú pgL ;a}l;tsf] Pp6} k|ltpQ/ lyof] . Pp6f ;|i6fk|lt
hjfkmb]xLtf jf o; hLjgsf] p2]Zoaf/] lrGtgsf] s'g} k|ltpQ/ lyPg . …of]
cl:tTj cy{xLg / ;+hf]u dfq xf]Ú h:tf] lgs} d"Vof{O{o'Qm ljZjf; /fv]sf
dflg;sf] ;f]r lj?4 s;}n] w]/} ax; ug{ ;Sb}g .
clxn] s]xL dflg;x?, …dfgjhflt s]jn qmlds pGglt ub{} hgfj/af6
pTkGg ePsf x'gÚ h:tf] O:nfdL cf:yf ljk/Lt ljZjf; /fV5g . o:tf] ;f]r
cg';f/, …dflg; s]jn ef}lts tTjx?sf] bf]xf]/f] k|lqmof x'g tyf lgs6td
uf]qsf] gSsncg';f/ hgfj/af6 k|ToIf cf]n{]sf 5g .Ú …Toxf“ dfG5] / af“b/aLr
w]/} s8Lx? x/fPsf 5g tyf j}1flgs ljrf/x? klg qmlds pGgltsf] l;4fGt
lj?4 prflnPsf 5gÚ oyfy{nfO{ oxf“ a]jf:tf ul/Psf] 5 . s] of] ck/Dkf/ /
zfgbf/ ljZj a|fXdf08sf ;a} lx:;faf/] To;f] x'g ;S5 t < s] hgfj/eGbf w]/}
k/ / pRr Ifdtf lbPsf dflg; s'g} >]i7 p2]Zo jf ;|i6fk|lt hjfkmb]lx a]u/
hgfj/eGbf al9 s]xL xf]Ogg < …of] b[li6sf]0f jf:tjdf k"0f{tM s'tfls{s /
cfGtl/s lx;fan] w]/} xflgsf/s 5Ú eGg] 7x/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
dfgjcfTdf g};lu{stj/n] kfkL x'g'df klg s]xL dflg; ljZjf; ub{5g .
o;sf] ljk/Lt, ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_
:jodn] eg]sf 5g, …x/]s aRrf lkmT/x -k|fs[lts dfu{ cyf{t O:nfd wd{_ df
hGdG5 . t/ tL p;sf cfdfa'jf x'g hf] p;nfO{ ox'bL, lqmlZrog cyjf
dh';L agfpg] u5{{g .Ú -!)_ …aRrf g};lu{stj/n] kfkL hGdG5Ú …x/]s aRrf
;f“rf] wd{df hGdG5Ú eGbf w]/} k/ 5 . To;kl5 kl/jf/, ;dfh / jftfj/0fsf]
s'k|efjåf/f sf]xL cz'4 dfu{ cg';/0f ug{ k'U5 .
w]/} O{zfO{x? …g};lu{s kfkÚsf] ljrf/df ljZjf; /fV5g . …k|yd dfgj
cfbdn] h'g kfk u/]sf lyP Tof] pgsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Gtltdfly nfu]sf] 5Ú pQm
ljZjf;sf] cy{ xf] . t;y{ aRrfnufot x/]ssf] sfFwdfly Tof] nfu]sf] 5 . -
pgsf] egfO{g';f/_ To;nfO{ x6fpg] Pp6} pkfo xf], …O{Zj/n] cfkmgf] k'qnfO{
aln r9fpg' .Ú of] cf:yf ljz]iftM To;sf] clGtd efu :ki6;“u O:nfdL
Ps}Zjfbsf] lj?4 /x]sf] 5 . O{Zj/sf] cfkmgf] s'g} k'q 5}g . pm cfkmgf] s'g}
;dsIf jf s;}nfO{ s'g} lx;fan] cfkmgf] t'Nn jf cfkmgf] s'g} gft]bf/ /fVb}g .

24. ~ 23 ~
O:nfdL dfGotfcg';f/ cfbd / xJjf b'a}n] z}tfgåf/f 5lnP/;“u;“u}
uNtL u/]sf lyP . tfklg pgLx? b'a}n] O{Zj/;“u kZrftfk u/] tyf O{Zj/n]
ltgsf] kZrftfk :jLsf/ u/] . oxfF g} ltgLx?sf] kfksf] cGTo eof] . Tof] kfk
c?dfly nfUg] cy{} 5}g . cem al9 csf{sf] kfkaf/] lgbf]{if JolQmx?nfO{ bf]ifL
agfpg' cNnfxsf] nflu xb};Ddsf] cGofo xf] . o;af/] cNnfx eG5g, …h;n]
hlt sdfpF5 p;sf] efuLbf/ cfkm}+ x'G5 . /, s'g} klg ef/L af]Sg]n] c? s;}sf]
ef/L af]Sg] 5}g .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M !^$_
t;y{ O:nfdL kl/b[Zodf g};lu{s kfksf] ljrf/wf/f :ki6tM e"m7f] /
;f/df xflgsf/s b]lvG5 . o;n] O{Zj/ / p;sf] Gofoaf/] clt unt efjgf
lbG5 . cem o;n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] cfTdf g};lu{s tj/n] kfkL x'g] cf:yfaf6
b'lift agfp“+5 .
cfTdfaf/] O:nfdL ljrf/wf/f cl3sf lrGtsx?sf] uNtL / a]7Ls wfld{s
ljZjf;x?af6 :jtGq 5 . o;n] dfgjhfltnfO{ p;sf] 7Ls e"ldsfdf /fV5 /
of] k"0f{tof dfG5]sf] :jefj cg's'n, o'lQm;+“ut / ;[li6sf] df}hbft xf] .
dfgjsf] bhf{
dflg; cNnfxsf ;[hgf x'g . dflg; s'g} klg z}nLdf h;/L klg
O{Zj/Lo x'Fb}gg . pgLx? s'g} O{Zj/Lo u'0fdf klg cNnfxsf] lx:;]bf/ 5}gg . of]
;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt / JolQm ljz]ifsf] nflu klg Psbd ;xL s'/f] xf] . sf]xL dfG5]
O{Zj/sf] jf:tljs k'q jf k'qL x'g ;Sb}gg . …cNnfxn] ;+/rgf u/]sfdWo]
dflg; ;aeGbf 7"nf] jf ;aeGbf dxfg klg xf]Ogg, of] pgLx?n] :jLsf/
ug'{k5{ . cNnfx eG5g, …cfsfzx? / k[YjLsf] ;[hgf lg;Gb]x g} dfgjhfltsf]
;[hgfeGbf dxfg sfo{ xf] .Ú -s'/cfg, $) M %&_
…dfG5] ;f“lRrs} cNnfxsf] cfd;+/rgfdWo] Pp6f ;fgf] c+z xf]Ú ljrf/
ubf{ p;n] ljgd| x'g'k5{ . pk/f]Qm j0f{g ul/P cg';f/ cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{
ljleGg cfzLif aV;]sf / pgLx?nfO{ cfkmgf cglulGt ;[li6x?eGbf dfly / al9
u'0fx? lbPsf 5g .

25. ~ 24 ~
jf:tjdf x/]s JolQmsf] k|ltIffdf b'O{j6f leGg ;DefJotfx? /xG5g . ;f]
cj:yf k|f/lDes dfG5]sf] k|f/lDes ;+/rgfb]lv g} sfod /x]sf] 5 . cfbdsf]
;[li6kl5 kml/Ztfx? -:ju{b"t_ nfO{ cfbdsf] ;fi6fË ug{] x's'd lbOPsf] lyof] .
oL kml/Ztfx? kf/nf}lss zlQmaf6 vfFlbPsf x'G5g, logLx?n] dflg;nfO{ ;'sd{
ug{ rfxg]a]nf ltgLx?sf] 5]j}df /x]/ ;w}+ 6]jf k'¥ofp“5g . Toltv]/ Toxf“ z}tfg
-!!_ klg lyof], p;n] dfgjhfltsf] b'Zdg /xg] / ;s];Dd pgLx?nfO{ kye|i6
ug{]{ zky lnPsf] lyof] . o;k|sf/ b'O{ ;DefJotfx? :yflkt ePsf lyP . dflg;
dflyeGbf dfly psNg cyjf tneGbf tn cf]n{gsf] nflu :jtGq 5 .
oyfy{df hLjgsf] p2]Zo cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ug{' / pgnfO{ v'zL kfg{' xf] .
o;k|sf/ abnfdf pgsf] v'zL klg k|fKt ug{' xf] . O{Zj/sf] ;Rrf ;]js x'g'
dfgjhfltsf] c;Ld p2]Zo xf] . o;eGbf 7"nf] c? s'g} p2]Zo xf]Og . s]jn
oxL p2]Zo dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfsf] nflu jf:tjdf ;xL ;fFrf] :yfgdf Nofpg
;S5 lsgls dflg;sf] cfTdfdf o;}sf] ulx/f] klxrfg /x]sf] 5 .
o;eGbf cl3 a9]/ …cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ub}{ sf]xL klg w]/} pTs[i6, >]i7 /
OHhtbf/ x'g;S5 . To;eGbf dxfg jf >]i7 sf]xL x'Fb}gÚ clwstd ;DefJotf
x'G5 . of] x/]slg/ :ki6 x'g'k5{ . hlt al9 pm To; p2]Zotkm{ lx“85, Tolt
al9 g} pm efUodfgL x'gk'U5 / Psdfq ;f“rf] O{Zj/ tyf :jfdLlt/ cfkm"nfO{
;dk{0f ubf{ p;n] al9 OHht cfef; ug{'k5{ . pQm oyfy{ :jLsf/]kl5 o;
;DefJotfnfO{ 7"nf] kfg{sf lglDt p;n] k|lt:k|4f{ ug{'k5{ .
jf:tjdf s;}n] :ki6 p2]Zo /fVg :jLsf/]kl5 p;sf] cfTdfdf sf]lzzx?
uxg x'G5g . p;nfO{ p2]Zox?sf] ckf/ ;f]rsf] k5fl8 nv]6g] cfjZostf
kb}{g, tLdWo] s'g}nfO{ klg k"0f{tof k"/f ug{' of]Uo jf To;af6 ;Gt'i6 x'g'nfos
pm slxn] klg x'“b}g . -w]/}h;f] dflg;sf p2]Zox? k/:k/ lj/f]wL x'g] ub{5g /
pgLx? tL ;a}nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gg ._
O:nfddf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjsf] ;f/e"t ;dfgtf
h'g a'“bfnfO{ ;dfTg cfw'lgs ;dfhn] clxn] klg sf]lzz ul//x]sf] 5
To;df O:nfdsf] lzIff hf]8bf/ ?kdf p7g] u/]sf] 5 . Tof] ;Dk"0f{ dflg;sf]

26. ~ 25 ~
;f/e"t ;dfgtf xf] . ;a} dflg;x? cNnfxsf ;+/rgf x'g, pgLx?dWo] x/]sdf
cNnfx;fd' ;dk{0f / pkf;gf ub}{ dfgjhfltsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] p“rfO{;Dd k'Ug]
Ifdtf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/ dflg; dflg;aLr s'g} lje]b 5}g,
pgLx?sf] /f]hfO{n] dfq pgLx?nfO{ cNnfx, sfg"g / ;d'bfosf cGo
;b:ox?sf] b[li6df cnu ug]{5 . uf]q, /+u / /fli6«otfsf] o;df s'g} klg
e"ldsf 5}g .
cNnfx eG5g, …x] dfgj Û xfdLn] ltdLx?nfO{ Ps k'?if tyf Ps :qLaf6
;[li6 u¥of}+ / ltdLx?sf ljleGg hflt tyf a+z agfof}+ tfls ltdLx? Ps
csf{nfO{ lrGg ;s . jf:tjdf cNnfxsf] b[li6df ltdLx?dWo] ;jf{lws k|ltli7t
Tof] JolQm xf] hf] ltdLx?dWo] ;a}eGbf clws O{zeo /fV5 . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx
;j{1 tyf ;';"lrt 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, $( M !#_
;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb–pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] e]nf ul/Psf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] hg;d"x cufl8 pk/f]Qm s'/cfgL lzIffnfO{ JoQm ubf{ o;/L cem
al9 :ki6 u/]sf lyP, …x] dflg;x? xf] Û ltd|f] :jfdL ;f“lRrs} Pp6} xf] / ltd|f]
jf:tljs lktf klg Pp6} xf] . lg;Gb]x s'g} c/aLnfO{ s'g} u}/c/aLdfly s'g}
>]i7tf 5}g g s'g} u}/c/aLnfO{ c/aLdfly s'g} >]i7tf k|fKt 5 . To;}u/L
uf]/f]nfO{ sfnf]dfly s'g} >]i7tf 5}g g g} sfnf]nfO{ uf]/f]dfly s'g} >]i7tf k|fKt
5 . elQmåf/f dfq} sf]xL csf]{dfly al9 >]i7 x'G5 . s] jf:tjdf d}n] ltdL;Dd
;Gb]z k'¥ofO;s]+<Ú-!@_
dfgjhfltaLr cGt/ ltgdf ljefhgsf] sf/0f x'g'sf] ;§f ;|i6fsf]
dxfgtftkm{ cf}+Nofp“5 . cNnfx eG5g, …/, cNnfxs} lgzfgLx?dWo] xf]
cfsfzx? tyf wtL{sf] ;[li6 / ltdLx?sf efiffx? Pj+ j0f{x?sf] leGgtf .
lgZro g} o;df 1fgLx?sf nflu w]/} lgzfgLx? /x]sf 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, #) M
@@_
o;k|sf/ cNnfxsf] ;fFrf] pkf;s x'g'sf] åf/ uf]q / /fli6«otf h:tf
s'/fl;t ;/f]sf/ g/fvL ;a}sf] nflu v'nf 5 . …cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] o;}
dfWodn] jf:tjdf sf]xL OHht / dof{bfsf] xsbf/ / u'0fx?af6 kl/k"0f{ x'G5
eGg] O:nfdL l;4fGt Oltxf;el/df lg/Gt/ Jojxfl/s /x]sf] 5 .

27. ~ 26 ~
O:nfdaf/] b'ik|rf/tkm{ Wofg glbPsf] ePdf dfgjhfltsf] ;f/e"t
;dfgtfdf :qL / k'?if b'a} ;fd]n 5g . cNnfx Pp6f kf/nf}lss cl:tTj /
pkf;gfsf] Psn xsbf/ x'g'df k'?if / :qLaLr -!#_ s]xL lje]b 5}g . O{Zj/lg/
b'a} ;dfg 5g .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu cNnfx eG5g, …k'?if xf]; jf dlxnf h;n] O{dfg NofP/
;Tsd{ u5{ xfdL cjZo g} p;nfO{ kljq hLjgofkg u/fpg]5f}+ / pgLx?n]
u/]sf sfo{x?sf] pQd k|ltbfg k|bfg ug{]5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M (&_ o; Znf]ssf]
cy{nfO{ s'/cfgsf cGo :yfgx?df klg bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] kfOG5 .
…O:nfdn] dlxnfx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf xs Pj+ clwsf/x? klZrdfsf
dlxnfx?n] xfn;Dd kfPsf 5}gg eGg] /fd|/L :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . oLdWo]
;DklQsf] :jfldTj / cfkmgf] lghL Jofkf/ rnfpg] xs Pj+ clwsf/nufotsf
cGo klg w]/} dfldnfx? 5g . x/]s bz{g, wd{ / ;+:s[ltn] s'g} dfldnfsf] al9
d"No 7x/fp“5 t s'g}nfO{ k/ 9s]N5 . O:nfddf ;a}eGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ u'0f
cNnfxsf] elQm / cf1fkfng xf] . O:nfddf bf];|f] al9 d"Nojfg u'0f wd{af/]
1fg x'g' xf] . oL b'a} dfldnfx?df dlxnfx? k"0f{tof k'?if ;dfg 5g . O:nfdL
Oltxf;df dlxnfx?sf] AofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;}u/L pgLx?sf] elQm /
lzIffsf] sb/ klg ul/Psf] 5 . …dflg;sf] d"Nof+sg ltgLx?sf] ;'Gb/tf,
of}gzlQm, v]nsf] bf}8, lta|tf, /fd|f] ufg, gfRg' jf clego ug{'åf/f x'G5,
O:nfdn] eGb}g . oL ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ cfw'lgs ;Eotfn] al9 dxTj lbPklg
O:nfdL b[li6sf]0fdf dflg;sf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ tL kmh"ndWo] x'g . ;du|df o;
hLjgdf al9 d"Nojfg j:t'x? eg]sf] cNnfxsf] elQm / wfld{s 1fg xf] .
O:nfddf dlxnf / k'?if Psbd a/fa/ 5g / O:nfdL gh/df of] a/fa/Lsf]
;aeGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ pbfx/0f klg xf] .
wd{
;[li6 / dflg;x?af/] lj:t[t ax; ul/;s]kl5 ca kfnf] :jod wd{sf]
cfjZostfaf/] ax;sf] cfof] . cem h'g cfwf/df Pp6f wd{ :jLsf/ ug{ nfos
x'g;S5 To;dfly klg ax; x'g h?/L 5 .

28. ~ 27 ~
dflg;nfO{ wd{sf] cfjZostf
ljZj clt w]/} ef}lts r/0fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . lj1fgn] k|s[ltnfO{
lhlt;Sof] / ca wd{, syf / k"j{sf cGwljZjf;x?sf] s'g} cfjZostf g} 5}g
h:tf] nfU5 . tfklg wd{ 6f9f ePsf] 5}g . 6f9f x'g' t a]Un} xfn ;dodf
;+;f/el/df wd{sf] k'g?Tyfg eO;s]sf] 5 .
s'/cfg / ;'Ggtsf] d"nkf7sf] pNn]vcg';f/ dfG5]leq wd{ :jefljs x'g'
:ki6 5 . cNnfxn] dflg;sf] ;[li6 O{Zj/nfO{ hfGg' / p;sf] pkf;gfsf] OR5f
/fVg' g};lu{s efjleq kb{5 . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_ n] klg eg]sf 5g …;'g, ltdLn] ghfg]sf] / d]/f] dflnsn] dnfO{ cfh}
l;sfPsf] s'/f ltdLnfO{ l;sfpg dnfO{ x's'd lbOPsf] 5===-O{Zj/n] eg]sf 5g_,
…d}n] cfkmgf ;Dk"0f{ ;]jsx?nfO{ cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf g};lu{s e'msfpmsf ;fy
;[hgf u/]sf] 5' . t/ z}tfgx? ltgLx?lg/ cfP/ ltgnfO{ ltgsf] -;f“rf]_ wd{af6
6f9f kfl/lbG5g . /, h]hlt ltgLx?sf nflu d}n] j}w u/]sf] 5' To;nfO{ cj}w
agfp“5g / ltgLx?nfO{ d;“u ;dsIfL 7x/fpg] lg/fwf/ cfb]z lbG5g .Ú -!$_
…dflg;df cGt/lglxt g};lu{s e'msfjnfO{ bafpg], n'sfpg] jf aªUofpg]
sf]lzz ug]{ s'zlQmx? klg ljBdfg 5g eGg] pk/f]Qm cg'R5]baf6 klg :ki6
eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ ltgLx?n] dflg;sf] cfTdfsf] ulx/fO{df h/f] uf8]sf] ;TonfO{
eg] sbflk dfg{ ;Sb}gg . s]xLdf ;kmn eP klg ;a}df dfg{ ;Sb}gg . ;a}n]
wd{ gdfg] klg slDtdf s]xL dflg;x? O{Zj/ / wd{ cyf{t cNnfxl;t ;DalGwt
cf:yf / cEof;x?nfO{ ;w}+ dfG5g . …o;k|sf/ g}lts tj/n] x/]s JolQmn]
wd{sf] s'g} g s'g} ?k / clGtd cl:tTj jf O{Zj/df bx|f] ljZjf; ul/;s]sf] 5Ú,
of] crfgssf] s'/f xf]Og .
o; ;+;f/df ef}ltsjfbLx? Pp6f s'/f slxNo} klg c:jLsf/ ug{
;Sb}gg, …dflg;sf] ;+/rgfdf ef}lts c+z;“u;“u} u}/ef}lts c+z klg /x]sf] 5,
To;nfO{ cfTdf jf cnf}lss efu elgG5 .Ú ef}ltsjfbLx? dfgjsf] ef}lts
c+zl;t dfq ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g . pgLx? p;sf] a[xt cnf}lss c+znfO{ ;3fpg
lglDt p;sf] dgdf ljzfn l/Qmtf 5f]8b} s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg . p;n] To;
l/QmtfnfO{ cg'ej u/]kl5 dfq p;nfO{ Toxf“ s]xL unt x'g] osLg x'G5 .

29. ~ 28 ~
pgLx?n] To; l/QmtfnfO{ s]xLaf6 eg{ rfxG5g . oBlk pgLx? w]/} ef}lts s'/f
jf ljleGg ef}lts j:t'x? -dlb/f, nfu' kbfy{_ tkm{ df]8g ;Sb5g t/ o:tf
s'/fx? slxNo} klg ;xL tj/n] pgLx?sf] hLjgsf] z"Gotf eg{ ;Sb}gg .
pgLx? cfkm" jl/kl/sf ef}ltsjfbL k|rf/k|;f/af6 k/ x6]df pgLx?nfO{
…pgsf] hLjg / lbnaf6 x/fPsf] s'/f O{Zj/ / wd{ xf]Ú, kQf nfU5 .
k|Voft O:nfdL ljåfg OAg] t}ldofn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5, …lbn cfkmgf]
dflnssf] pkf;gfsf] dfWodn] p;l;t dfof ub}{ / p;tkm{ -kZrftfkåf/f_
kms{b} dfq :j:y x'g ;S5, ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5, v'zL x'g ;S5, ;Gt'i6 x'g
;S5, cf/fd dx;'; ug{ ;S5, l:y/tf / zflGt kfpg ;S5 . oBlk ;[li6af6
x/ k|sf/sf] ;'v p;nfO{ k|fKt x'g ;S5 t/ 9'Ss jf k|zfGt x'g ;Sb}g .
lsgls lbndf cfkmgf] dflnssf] cfGtl/s OR5f /x]sf] 5, lsgls pm o;sf]
O{Zj/ xf], dfof / cg';/0f xf] / p;;“u o;nfO{ df]h, ;'v, cfgGb, ;'ljwf,
zflGt / l:y/tf k|fKt x'g' lglZrt 5 .Ú -!%_
OAg] t}ldofsf] pk/f]Qm cleAoQmsf] s'/cfgL Znf]sx?af6 klg k'li6 x'G5
. pbfx/0ftM cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …tL JolQmx? Hff] Odfg Nofpg] x'g / h;sf
x[bon] cNnfxsf] :d/0faf6 ;Gt'li6 k|fKt u5{g . /, hflg/fv cNnfxsf]
:d/0faf6 g} x[box? ;Gt'i6 x'g] u5{g .Ú -s'/cfg, !#M@*_
cNnfxn] cem eGb5g, …x] cf:yfjfgx? xf] Û cNnfx / /;"nsf
cfb]zx?nfO{ :jLsf/ u/ ha /;"nn] ltdLx?nfO{ o:tf] sfo{sf nflu af]nfpF5g
h'g ltdLx?nfO{ hLjg k|bfg u5{ . hflg/fv cNnfx dflg; tyf p;sf]
x[boaLr kbf{ aGg k'U5g . /, of] klg hflg/fv ltdLx? pgs};fd' Pslqt
ul/g]5f} .Ú -s'/cfg, * M @$_
k'g{hLjgsf nflu of] g} ;xL hLjg xf], o;}tkm{ cNnfx / p;sf
;Gb]zjfxsn] x/]snfO{ af]nfO/x]sf 5g . lbnsf] oxL p4f/ / oyfy{ hLjg xf]
lsgls o;n] dfG5]nfO{ jf;gf, s'OR5f, s'ljZjf; / syfx?sf] bf; x'g'af6
arfp“5 . of] cfTdfsf] nflu jf:tljs hLjg xf] / o;}n] p;nfO{ cgle1tf,
cfz+sf / cnkqaf6 arfp“5 . of] :jo+ dfG5]sf] nflu ;xL hLjg xf] lsgls

30. ~ 29 ~
o;n] p;nfO{ c? dflg; / bz{gx?sf] clwgtf / bf;tfaf6 arfp“5 . o;n]
pgLx?nfO{ cfk}+m :jLsf/]sf] / cfh{g u/]sf] clGtd p2]Zo cyf{t PSnf]
cNnfxsf] pkf;gf / rfs/L ug{sf] nflu :jtGq kf5{ . of] p;sf] dfgdof{bfsf]
;|f]t / p;sf] ;+/rgfsf] p2]Zo xf] . cGttM of] :ju{df :jfdLl;t v'zL x'g' /
bf;l;t :jfdLn] v'zL x'g'sf], cgGt k/d ;'v / efUodfgL hLjg xf] .
;Towd{sf kl/df0fx?
dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf; kN6fp“bf …dflg; wd{dfGg] OR5f /fVb5g eGg] yfx
x'G5 . tfklg Toxf“ w]/} wd{x? 5g / x/]sn] cfkmgf] wd{nfO{ ;f“rf] wd{;/x
k|:t't ub{5g / To;nfO{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu clt ;~rf] Nofpg] atfp“5 .
o;k|sf/ of] kl/R5]bdf n]vsn] cfkmgf] dfGotf cg';f/ s'g} wd{nfO{ ;f“rf] eg]/
5'6ofpgsf] nflu $ kl/df0fx? k]z ug{ dg k/fPsf 5g .
k|yd, …wd{n] cfkmgf] df}lns ;|f]t cjZo O{Zj/nfO{ 7x/fpg'k5{ .Ú
cl3b]lv pNn]v u/]cg';f/ O{Zj/af/]sf tkl;nx? O{Zj/afx]s s;}n] hfGg
;Sb}g . …;aeGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ s'/f O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf s;/L ug{'k5{Ú
O{Zj/afx]s s;}nfO{ yfx 5}g . dflg; O{Zj/af/] w]/} pko'Qm lgisif{;Dd k'Ug
;Ifd eP klg …s;}n] -O{Zj/sf] k|sfzgf lagf_ O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf ug{] ljlw kQf]
nufPsf] 5Ú df}lns tj/n] bfaL ug{ ;Sb}g . o;k|sf/ s;}sf] dgdf clGtd
p2]Zo O{Zj/nfO{ ;f“lRrs} v'zLkfg'{ tyf pko'Qm ljlwdf p;sf] pkf;gf ug'{
ePdf p;sf] nflu p;}sf] kyk|bz{g / lgb]{zgtkm{ pGd'v x'g'afx]s s'g} ljsNk
/x“b}g .
o;k|sf/ pk/f]Qm klxnf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df dfgjlgld{t s'g} klg wd{
tfls{s ljsNk xf]Og . dflg;n] hlt ;Sbf] sf]lzz u/] klg O{Zj/sf] pkf;gfsf]
ljlwaf/] clwsfl/s tj/n] s]xL eGg ;Sb}g .
…O{Zj/n] Ps}rf]l6 wd{sf] /rgfdf e"ldsf v]n]5Ú pQm k|df0fsf] cfzo klg
xf]Og . xf]Og, pQm k|df0fsf] cfzo …wfld{s lzIffsf k"/f sfo{If]q cNnfxaf6}
cfp“5 eGg] xf] . s]xL o:tf wd{x? /x]sf 5g h;sf] d"n t cNnfxaf6} xf] t/
kl5 ltgsf cg'ufdLx? dfgjLo ljrf/dfly e/ ub}{ To;nfO{ ;dfof]hg u/],

31. ~ 30 ~
g/d agfpg jf abNgsf] nflu cfkm"nfO{ :jtGq dx;"; u/] . sf/jfxL ub}{
pgLx?n] jf:tjdf Pp6f gof“ wd{ g} /rgf ul/;s] h'g O{Zj/n] k|sfzgf
u/]sf]af6 km/s 5 . o;n] Psrf]l6 k'gM p2]ZonfO{ aaf{b ub{5 . h] cNnfxn]
k|sfzgf u/]sf] 5 To;df dfgjhfltaf6 kl/jt{g jf ;Rofpg'sf] cfjZost}
5}g . o:tf] s'g} km]/abn jf kl/jt{gsf] cy{ O{Zj/n] k|sfzgf u/]sf] dfu{af6
6fl9g' xf] . o;k|sf/ s'g} k]m/abn jf kl/jt{g dfgjhfltnfO{ cNnfxsf]
pkf;gfsf] ;xL ljlwaf6 6f9f g} n}hfg]5 .
o;/L klxnf] kl/df0fn] wd{sf] pTyfg cNnfxaf6 x'g'k5{ eGg] atfp“5 .
tfklg of] k|ofKt 5}g . bf];|f] kl/df0f …cNnfsf lzIffx? ltgsf df}lns ?kdf
;'/lIft x'g'k5{gÚ klg xf] . o;sf] ts{ :ki6 x'g'k5{ . df}lns k|sfzgf t
O{Zj/af6} eof] t/ kl5 dflg;af6 kl/jt{g ul/of] jf aªUofOof], t O{Zj/sf]
wd{ / dflg;n] yk]sf] ld;fj6 dfq xft nfU5 . w]/} ;do;Dd O{Zj/sf] z'4 wd{
af“Rb}g . of] Pp6f :ki6 ts{zf:q h:tf] b]lvP klg o; aF'bfnfO{ ga'em]sf
dflg;nfO{ P]ltxfl;s tj/n] k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf wd{zf:q jf lzIffx?sf]
cGwf] cg';/0f ub}{ u/]sf] b]Vbf crDd nfUg ;S5 .
t];|f] kl/df0f, wd{nfO{ kl5Nnf] wd{sf] s'g} ?kaf6 /2 jf avf{:t
gul/Psf] xf]; eGg] xf] . csf]{ zAbdf …O{Zj/ kl5Nnf] jf cl3Nnf] wd{nfO{ /2 jf
vfl/h u/L Pp6feGbf al9 k|sfzgf ug{ jf Pp6feGbf al9 ;Gb]zjfxs k7fpg
;S5g .Ú o:tf] cj:yfdf sf]xL O{Zj/k|lt ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t x'G5, pm cg';/0f
ug{sf] nflu /2 ul/Psf] lzIffnfO{ /f]Hg] tyf O{Zj/n] clxNo} cg';/0f x'g
rfx]sf] lzIffnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]]{ clwsf/ /fVb}g . k'gM o;n] O{Zj/sf] tfa]bf/Lsf]
l;4fGtsf] pNn+3g tyf cNnfxn] cfb]z lbPsfnfO{ k}/jL ug{'sf] ;§f dgk/L
/f]hfO{ af6 cGofo ub{5 .
pk/f]Qm ltg} kl/df0fx? l;wf / :ki6 5g . n]vssf] ljrf/df Pp6f
rf}yf] kl/df0f klg dggLo /x]sf] 5 . rf}yf] kl/df0f eg]sf] wd{sf cfwf/e"t
ljZjf;x? dfgjhfltn] a'emg of]Uo / dfgj :jefj k|lts'n gx'g'kg]{ eGg] xf] .
h;n] o:tf] tx ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 / dflg;nfO{ a'emg] / cfkmgf] jl/kl/af6 lzIff
k|fKt ug{] Ifdtf lbOPsf] 5, …pg} cNnfxn] pgLx?nfO{ pgsf] ljj]seGbf

32. ~ 31 ~
k"0f{tof k/ / cfTdfn] ;Totf;/x :jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] dfldnfx?df ljZjf; ug{
nufp“5Ú, o:tf] s'/f csNkgLo xf] .
O:nfd tL kl/df0fx?sf] k|sfzdf
:yfg cefjsf sf/0fn] oxf“ ljleGg wd{x?sf] t'ngf / …tL kl/df0fx?sf]
s:;Ldf ltgLx? s;/L hfG5g, 5'6ofpg ;Dej 5}g .-!^_ oxf“ dfq O:nfdaf/]
ax; x'g]5 .
klxnf] kl/df0f, …wd{sf] df}lns ;|f]t cjZo O{Zj/ g} x'g'k5{ .Ú k'gM o;sf]
cfzo wfld{s lzIff / ljZjf;x?sf] ;|f]tdf dflg;n] s'g} klg lx;fan] k]m/abn
jf ;Rofpg] clwsf/ /fVg] O{Zj/sf] dfq} x'g'k5{ . k|foM cGo wd{x? h:tf]
O:nfddf kl08TofO{ 5}g . s'g} ljåfg hlt 7"nf] lsg gxf]; uNtLsf] kfq Pp6f
dfG5] dfq xf] . t;y{ s;}n] agfPsf] s'g} klg lgod O{Zj/sf] k|sfzgfsf]
pHofnf]df l;4 ug{'k5{ . …s'/cfg / ;'Ggt clGtd k|df0f /lx/x]5g, ltgsf]
pNn+3g ug]{ xs s;}nfO{ 5}g, O:nfddf of] Pp6f ;j{;Ddt l;4fGt xf] .
d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf] 7DofO{ cg';f/ O:nfd wd{ O{Zj/sf] wd{ xf] / dflg;sf]
e"ldsf eQm eO{ O:nfdnfO{ cf];fg{] / a'emg] sf]lzz ug{' dfq xf] . aªUofpg' jf
km]/abn ug{' sbflk xf]Og .
cl3 elgPsf] bf];|f] kl/df0f O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgfsf] P]ltxfl;s ;'/Iff;“u
;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . …s;}n] ;To :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 eGg] k|dfl0ft ug{sf] nflu
pQm kl/df0f cfjZos x'G5 . O:nfdL Oltxf;n] ox'bL jf O{zfO{ dteGbf km/s
kl/b[Zo k]z u5{ . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_
em08} !$ ;o jif{ cufl8 hGd]sf lyP . pgL kSs} ljleGg P]ltxfl;s
;Gb]zjfxsx?dWo] ;a}eGbf al9 P]ltxfl;s x'g . s'/cfg / d'xDdb -pgLdfly
cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf jf0fLx? clt ;"Id ko{Tg
af6cgGt;Ddsfnflu ;'/lIft ul/Psf lyP . a[xt gePsf] s'/cfg :jod
;Gb]i6f d'xDdb hLljt x'Fb}v]/ b]lv g} lnlvt / s07sf] ?kdf ;'/lIft ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;Gb]zjfxssf w]/} ldqx?n] k"/} s'/cfg s07u/]sf lyP / ljutsf
wfld{s ;d'bfox?l;t 36]sf 36gfx?af6 8b}{ o;nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf]
ld;fj6af6 arfpgsf] nflu cfjZos sbd rfn]sf lyP . ;Gb]zjfxs -

33. ~ 32 ~
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf] d[To'kl5 rf“8} ;Dk"0f{ s'/cfg
Ps;fy ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] / o;sf] cf}krfl/s gSsn t'?Gt} 6f9f6f9fsf]
e"–efux?df u|Gysf] z'4tf kSsf ug{sf] nflu k7fOPsf] lyof] . cfhsn klg
;+;f/sf] s'g} efudf e|d0f u/]/ s;}n] Pp6f s'/cfg p7fpg ;S5 /
s'/cfgnfO{ ;+;f/el/df Psgf;} e]6fOg]5 . s'/cfgkl5, ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly
cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf] k2lt -;'Ggt_ nfO{ klg 7"nf] nugzLntf;fy
;'/lIft ul/Psf] lyof] . tL ;a} O:nfdsf z'?b]lv g} n]lvP, kl9P /
;fjwfgLk"j{s cjtl/t ul/Psf lyP . s'/cfg / ;Gb]zjfxssf] efiff klg
;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ d';f / O{zf h:tf klxnfsf ;Gb]zjfxsx?af/]
h;sf lxa|f] / cf/flds efiffx? lyP, w]/} cjlw;Dd ;'/lIft x'g ;s]gg, eGg
;lsGg“ .
o;k|sf/ ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ n]
k|fKt u/]sf] O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf 7Ls;“u ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 / ;Totf rfxg]x?sf]
nflu cfh klg pknAw 5g .
t];|f] kl/df0fsf] ;+nUgtf /2 jf vfl/h gul/Psf] k|sfzgf;“u lyof] .
…O{Zj/n] gof“ ;Gb]zsf] cg';/0f rfxG5, pQm a'Fbfsf] cfzo xf] . Tof] l;4
eO;s]kl5 ;TojfbL;fd' O{Zj/k|lt gof“ ;Gb]zsf] cg';/0fafx]s s'g} clwsf/
/x“b}g . pQm a'Fbfdfly emg lj:t[t ax; b"tTjsf] bz{gdfly ax; ubf{ x'g]5,
hxf“ clGtd b"tsf] ?kdf d'xDdb ;':ki6 ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf 5g .
n]vsåf/f clGtd l:y/ kl/df0f cf:yfjfgsf] nflu k]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
o; k':tsdf z'?df ef}ltsjfbL / 8flj{gjfbLx?sf] ;+lIfKt v08g ul/Psf] lyof]
. ltgsf bfaLx? laNs'n c;dy{gLo 5g . To;/L g} t|}To -lktf, k'q / cfTdf
eGg] tLg k'?ifsf] ;+of]hg_ af/] lqmlZrogx?sf] cf:yf klg xf], o;af/] pgLx?
cfk}m+ jiff}+{“jif{ n8b} u/] / ;f“rf] cy{ k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu kl/ifbdfly kl/ifb
u7g ub}{ u/] . s;}n] o;nfO{ s]jn /x:o atfPsf 5g . o;k|sf/ cf:yfsf]
5nfË h:tf] ljZjf;sf] cfwf/df wd{ x'g' x'Fb}g . jf:tjdf wd{ z'?d} /fd|/L
1fgsf] cfwf/df x'g'k5{, tfls lbn / lbdfu b'a}n] o;df ;fGTjgf kfP/ alnof]

34. ~ 33 ~
wf/0ff;fy o;sf] cg';/0f u?g . To;k|sf/ dfgjhfltsf] k"0f{ :jefj, ts{zf:q
/ ;Totf cg'?k O:nfd / cNnfxaf/] cf:yfx?df kfOG5 .
;Gb]i6f x'g'
ox'bL / lqmlZrogx? ;Gb]i6fsf bz{gl;t kl/lrt 5g . b"tx?sf] nfdf]
k+lQmdf c?;“u} Oa|fxLd, d";f / O{zf ;fd]n 5g, j:t'tM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ d'l:ndx?sf] bfaLcg';f/ clGtd x'g .
;Gb]i6f x'g'sf] jf:tljstf
;Gb]zjfxs cyjf ;Gb]i6f jf O{zb"tx? cNnfxn] cfkmgf] ;Gb]z
dfgjhflt;Dd Nofpgsf nflu 5fg]sf ljlzi6 JolQmx? x'g . cNnfxn]
pgLx?tk{m k|sfzgf u5{ / pgLx?n] To;nfO{ cf];fg]{ ub{5g . ;Gb]i6fn]
;Gb]znfO{ Odfgbf/Lsf;fy cf];fb{5g / s'g} cj:yfdf klg of] ;Gb]znfO{ abNg]
jf aªUofpg] clwsf/ /fVb}gg . To;}a]nf h;sf ;dIf pgLx? k7fOPsf x'G5g,
;Gb]z cf];f/]kl5 ltgLx? -dflg;x?_ n] pgLx? -;Gb]i6f_ sf] cf1fkfng ug{'k5{
. cNnfx eGb5g, …/, xfdLn] x/]s /;"nnfO{ cNnfxsf] cfb]zadf]lhd pgsf]
cf1fkfng ul/of]; eGg] p2]Zon] dfq k7fPsf 5f}+ .Æ -s'/cfg, $ M ^$_,
cNnfx s;nfO{ cfkmgf] ;Gb]i6f agfpg] eGg] ;DjGwdf :jod /fd|/L
hfGb5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] of] 5gf]6 lgZro g} hyfefjL x'“b}g . a? …cfkmgf]
b"tTjnfO{ sxf“ /fvf];Ú To; :yfgnfO{ cNnfx g} al9 hfGb5 . -s'/cfg, ^ M
!@$_ o;/L cNnfx dfgjhfltdWo] ljlzi6 cfr/0fsf dflg; ;Gb]i6fsf nflu
5fGb5g .
cNnfx cem cufl8 eG5g, …ltdLx?eGbf klxnf s]jn k'?ifx?nfO{ xfdLn]
/;"nsf] ?kdf k7fof}+ h;dfly xfdL k|sfzgf -jXo_ ug{] uYof{}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M
$#_ ;Gb]zjfxsx? dfgjhfltdWo] s} lyP, logL Znf]sx? o;nfO{ :ki6 kf5{g .
pgLx? cw{–O{Zj/ lyPgg .

35. ~ 34 ~
cNnfx ljz]if sf/0fn] dflg;nfO{ cfkmgf ;Gb]zjfxs x'g'sf] nflu rog
u5{ . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] p2]Zo cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 ;TonfO{ k}mnfpg' xf] . pgLx?
To; ;TotfnfO{ :ki6 kf5{g / To;sf] cg';/0f gug{'df dflg;sf] nflu s'g}
axfgf 5f]8b}gg . ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] nIo dfgjhfltsf] cfTdfx?df dfGo
x'g;Sg] oyfy{ :ki6 / lg;Gb]x z}nLdf ;Gb]z k|:t't ug{' xf] . o;k|sf/ hf] To;
;TonfO{ c+ufNg rfxG5g, pgLx?n] c+ufNg]5g / hf] ;TonfO{ :jLsf/ ug{
rfx“b}gg, pgLx? alxisf/ ug]{5g . o;n] b'a} ;d"xnfO{ 5'6ofpg] p2]Zo k"/f
u5{ . Ps, pgL hf] cNnfxsf] bof / dfof k|flKtsf] xsbf/ x'G5g . bf];|f], pgL
hf] cNnfxsf] l/; / b08 kfpg] xsbf/ x'G5g .
o;k|sf/ ;Gb]zjfxsx? :ki6 kyk|bz{g, z'e–;dfrf/ / s8f
r]tfjgL;d]t lnP/ cfP . cNnfxn] ;Totf cf];fg]{ To:tf ;Gb]zjfxsx?
gk7fPsf] eP dfgjhfltx? s/fp“y] / bfaL uy]{, …pgL sxf“ ;Gb]zjfxs cfPsf
eP pgL ltgsf] cg';/0f uy{] .Ú cNnfxnfO{ h] eO;Sof], h] x'g]5 / h] x'g;SYof]
;a} yfx 5 . eg]sf 5g, …/, xfdLn] ltgLx?nfO{ o; -clGtd ;Gb]i6f_ cl3 g}
s'g} k|sf]kåf/f gi6 kf/]sf] eP ltgLx?n] eGg] lyP, x] xfd|f kfngstf{ Û ltdLn]
xfdL;dIf s'g} /;"n lsg k7fPgf}+ tfls xfdL ckdflgt tyf lt/:s[t x'g'cl3
g} ltd|f cfb]zx?sf] cg';/0f ug{] lyof}+ <Ú -s'/cfg, @) M !#$_
;Gb]zjfxsx? :ki6 lrGxx?sf;fy k7fOPkl5 dfgjhfltsf] nflu s'g}
axfgf aRb}g, o;af/] cNnfx o;/L eG5g, …oL O{zb"tx? z'e–;"rs tyf
;r]ts agfP/ k7fOPsf lyP tfls /;"nx?kZrft dflg;x?nfO{ cNnfxlj?4
s]xL eGg] 7fpF g/xf]; . /, cNnfx clt k|e'TjzfnL Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g .Ú -s'/cfg,
$ M !^%_ pQm Znf]s jf:tjdf Pp6f uDeL/ r]tfjgL xf] . -!&_
;Gb]i6f ePsf] lrGx
ljutsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cWoogaf6 s;}n] ;Gb]i6fx? x'g'sf lglZrt
…ck|ToIfÚ lrGxx? cg'dfg ug{ ;S5 . klxnf], O{Zj/n] r'g]sf] dfG5] pgLtk{m
s]xL k|sfzgf z'? x'g'eGbf cl3sf] hLjgsfndf cjZo ;Ddflgt / ;rl/q
x'g'k5{ . pbfx/0ftM h;n] s'g} ;f+;fl/s s'/faf/] slxNo} klg e"m7f] af]n]g pm
PSsf;L O{Zj/af/] e"m7f] k|rf/ / cfkm" k|sfzgf kfO/xg] bfaL ug{ yfN5,

36. ~ 35 ~
csNkgLo xf] . bf];|f], h'g wdf]{kb]z pgL lbO/x]5g To;df >]i7tf / ;Totf
x'g'k5{ . To;}u/L To; ;Gb]zsf] cfwf/e"t s'/f ljutdf ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf
egfO{cg'?k x'g'k5{ . a|f≈df08 / hLjgsf] jf:tljstf;DaGwL O{Zj/sf]
cfwf/e"t ;Gb]z Pp6fb]lv csf]{ ;Gb]i6f;Dd gabn]sf] x'g'k5{ . cemal9
b"tx?n] ;Gb]z cf];fg'{af6 cfkmgf] s'g} lghL kmfObf jf e'QmfgL grfx]sf] x'g'k5{
. pgLx?sf] nIo ;f+;fl/s g/x]sf] x'g'k5{ . pgLx? O{Zj/sf] v'zL kfpg /
O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] nflu dfq ;Gb]z cf];f/L /x]sf x'G5g . /fhgLlts lht
geP klg ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ;w}+ cWoflTds lhtsf] cfgGb ldN5 . lsgls pgL ;w}+
cfkmgf] ;Gb]zdf dUg /xg] / slxn] klg cfkmgf] p2]Zoaf6 ljrlnt / d?~h]n
cfkmgf] ;+sNksf] k|bz{g ul//fVb5g . O{Zj/sf] ;f“rf] ;Gb]i6f dflgPsf] s;}nfO{
klg s;}n] slxn] klg cfkmgf] cf:yf / ;Gb]z 5f]8g] e]6fOPsf] kfO+b}g .
tL ;a}sf ;fy;fy} cNnfxn] cfkmgf ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ pgL ;f“lRrs}
k|e'åf/f k7fOPsf 5g eGg] k|bz{g ug{sf nflu ;fdfGoaf6 k/ s]xL ljz]if
lrGxx? pknAw u/fp“b5 . tL ;a} cNnfxsf] k"0f{ Gofo, bof / nf]sf]ksfl/tfn]
ubf{ g} x'G5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ p;sf] 5gf]6 / k7fpg] z}nLaf6 ;Gb]zsf]
;TotfnfO{ lh2Ln] dfq} :jLsf/ ub{}g . t;y{ ;Gb]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljifo;"rL dfgj
:jefj cg';f/ dfq} 5}g, a? ;Gb]zjfxsx?n] NofPsf] ;Gb]zsf] ljlw x]bf{
ltgnfO{ O{Zj/sf] ;Gb]zjfxs :jLsf/ gug{sf] nflu dflg;lg/ s'g} axfg} /x“b}g
. h:tf] cNnfx eGb5g, …lg;Gb]x xfdLn] cfkmgf ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ :ki6
bnLnx? lbP/ k7fof}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, %& M @%_
cNnfxn] ;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ lbPsf ljz]if lrGxx?nfO{ …rdTsf/Ú elgPsf]
5 . o; j}1flgs sfndf dflg;x? ljutdf l6kf]6 ul/Psf rdTsf/x?af/] x]g{
cled'v 5g . tfklg To:tf 36gfx?af/] g};lu{s tj/n] s]xL ctfls{s 5}g .
o; pbfx/0fsf] k|f/De O{Zj/n] ;+/rgf u/]sf] o; a|f≈df08af6 ul/G5 . Pp6f
w]/} ;xh;“u a'emg ;lsg] pbfx/0f -h'g cl3 ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5_ …O{Zj/n]
o; a|≈df08sf lqmofsnfkdfly k"/f lgoGq0f u/L /fv]sf] 5 / pm o;sf
lqmofsnfknfO{ h'g;'s} a]nf / hf] sf]xLsf] nflu klg cfkmgf] OR5fg';f/ abNg
;S5 .Ú cfh;Dd s;}n] clxn];Dd klg af/Daf/ cf}iflwsf] rdTsf/ jf /f]uaf6

37. ~ 36 ~
lgsf] x'g'af/] ;xh?kn] o'lQm;“ut JofVof ug{ g;lsg] / c:jLsf/sf] 7fp“ klg
g/fVg] crDdx? ;'lg/x]sf] 5 .
ljutdf To:t} s]xL 36gfx? 36], h:tf] ls d";fsf] nflu nfn
dxf;fu/nfO{ /f]lsg', O{zfåf/f /f]u tyf cGwf]kgnfO{ lgsf] kfg'{ . tL ;a}
lrGxx?n] …;Gb]i6fx? O{Zj/åf/f kyk|blz{t / ;dly{t 5gÚ, eGg] bfaLsf] yk
;dy{g x'G5 . tL ;a} lrGxx?sf] k|bz{gn] k"0f{tof sb/ t eof] t/ ;do
lat]kl5 dflg; tL syf / bfaLx?df z+sf ug{ yfn] jf tL rdTsf/x?sf]
k|efjdf lvof nfUg yfNof] . kl5Nnf] sfnv08df pQm ;Gb]z bf]x¥ofpg c?
b"tx? klg cfpg af“sL /x]sfn] Tof] 7"nf] dfldnf lyPg .
o;k|sf/ cNnfxn] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu Gofosf] lbg;Ddsf] nflu
cfkmgf] clGtd ;Gb]i6f k7fPkl5 pgnfO{ lgs} km/s lsl;dsf] rdTsf/ lbof],
h'g O:nfdL cfXjfgsf] ;fy;fy} ;w}“el/ af“sL /xg]5 . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ n] eg]sf 5g, …dflg;nfO{ ljZj:t
kfg{sf lglDt ;Gb]i6fx?dWo] x/]snfO{ rdTsf/ lbOof], t/ dnfO{ lbOPsf]
rdTsf/ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf xf], o;nfO{ cNnfxn] dtk{m k|sfzgf u/]sf] xf] .
o;n] d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjgdf d]/f cg'ofoLx? c? ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cg'ofoLeGbf al9
x'g]5g eGg] d]/f] cfzf /x]sf] 5 .Ú -!*_ csf]{ zAbdf, ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] 7"nf]
lrGx / rdTsf/ s'/cfg xf] .
o;k|sf/ O{zb"t d'xDdbn] kfpg'ePsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] lrGx clxn] klg
;a"tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 / cfh klg cEof; ul/G5 . -!(_s'/cfgn] cfkm" h:tf
s]xL zAbx? agfpg ;a} nfO{ r'gf}lt lbPsf] 5 . pbfx/0ftM cNnfx eG5g,
…olb ltdLx? xfdLn] cfkmgf ;]jsdfly cjtl/t u/]sf u|Gysf] af/]df ;Gb]xdf
5f} / ;Tojfg 5f} eg] s'/cfgdf ePem}+ s'g} Pp6f dfq eP klg ;'/x Nofpm /
o;sf] nflu cNnfxafx]s cfkmgf ;Go ;xof]uLx?nfO{ klg cfXjfg u/ .Ú -
s'/cfg, @ M @#_
s'/cfg ljleGg lsl;dn] rdTsf/ xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu d'xDdb -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] ;dodf c/aLx? efiffdf >]i7 lyP .
s}of}+ ;fn;Dd ;Gb]i6fsf] 3f]/ k|lt/f]w x'Fbfx'Fb} klg …pgLx? s'/cfg h:tf] s'g}

38. ~ 37 ~
;flxlTos u|Gy e]6fpg ;s]gg, :jLsf/ u/] . a? s'/cfg clt w]/} ;xh z}nLdf
Pp6f …;flxlTos rdTsf/Ú xf] . cfkmgf] eljio ;"rgfsf] ;Gbe{df, j}1flgs /
P]ltxfl;s ;Totfdf, 7Ls ;+/If0fdf, pbf/ / a'l4dfgL lgodx?df, ljutb]lv
xfn;Dd dflg;sf] ;'wf/ / kl/jt{gdf kfb}{cfPsf] k|efj cflbdf s'/cfg cbe"t
xf] .
;Gb]i6f d'xDdb :jod lg/If/ eP klg cNnfxn] cfkmgf] ;Gb]zjfxs
x'g'sf] nflu pgnfO{ rog u¥of] . lg/If/tf pgaf/] vf]6 xf]Og, a? pgL O{Zj/Lo
;Gb]zjfxs x'g'sf] jf:tjdf emg al9 k|df0f xf] . lsgls O{zfO{ ;Ddtsf] 5}6f}+
ztfAbLkl5sf] o; c/aL afl;Gbfn] o:tf] k':ts pTkGg ug{ ;Sb}gYof] .
pbfx/0f:j?k cNnfxn] ;Gb]i6ftk{m -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_
klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf syfx? k|sfzgf u¥of] . Toxf“sf] jftfj/0fdf ox'bL jf
O{zfO{x?sf] lzIffx?;Dd al9 kx'“r /fVg] cj;/ lyPg, tfklg pgn] klxnfsf
;Gb]i6fx?sf syfx? lglZrt ;Totfsf;fy atfP . oyfy{df of] cem al9
crDdsf] s'/f xf] . k|rlnt afOandf P]ltxfl;s tj/n] c;Dej x'g] jf
sfnbf]if x'g] pNn]vx? cfhsn w]/}hgfn] :jLsf5{g . s'/cfg To:tf ;a}
;lGbUw ljifox?af6 d'Qm x'g'sf;fy} Pp6f d0ff{Tds dfqsf] pTkfbg gx'g'
o;sf] csf{] lrGx xf] . Pp6f lj:t[t sfo{df kmt"xL / cn–b/uh]nLn] afOandf
e]6fPsf P]ltxfl;s uNtLx?sf w]/} pbfx/0fx? k]z u/]sf 5g hals s'/cfgdf
klg x'ax' pxL syf / 36gfx? pNn]v x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Toxf“ tL uNtLx? e]l6Psf
5}gg . -@)_
dfgjhfltnfO{ O{Zj/Lo ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] ckl/xfo{tf
dfgjhflttk{m ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fpg' cNnfxsf 7"nf s[kfx?dWo]sf] Ps
xf] . b"t d'xDdbnfO{ k7fOPsf] af/]df lrq0f ub}{ cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …/, -x]
d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/af;Lx?sf] nflu bof dfq agfP/
k7fPsf 5f}+ . -s'/cfg, @! M !)&_
dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] o; s[kfsf] w]/} cfjZostf 5 . hf] sf]xLn]
cNnfxnfO{ v'zL kfg{sf] nflu cfkmgf] hLjg s;/L latfpg'k5{, p;nfO{ o;sf]

39. ~ 38 ~
Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0fsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . h'g 1fg ;Gb]zjfxsx?n] NofPsf
lyP :jod pgLx?nfO{ klg cft'/tf;fy To;sf] vf“rf] lyof] .
cNnfxn] rfx]sf] eP cfkmgf] ;Gb]znfO{ lnlvt ?kdf pbfx/0ftM kxf8sf]
5]pdfly ;xh} k|sfzgf ug{ ;Sy] . tfklg To;sf] ;§f dfgjLo ;Gb]zjfxsx?
k7fpg'df pgsf] ckf/ s[kf / a'l4dtf /x]sf] 5 . oL ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] kmfObf
bf]xf]/f] 5, -!_ ;xh} lnlvt ;Gb]z k7fpg'sf] ;§f dflg;nfO{ ;Gb]zjfxs
agfP/ k7fpg'åf/f cNnfxn] cfkmgf] ;Gb]z slNkt If]qaf6 lqmofTds If]qtk{m
?kfGtl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;Gb]zjfxsx?åf/f ;Gb]zsf] sfof{Gjog dflg;nfO{
kyk|bz{gsf] Pp6f Jofjxfl/s cfbz{ lbG5 . kyk|bz{g ljljw z}nLdf a'emg
;lsg] s]jn :ki6 / cfd l;4fGt xf]Og . xf]Og, dflg;sf] cg';/0fsf] nflu
;Gb]znfO{ Pp6f 7f]; / Jofjxfl/s 9f“rfdf lj:t[t pbfx/0fsf ;fy k]z
ul/Psf] 5 . -@_ ;Gb]zjfxsx? >]i7 rl/qsf dflg; eP klg pgL ;w}+ dflg;
g} lyP . oyfy{df pgL c?sf] nflu pbfx/0f lyP . t;y{ pgLx?åf/f P]Zj/Lo
lzIffsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 oL lzIffx? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] / dflg;sf]
pkfoleq x'g] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . dfgjhfltsf] IfdtfeGbf 7"nf]nfO{ wd{ jf ;bfrf/
eGg ;lsGg . of] dflg;sf] Ifdtfleq 5 / ;Gb]zjfxssf sfo{x? o;sf k|df0f
x'g .
dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;Gb]zjfxsx?åf/f k]z ul/Psf 1fgx?sf]
dflg;nfO{ c;fWo} vf“rf] /x]sf] 5 . pQm 1fgx?nfO{ b'O{ lsl;ddf ljeflht ug{
;lsG5 tyf dflg;sf] nflub'O{6} cfjZos 5g .
1fgsf] klxnf] lsl;d jf h;nfO{ O:nfdL kf7x?df cnf}lss elgG5
clt k|fs[lts 5 . tL k"/} dfgj cg'ejsf] nf]seGbf aflx/sf s'/fx? x'g .
dflg;n] tL dfldnfx?af/] cNnfxsf] k|sfzgfaf6 dfq} hfGg ;S5g . o;
nf]sdf cNnfx, pgsf u'0f, ;[li6sf] p2]Zo, /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] s;/L 5'6ofpg],
d[To'kl5 / eljiodf dfgjhfltl;t s] xf]nf cflbaf/] lj:t[t 1fg ;fd]n 5g .
Tffklg cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gsf] ;/f]sf/ ToxL dfldnfx?l;t dfq 5}g, a?
cNnfxn] cfkmgf dflg; ;Gb]zjfxsx?tk{m k|sfzg u/]sf] kyk|bz{gn]
dflg;nfO{ kfly{j jf ;f+;fl/s dfldnfx?df klg dfu{ b]vfp“5 . cNnfxn]

40. ~ 39 ~
dflg;sf] ;xh} kx'“rdf /fv]sf] k|fljlws s'/fx?afx]s tL dfldnfx?df
dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] kyk|bz{gsf] ;f“lRrs} w]/} cfjZostf k5{ . cNnfx ;|i6f /
ljwftfn] dflg;sf] nflu ;aeGbf /fd|f]nfO{ PSn} dfq hfGb5 . cNnfxn] eg]sf
5g, …s] h;n] ;[li6 u/]sf 5g pg}n] hfGg] 5}gg t < pgL t ;'IdbzL{ /
;';"lrt 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, ^& M !$_ of] jf0fL cln lj:tf/;fy aofg ug{ h?/L
5 lsgls o;n] ;f+;fl/stfsf] d"n, …h;n] cfhef]ln ;+;f/el/sf] ljrf/nfO{
lylr/x]5Ú tk{m 8f]¥ofp“5 .
dflg;n] cfkmgf] lghL, cfly{s, /fhg}lts Joj:yf, cGt//fli6«o sfg'g
cflb agfPsf 5g . o;n] ubf{ …pgLx? cfkmgf] ;/f]sf/eGbf k/sf] sf]lz; u/L
/x]5gÚ eGg] pgLx?n] dfGg'k5{ . pgLx?sf] clt /fd|f] lgotsf afjh"b k|foM
To;sf] gf]S;fg kmfObfeGbf al9 x'g] u5{ . pbfx/0ftM cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf
lbdfudf cfpg;Sg] klxnf] s'/f ;dfhjfbL / ;fDojfbL ljrf/ crfgs v'lDrg'
xf] . k"“hLjfbnfO{ klg lgofn]/ x]bf{ cg'dfg ul/Psf]eGbf …jf:tljstf clt 6f9f
/ kl/0ffd zf]if0f g} x'G5Ú eGg] kQf nfU5 lsgls To;df wgLx? a9tf wgL /
u/Lax? a9tf u/La x'“b} hfG5g .
O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgfsf] lj?4 x'g]u/L dfgjlgld{t P]gx? cfd tj/n] s}of}+
ljz]if ;d:ofx?sf sf/0f x'G5g . klxnf], dflg; nfn;fx?af6 nuftf/ k|efljt
eO/xG5g . dflg; k|To]s lsl;dsf] cfj]u / af;gfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ k/ /fVg
;Sg] eP klg ef}lts / ;fdflhs lj1fgaLr lgSs} 7"nf] km/s /x]sf] x'G5Ú eGg]
pgLx?n] dfGg'k5{ . …dflg; ljleGg dfxf}ndf s;/L ug]{5gÚ ;fdfhljbx?n]
hf“r]/ hfGg ;Sb}gg . pgLx? jf:tljstfsf] cg'dfgeGbf al9 s]xL ub}{gg .
cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf dfgjhfltdf o:tf] ;Lldt Nofstaf/] eGb5g, …dflg;x?
;f+;fl/s hLjgsf s]jn afXo kIf hfGb5g / ltgLx? cflv/t -d/f]0ff]Q/
hLjg_ af/] cgle1 5g .Ú -s'/cfg, #) M &_ Tof] :jLsf/]kl5 …To;n] k|dfl0ft
u5{, dflg; cfkmgf] ;|i6fåf/f ky{k|bz{g / 1fgsf] cfjzosLo 5g, h;n]
cfkmgf] s[kfn] cfkmgf b"tx?dfkm{t To:tf] kyk|bz{g k7fO;s]sf] 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf
;f+;fl/s P]gx? dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/Lo k|sfzgf h:tf] xf};fpg ;Sb}gg . o:tf
P]gx?df k|efjsf/L g}lts c;/ gx'g klg ;S5 . csf]{ zAbdf dfgjlgld{t
P]gx?df dfG5]nfO{ sfg"gkfng u/fpgsf] nflu an k|of]u ug{'afx]s s'g} pkfo

41. ~ 40 ~
/x+b}g . hals O{zb"tx?af6 3f]if0ff ul/Psf P]gx?sf] kfngf cNnfxnfO{ v'zL
kfg{ / p;sf] l/;af6 aRgsf] lgotn] tflgPsf] x'G5 .
;+If]kdf, …dflg;nfO{ O{zb"tx?af6 k|fKt 1fgx?sf] c;fWo cfjZostf 5
/ ltgLx?nfO{ O{zb"tx?dfk{mt sfod ul/Psf] cfbz{sf] klg ckl/xfo{tf 5Ú
oyfy{af6 pDsg ;+ej 5}g .
;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfXjfgsf l;4fGtx?
elgG5, ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] eGg'eof],
…cNnfxn] ! nfv @$ xhf/ ;Gb]i6fnfO{ k7fof] .Ú -@!_ cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g,
…p;n] x/]s hflttk{m Pp6f ;Gb]i6f k7fof] .Ú -s'/cfg !^ M #^_
olt w]/} ;Gb]i6f / ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fOP klg jf:tjdf ;a} Pp6} dfu{df
lyP . …cNnfx x/]s ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ljutsf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] ;dfg wd{tk{m dfu{bz{g
ub{5gÚ cNnfxn] clGtd ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ nfO{
lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …cNnfxn] ltdLx?sf]nflu ToxL wd{
lgwf{l/t u/]sf 5g h;sf] cfb]z pgn] g"xnfO{ lbPsf lyP . clg, h;sf]
k|sfzgf -x] d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLtkm{ u/]sf 5f}+ / h;sf] hf]8bf/ cfb]z
xfdLn] Oa|fxLd, d';f tyf O{;fnfO{ lbPsf lyof}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, $@ M !#_
o;k|sf/ x/]s d'l:ndn] tL ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?df ljZjf; ub{5 / ltgdf
ljZjf; / ltgsf] cfb/n] ubf{ ltgLx?dWo] s;}aLr km/s ub}{g . O{Zj/n] tL
;a}nfO{ k7fPsf 5g . tL ;a}n] ;dfg ;f/e"t ;Totfdf ljZjf; /fVby] /
;dfg dfu{lt/ af]nfPsf lyP . t;y{ s;}nfO{ of] eGg] clwsf/ 5}g, …pm
pgLx?dWo] s;}dfly ljZjf; / cfb/ ub{5 / csf]{dfly ljZjf; jf cfb/ ub}{g
.Ú klxnf t of] s'/f tL ;a}nfO{ k7fpg] cNnfxsf] cgfb/ xf] . To;kl5 of]
ctfls{s klg 5 lsgls tL ;a} df}lns tj/n] Pp6} ;Gb]zsf;fy cfPsf lyP
tyf O{zb"t cyf{t Ps csf{sf] bfh'efO{ egL kl/lrt u/fPsf lyP .
t;y{ tL ;a}df ljZjf; / x/]ssf] 7Ls OHht ug{'k5{ . o;sf] nflu
cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …-x] cf1fsf/Lx? xf] Û_ eg– xfdLn] O{dfg -cf:yf_ Nofof}+

42. ~ 41 ~
cNnfxdfly / To; -u|Gy_ dfly hf] xfdLlt/ cjtl/t ul/of] / To;dfly klg
hf] Oa|fxLd, O:dfOn, O:xfs, ofs'a Pj+ -ofs'a_ sf ;Gtfgx?dfly cjtl/t
ul/P clg hf] d';f Pj+ O{zfnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] tyf hf] cGo ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ pgsf
/a -kfngstf{_ sf] tkm{af6 k|bfg ul/of] . xfdL logLx?aLr s'g} lje]b ub{}gf}+ .
/, xfdL pg} -cNnfx_ sf] cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M !#^_ ;+lIfKtdf
tL ;a} Psn / Pp6} O{Zj/åf/f k7fOPsf x'gfn] / of] cl:tTjsf] ;Totf Pp6} /
gabln“bf] ePsf] x'gfn] ltgLx?sf ;Gb]zx? df}lns tj/n] Pp6} / ;dfg lyP .
s'/cfg k9bf hf] sf]xLn] ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf] cfXjfgsf] df}lns
l;4fGtx? x]g{ ;S5 . pgLx?sf] ;Gb]z tnsf tLgj6f ljifox?sf jl/kl/ 3'D5M
-!_ dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/tk{m af]nfpg', …pgLafx]s sf]xL pkf;gf of]Uo 5}gÚ
:ki6 k|df0fx?sf ;fy atfpg' / pgLx?nfO{ pg}tk{m cfTd;dk{0f ug{ / ;a}
ldYof O{Zj/x?nfO{ 5f]8g cx|fpg' . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …xfdLn] k|To]s
;d'bfodf o;sf] nflu /;"n k7fof}+,…s]jn cNnfxsf] pkf;gf u/ tfu"t -x/]s
;Ldf gf3]sf]_ af6 6f9f /xg] u/ . clg ltgLx?dWo] sf]xLnfO{ cNnfxn]
dfu{bz{g u/] / sf]xLdfly kye|i6tf l;4 eof] . wtL{df e|d0f u/ / x]/
gsfg{]x?sf] s] kl/0ffd eof] .Ú -s'/cfg, !^ M #^_
-@_ x/]sleq g};lu{s tj/n] /x]sf] O{Zj/Lo v'zLk|flKt / cfTdLo
z'l4s/0fsf] Pp6f ljz]if dfu{ 5 / x/]snfO{ ;f]emf] dfu{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . cNnfxn]
eg]sf 5g, …xfdLn] ltdLx? ;a}sfnflu Pp6f wd{ ljwfg Pj+ sfo{k|0ffnL to
u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú -s'/cfg, % M $*_ ;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]i6fx?n] ;xh P]gx?;dflxt u/L
Pp6} df}lns af6f] b]vfP, h:tf]] pkf;gfsf] cfb]z, ax'b]jjfb, Jolerf/, xTof
cflbsf] /f]Ssf . …pgsf ljz]if cEof;x?sf] s'g} klg a'Fbfdf clnslt klg km/s
5}gÚ o;sf] tfTko{ xf]Og . ;fdfGotf pgsf cEof;x? Psgf;} lyP t/ O{Zj/n]
w]/} ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ ljz]if dflg;tk{m ljlzi6 P]gx?sf;fy ltgsf] sfn / If]qsf]
nflu k7fPsf] lyof] . of] cNnfxsf] s[kf / a'l4dtfsf] c+zdWo] xf] . tfklg
ltgsf cEof;sf s]xL s'/fx?df ljljwtfsf afah'b ltgsf] df}lns ;Gb]z jf
ltgsf af6f]sf df}lns :jefjdf s'g} ljleGgtf 5}g .

43. ~ 42 ~
-#_ cf1fkfng / cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] lgwf] u/]df / o;sf] pN6f]
cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng jf pkf;gfsf] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf JolQmut efUo
atfpg' . pQm a'“bfdf ;Gb]i6fx?n] dfgjhfltnfO{ d[To'kl5sf] hLjgdf clGtd
k}m;nf / cNnfxsf] Ogfd jf ;hfoaf/] atfPsf 5g . oL dfldnfx?sf tkl;n
cNnfxaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 / ;Gb]i6fx?n] oL s'/fx?nfO{ k|i6 gkf?~h]n cNnfxn]
slxn] klg s;}nfO{ ;hfo lbPsf 5}gg . o;k|sf/ ;a} ;Gb]zjfxsx?n]
jf:tjdf cf:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ rfxg]x?sf nflu v'zLsf] va/ / o;nfO{
c:jLsf/ ug]{sf nflu cz'e cGTosf] s8f r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g . cNnfx
eGb5g, …/, xfdLn] /;"nx?nfO{ s]jn z'e–;"rs Pjd ;r]ts agfP/ k7fPsf
5f}+ . /, h;n] Odfg NofP / ;'w]|| pgLx?sf]nflu g s'g} 8/ 5 g pgLx?
lrlGtt g} x'g]5g . /, h;n] xfd|f cfotx?nfO{ ldYof 7x/ u5{g ltgsf
cj1fn] ubf{ ltgLx?dfly k|sf]k nfOnfUg]5g .Ú -s'/cfg, ^ M $*–$(_
pk/f]Qm tLg df}lns a'“bfx?sf jl/kl/ g} ;a} ;Gb]i6fx? 3'd] .
;Gb]i6fx?n] cf–cfkmgf ;Gb]z cf];fg{sf] nflu dl/xQ] u/], cfkmgf lhDd]jf/L
lgjf{x u/] / ;Gb]znfO{ :ki6l;t cf];f/] . ltgLx?sf] cfudgsf] s]xL ;dokl5
axfgf jf lgx'“sf] nflu s'g} 3/ 5'6]g . ;Gb]i6fx?n] cf–cfkmgf cleofg k"/f u/]
/ ca lhDd]jf/L dflg;df cfPsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf u|Gyx?df ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbaf/] eljio ;"rgf
…;Dk"0f{ ;Gb]i6fx?sf] df}lns ;Gb]z Pp6} lyof]Ú eGg] s'/f dfly plNnlvt
kl/R5]bn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] cfudgaf/] eljio ;"rgf
ljutsf ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?n] t xf]Og t/ k|foM n] u/]sf lyP . o;sf] pbfx/0f,
cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf eg]sf 5g, …hf] lg/If/ O{zb"t, ;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb_ sf]
cg';/0f u5{g, h;nfO{ pgLx? cfkm";Fu /x]sf] k'/fgf] tyf gof“ afOandf
pNn]v ePsf] kfpmF5g, h;n] ltgLx?nfO{ ;'sd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g / s'sd{af6
/f]S5g / /fd|f j:t'x?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] nflu j}w tyf g/fd|f j:t'x?nfO{ cj}w
u5{g clg ltgLx?dfly nflbPsf] ef/LnfO{ emf5{g, To; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g
h;df ltgLx? hsl8Psf lyP . ctM h'g dflg;x?n] pgLdfly cf:yf /fv] /

44. ~ 43 ~
ltgsf] ;dy{g tyf d2t u/] / pgLdfly cjtl/t k|sfzsf] cg';/0f u/],
ltgLx? g} ;kmntf k|fKt ug{]x? x'g .Ú -s'/cfg, & M !%&_
s'/cfgsf oL / cGo Znf]sx?sf] cfwf/df …ox"bL / lqmlZrogx?l;t
af“r]sf df}lns u|Gydf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_
sf] cfudgaf/] lgZro g} s]xL k|df0fx? xf]nfgÚ eGg] d'l:nd ljåfgx?n] 7x/
u/] . d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf ts{cg';f/ jf:tjdf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbtk{m k|ToIf O+lst
w]/} Znf]sx? e]6fpg ;lsG5 . o;af/] w]/} k':tsx? klg n]lvPsf 5g .
5f]6s/Ldf pbfx/0fsf] nflu Pp6f hf]8fdfly dfq ax; ul/g]5 . pQm
kl/R5]bsf] klxnf] pbfx/0f k'/fgf] afOanaf6 lng ;lsG5 . df];]; eGb5g, k|e'
-O{Zj/_ n] dl;t eg], …pgLx? h] elgPsf 5g, /fd|/L elgPsf 5g . d
pgLx?tk{m pgLs} bfh'efO{x?dWo] ltdL h:t} Pp6f ;Gb]i6f k7fpg]5' / cfkmgf
jf0fLx? p;sf] d'vdf /fVg]5' / d p;nfO{ h] cfb]z lbg]5' p;n] tL ;a}
pgLx?sf] ;fd' eGg]5 .Ú -l8o"6«f]gf]dL, !* M !&–!(, ls+u h]D; e;{g_ .
klxnf], O{;|fOnLx?sf bfh'efO{x? sf] x'g < afOansf] lxa|f] zAbsf]zsf
cg';f/ …a|bg{Ú zAb o:tf] hflt ;d"xsf] JolQmTjtk{m ;+s]t u5{ hf]
O{;|fO{nLx?sf glhssf gft]bf/x? dflgPsf lyP . -@@_ pQm :j?k O:;fssf]
cfwf efO{ / ca|fxfdsf] 5f]/f O:dfOnaf6 km}lnPsf] hflt ;d"xdf /fd|/L lkm6
x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{ c/aLx? ljz]iftM d'xDdb O:dfOnaf6 km}lnPsf ;Gtfgx? x'g .
bf];|f], cfpg] ;Gb]i6fnfO{ …ltdL h:t}Ú af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] AofVof df];];
h:tf] x'g'sf] va/ xf] . cfhsn s]xL lqmlZrogx? o; kl/R5]bnfO{ h];;tk{m
;+s]t ePsf] eG5g hals lqmlZrogx? h];;nfO{ ;fdfGotf ;Gb]i6f dfGb}gg,
of] lans'n cldNbf] /x]5 . hdfn gbjLn] …df];]; / d'xDdb slt ldNbf /
h];; pgL;“u slt cldNbf lyPÚ k|dfl0ft ug{sf] nflu Pp6f 6]an agfPsf
lyP . To;af6 k|dfl0ft x'G5, …hGd, kfl/jfl/s hLjg, d[To" :jefj, hLjgrof{,
anhkmtL a;fO{;/fO{, zq'x?;“u ;+3if{sf kl/0ffdx?, lzIff, :jefj / ltgsf
cfkmgf dfG5]x?åf/f g]t[Tjsf] :jLsf/f]QmL cflbaf/] d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf]
s[kf / zflGt xf];_ h];;eGbf df];];l;t w]/} al9 ldNbf lyP -tL ;a}dfly
cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ .Ú -@#_

45. ~ 44 ~
pk/f]Qm Znf]s of] eGb} hf/L /xG5, …d]/f jf0fLx? pgsf] d'vdf /fVg]5' /
h];'s} d pgnfO{ cfb]z lbg]5' tL ;a} pgn] pgLx?l;t eGg]5g .Ú ;Gb]i6f
d'xDdbsf] s'/cfg;“u ;DaGwaf/] pQm a0f{g em08} ldNbf]h'Nbf] /x]sf] 5 .
jf0fLx? pgsf] d'vdf lha|O{nsf] k|ToIf k|sfzgfåf/f pbeflift ul/Psf lyP,
d'xDdbn] h] pgLtk{m k|sfzgf ul/Psf] lyof] To;nfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} bf]x¥ofpg'
eof] / Tof] k|sfzgfdf ;dflxt ;a}af6 zf;g u/] .
gof“ afOandf hf]gsf] uf]:k]mndf kl5Nnf] kl/R5]b e]6fpg ;S5, …olb
ltdL dl;t dfof u5f}{ eg] d]/f cfb]zx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/ / d lktf;“u
ljlGt ug]{5' clg p;n] ltdLnfO{ csf]{ k5of}/f lbg]5g hf] ltdL;“u ;w}+ /xg
;Sg]5Ú -hf]g !$ M !%–!^_ hf]g !^ M &–* / hf]g !^ M !@–!# n] klg Pp6f
cfufdL k5of}/f / ;Totfsf] cfTdf cfpg]af/] af]n]sf 5g, hf] h];;n] af“r'~h]n
cfpg ;Sb}g .
O{;fkl5 cfpg] / O{;fn] af“r'~h]n gcfpg] pgL sf] x'g t < lqmlZrogx?
pQm jf0fLx?sf] JofVof kljq cfTdfaf6 u5{g . t/, O{;fO{ wd{bz{g cg';f/
lktf, k'q / kljq cfTdf ;a} t|}Tosf lx:;f / tLg} ldn]/ Pp6} x'g . olb
dfldnf o:tf] 5 eg] s;/L Pp6f xflh/ 5 / csf]{ ufoa < of] O{;fO{
wd{bz{g;“u c;fWo} cldNbf] 5 . cem al9 hf]g !^ M !@–!# sf] Pp6f efun]
o;/L pb3[t u5{, …p;n] ltdLnfO{ k"0f{;Totfsf] dfu{ b]vfpg]5, lsgls p;n]
cfkmgf] dgn] af]Ng] 5}g, a? h];'s} p;n] ;'Gg]5 ToxL af]Ng]5 / p;n] ltdLnfO{
cfpg] s'/fx?af/] atfpg]5,Ú oL d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_ sf] ;'Gb/ ljj/0f / pgn] O{Zj/af6 s;/L k|sfzgf k|fKt u/] / To;nfO{
cf];f/]sf] afx]s c? s]xL xf]Og .
Znf]sx?sf] cfp“bf] / clGtd ;d"xsf] ;Gbe{df n]vssf] cf:yfn] j:t'tM
o; l6Kk0fLafx]s c? s]xL eGg ;Sb}gg, …Pp6f dxfg O{zb"tsf] To;a]nf klg
ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof]Ú, / of] hf]gsf] n]vf]6 xf], …ha ox"bLx?n] pgLl;t tkfO{ sf]
x'g'x'G5 < ;f]Wgsf] nflu k'/f]lxtnfO{ h]?;]ndaf6 k7fP / pgn] :jLsf/ u/],
c:jLsf/ xf]Og a? :jLsf/ u/], d O{;f xf]Og . /, pgn] pgl;t ;f]w], clg sf]
x'g'x'G5 t < s] tkfO{ Olnof; x'g'x'G5 t < -@$_ / pgn] eg], xf]Og . s] tkfO{

46. ~ 45 ~
O{zb"t x'g'x'G5 < /, pgn] pQ/ lbP, xf]Og . -hf]g ! M !(–@!, ls+u h]D; e;{g_
. h'g ;Gb]i6fsf] ck]Iff hf]g / ox"bLx? ul//fv]sf lyP pgL sf] lyP t <
oL ;+lIfKt pbfx/0fx? kof{Kt x'g]5g / ?lrs/ kf7sx?n] uxg cWoog
Pj+ vf]h ug{ ;S5g . h;/L tL lrGxx? ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf]
s[kf / zflGt xf];_ tk{m ;+s]t u5{g eg] h:tf]ls d'l:nd ljåfgx?sf] cjwf/0ff
/x]sf] 5, pxf“af/] eljiojf0fL u/]sf] ;Gb]i6fl;t ltgLx?sf] ljZjf;n] ubf{ ltgn]
;+s]t u/]sf] ;Gb]i6fnfO{ ;a}n] k5ofpg'k5{ .
clGtd ;Gb]z
olt w]/} ;Gb]i6fx? k7fPkl5, cNnfxn] ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbnfO{ k7fP .
d'xDdb, O{;f d;Lxsf] hGdeGbf %&) jif{ kZrft hGd]sf lyP . pgL c/aL
k|foåLksf] dSsfdf hGd]sf lyP . dSsfsf dflg;x? d"lt{k"hfsf eQm lyP .
dSsfdf Oa|flxd / O:dfOn ;Gb]i6fx?åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] Pp6f ejg lyof] .
scafsf] gfdn] hflgg] o; 9f“rfnfO{ ;f“rf] O{Zj/ cNnfx dfqsf] pkf;gfsf]
nflu ;dk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . c/asf ax'b]jjfbLx?n] o;nfO{ cfkmgf d"lt{x?af6
e/]sf lyP . d'xDdb pgLx?dfem /x] klg slxn] klg d"lt{ k"hfdf efu lng'
ePg . pgL cfkmgf] Odfgbf/Ldf k|Voft eP/ Odfgbf/sf] pkgfdaf6 lje"lift
ePsf lyP .
rfnL; jif{sf] pd]/df d'xDdbdfly klxnf] k|sfzgf pbeflift ePsf] lyof]
. of] pgL;“usf] klxnf] k|f/De lyof] clg O{Zj/af6 cfkmgf] e"ldsf u|x0f u/] .
c/aL ax'b]jjfbLx?n] tTsfn} pgsf] ;Gb]z …O{Zj/afx]s sf]xL k"hgLo xf]OgÚnfO{
c:jLsf/ ul/lbP . pgL Odfgbf/ lrlgP klg ltgLx?n] pgnfO{ em'7f] k|dfl0ft
ul/lbP / To;kl5 rf“8} d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx?nfO{ ;tfpgsf] nflu 7"nf]
cleofg k|f/De ul/of] . dSsfdf !# ;fn;Dd wdf]{kb]z ul//fv]kl5 dSsf
5f]8]/ dbLgf zx/df a:gsf] nflu ;Gb]i6f :jod hfg -lxh/t ug{_ afWo eP,
Toxf“ klxnfb]lv pgsf s]xL cg'ofoLx? lyP .
dlbgfsf afl;Gbfn] pgnfO{ zx/sf] cu'jf agfP . dSsfsf
cljZjf;Lx?n] lj;]{gg / gof“ cf:yfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{sf] nflu ;}lgs sf/{jfxL

47. ~ 46 ~
u/] . tfklg d'l:ndx?sf] Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"x df}nfof] / cljZjf;Lx?sf]
cfqmd0fsf] ;fdgf ug{ of]Uo eof] . !) jif{sf] cjlwkl5 ;Gb]i6f :jodn]
dSsftk{m Pp6f ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj u/L ljgf /Qmkft dSsfdf ljho xfl;n u/] .
o;k|sf/ O:nfd c/adf ljh]tf eP/ ;+;f/el/ k}mlng yfNof] .
;lbof}“;Dd cNnfxn] c;+Vo ;Gb]zjfxsx? k7fP . tfklg pgn] clGtd
;Gb]zsf;fy -s'/cfg_ oL clGtd ;Gb]i6f -d'xDdb_ nfO{ k7fpg to u/] . logL
clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs cfkmgf] sfnb]lv lsofdtsf] lbg;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{
dfgjhfltsf nflu ;Gb]zjfxs x'g . To;kl5 g s'g} k|sfzgf x'g]5 g of]
k|sfzgfdf s'g} k]m/abnsf] nflu s'g} ;Gb]i6f cfpg]5g . t;y{ pgL klxnfsf
;Gb]i6fx?eGbf s]xL lx;fan] km/s klg 5g .
klxnf], s'g} uNtL jf aªUofO{ ;Rofpgsf] nflu kl5 sf]xL ;Gb]i6f
gcfpg] x'gfn] h'g k|sfzgf clGtd ;Gb]i6faf6 k|fKt ul/of] To;nfO{ o;sf]
k'/fgf] z'4tfdf ;'/lIft ug{' kb{Yof] .
bf];|f], clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] lrGxsf] :jefj klg km/s x'g'kb{Yof] lsgls of]
lrGx ;Gb]zjfxssf] sfndf /x]sf dflg;dfly dfq k|efj kfg{sf] nflu lyPg
a? tL ;a}dfly klg hf] kl5 cfpg]jfnf lyP .
t];|f], logL clGtd ;Gb]i6f dfgjhfltdWo] s'g} Ps ;d'bfosf] nflu
k7fOPsf lyPgg, gq x/]s ;d'bfo cf–cfkmgf lghL clGtd ;Gb]i6f /fVg] x'Gy],
To;kl5 Pscsf{df leGgtf x'GYof] . pgL -clGtd ;Gb]i6f_ ;Gb]zjfxsx?sf]
cfudgsf] cGTo ug{] / ;du| hutsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf]
nflu k7fOg' kYof{] .
rf}yf], k}m;nfsf] lbg;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu o; ;Gb]zsf P]g
/ lzIffx? l:y/ x'g cfjZos ePsf dfldnfx?df l:y/ x'g'ky]{ / lgb{]zgx?
Dffgjhfltsf] abln“bf] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ abnfpsf] nflu v'nf x'g'kYof]{ .
oL ;a} s'/fx? ;a}n] b]Vg ;S5g, …;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf]
s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] ;Gb]zdf 7ofSs} ldN5g . s'/cfg / ;'Ggx -xbL;_ sf]

48. ~ 47 ~
;'/Iffsf] ljifo klxnf g} ax; ul/;lsPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfh klg cg'ej ug{
;lsg] pgsf] …lrGxÚ clGtd rdTsf/, s'/cfgsf] :jefjdfly klg cl3 ax;
ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
t];|f] dfldnfsf] ?kdf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_ s]xL ljlzi6 dflg;sf] nflu k7fOPsf lyPgg a? …pgL ;+;f/el/sf ;a}
dflg;sf] nflu k7fOPsf lyPÚ pb3f]if ug{] pgL Psdfq} lyP . cNnfx eGb5g,
…elgb]pm x] dg'io xf] Û d ltdLx? ;a}tkm{ cNnfxåf/f k7fOPsf] /;"n x'F .Ú -
s'/cfg, & M !%*_
csf]{ Znf]sdf elgPsf] 5, …/, -x] d'xDdb Û_ xfdLn] ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{
dfgjhfltsf]nflu z'e–;Gb]zjfxs tyf ;r]tssf] ?kdf k7fPsf 5f}+ .Ú -
s'/cfg, #$ M @*_
;Gb]i6f d'xDdbn] klg aofg ug{' ePsf] 5, …pgL klxnfsf ;Gb]i6fx?eGbf
kf“rj6f dfldnfx?df k[ys lyP . pgn] hgfPsf tLdWo] clGtd, …csf{ b"tx?
cfkmgf dflg;sf] nflu dfq k7fOGy] hals d ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] nflu
k7fOPsf] 5' .Ú -@%_
cGttM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ af6
hf/L ul/Psf] P]g hf]sf]xLn] k9bf o;df …e'msfpg jf df]8g ;lsg] / d'xDdbsf]
sfndf cEof; u/]e}m+ cfh klg cEof; ug{ ;lsg] tTjx? 5g, eGg] s'/f
kfOG5 . h'g cgGt;Ddsf nflu l:y/ x'g'kg]{ cfjZos lyof], Tof] O:nfdL P]gdf
l:y/ /x]sf] 5 . h'g e'msfpg jf df]8gsf] nflu v'nf 5f]8g'kb{Yof], Tof] v'nf
5f]l8Psf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu Joj;flos dfldnfx?df Jofh ;w}+sf nflu
lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 t/ To;;Fu ;fdfGo kyk|bz{s /]vfx? lbPsf 5g,
To;cg';f/ cfhsf] cfw'lgs o'uem}+ Joj;flos dfldnfsf gof“ ljlwx? ljsl;t
ePkl5 s;}n] O:nfdL kyk|bz{g cg';f/ :jLsf/ ug{ of]Uo jf cof]Uo to ug{
;S5 . o;k|sf/ O:nfdL sfg"g !$ ;o jif{;Dd ;DefJo /xof] / …km};nfsf]
lbg -dxfk|no_ cfp~h]n nuftf/ ;DefJo /xg]5,Ú eGg] k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .

49. ~ 48 ~
cNnfxsf] cfb]z cg';f/ pgL ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf
/ zflGt xf];_ pgsf clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs x'g . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …d'xDdb
ltdLx?dWo] s'g} k'?ifsf lktf xf]Ogg a? pgL cNnfxsf /;"n Pj+ gaLx?sf
;dfks -clGtd gaL–;Gb]i6f_ x'g . /, cNnfx g} k|To]s j:t'sf 1ftf x'g .Ú -
s'/cfg, ## M $)_
;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] klg eg]sf
5g, …d ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6;dIf k7fOPsf] x'F / ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfudg daf6 aGb
ul/Psf] 5 .Ú -@^_ k'gM pgL eGb5g, …O{;|fO{nsf ;Gtfgx? ltgsf
;Gb]i6fx?dfk{mt g]t[Tj ul/Psf lyP, Pp6f ;Gb]i6fsf] b]xfGt ePkl5 csf]{
;Gb]i6fn] pgsf] :yfg lng] ub{Yof], t/ ca dkl5 oxf“ sf]xL ;Gb]i6f cfpg]5}g
.Ú -@&_
o;k|sf/ cGTodf d'xDdb cfP / …pgL clGtd ;Gb]i6f x'g,Ú eGg] k|i6
kf/] . pgL kZrft sf]xL klg ;Gb]i6f cfpg]jfnf 5}g . pgsf] ;Gb]zsf] ;Totf
/ pgsf] Odfgbf/L /fd|/L sfod ePsf] 5 . pgdf ljZjf; sfod u/]kl5 jf
s'/cfgnfO{ ;To 7fg]kl5 To;/L g} pgsf] cgGttfnfO{ klg dfGg'k5{ .
;fy} ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/L csf{ ;Gb]i6fx?nfO{ :jLsfg]{
clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . …d'xDdb ;f“rf] t lyP t/ d pgsf] ;§f df];]; jf
h];;nfO{ k5ofpgsf] nflu rog u5{',Úsf] clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . cNnfxlg/ of]
dfGo x'g'sf] s;}n] ck]Iff ug{' x'“b}g, of}lQms s'/f] oxL xf] . cNnfxn] cl3Nnf
;Gb]i6fx?dWo] afFls/x]sf lzIffx?nfO{ ab/ u/L cfkmgf clGtd ;Gb]zjfxsdf
ljZjf; / k5ofpgsf] nflu d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_
nfO{ k7fPsf x'g . s'/cfgdf cNnfxn] o; s'/fnfO{ o;/L aofg u/]sf 5g, …/,
ha cNnfxåf/f cjtl/t u|Gydfly Odfg Nofpg elgG5 ta ltgLx? eG5g,
xfdL t To;} lstfadfly ljZjf; /fV5f}+ h'g xfdLdfly cjtl/t ePsf] 5 .
ltgLx? To;afx]s cGo -u|Gy_ nfO{ dfGb}gg hals of] -s'/cfg_ k"0f{?kdf ;To
xf] . o;n] ltgLx?sxfF klxn]b]lv ljBdfg u|Gyx?sf] k'li6 ub{5 .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M
(!_

50. ~ 49 ~
;Gb]i6fn] eg]sf 5g, …To; O{Zj/sf] s;d h;sf] xftdf d]/f] k|f0f 5, d
af/] yfx kfPsf dflg;x?dWo] ox"bL jf O{;fO{ hf]sf]xLn] d]/f]af/]df ;'Gof] clg
ddf cjtl/t ePsf ;Gb]zdf ljZjf; gu/L dl/xfNof] pm cjZo g/sjf;L
x'g]5 .Ú -@*_ ;Gb]i6fn] cfkmgf Pshgf ;fyLnfO{ klg atfpg'eof], …d]/f] bfh'
df];]; cfh lhp“bf] ePsf] eP pgnfO{ d]/f] cg';/0fafx]s cGo clwsf/ x'“b}gYof]
.Ú -@(_
5f]6s/Ldf ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbtk{m ;+s]t ug]{ lrGx? :ki6 ?kdf ;fd'Gg] 5g.
d'xDdbsf] cfkmgf] Odfgbf/L ck|ZgLo /x]sf] 5 . pgsf] u|Gysf] ;'/Iff sfod} 5.
;a} ;"rs lrGxx? pgnfO{ ;Gb]i6f x'g]tk{m ;+s]t ul//x]sf 5g . ;Gb]zjfxs
x'gfn] pgsf jf0fLx?df cjZo ljZjf; ug{'k5{ . o;}n] pgn] cfkm"nfO{ clGtd
;Gb]i6f 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g / …;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltn] cg';/0fsf nflu ca pgnfO{
g} /f]Hg'k5{Ú, egL eg]sf 5g . dfgjhfltdWo] x/]snfO{ o;} /f]hfO{sf] ;fdgf
ug'{ kb{5 tyf …pgL 7Ls / o'lQm;“ut lgwf] ug]{5g, eGg] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf] 5.
O:nfd / cf:yf
O:nfdsf] kl/efiff
O:nfd zAb lqmofaf6 cfPsf] xf] h;sf] cy{ x'G5, …p;n] TofUof] jf
cfTd;dk{0f u¥of] .Ú -#)_ o;y{ O:nfd cfTd;dk{0f jf cfkm"nfO{ TofUg'sf] sfo{
jf ljlw xf] . o;}n] d'l:nd Tof] xf] hf] ;dlk{t x'G5 .
kfl/eflifs lx;fan] O:nfd zAbsf] sDtLdf b'O{j6f JofVof k|of]u ul/Psf
5g, -!_ Pp6f kl/efiff of] xf], h'g O{Zj/sf] ;To wd{sf] nflu dflg;sf]
;[li6b]lv k|of]u x'“b} cfPsf] 5 / -@_ Pp6f kl/efiff of] xf], h'g clxn] clGtd
;Gb]i6f d'xDdbaf6 NofOPsf] wd{sf] nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 .
O:nfdM ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] wd{
wfld{s bz{gdf O:nfdnfO{ …PSnf] O{Zj/k|lt ;To ;dk{0f / cf1fkfngÚ
sf] cy{df k|of]u ul/G5 . ;fy} o; lx;fan] O{Zj/sf ;a} ;fFrf] ;Gb]i6fx?sf]
wd{ klg oxL g} lyof] . oyfy{df ltgsf ;a} cg'ofoLx?sf] wd{ klg oxL lyof] .

51. ~ 50 ~
csf]{ zAbdf cfbdsf] ;dob]lv k[YjLdfly clGtd cf:yfjfg /x];Dd x/]s ;To
cf:yfjfgn] O:nfds} cEof; ub{5 / pm Pp6f d'l:nd xf] . cem o;}
wd{sf];w}+el/ kfngf ug{] cNnfxn] cfb]z lbPsf 5g . t;y{ hlxn] klg
cNnfxlg/ :jLsfo{ /x]sf] Psdfq wd{ O:nfd g} xf] . cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g,
…cNnfxsf] b[li6df O:nfd dfq :jLsfo{ bLg -wd{_ xf]] .Ú -s'/cfg, # M !(_
cNnfx cufl8 eGb5g, …/, h;n] O:nfdafx]s cGo s'g} wd{ u|x0f ug{ vf]H5
p;sf] wd{ sbflk :jLsfo{ x'g]5}g / pm cflv/tdf 3f6f a]xf]g{]x?dWo] x'g]5 .Ú -
s'/cfg, # M *%_
…;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cEof; / wd{ O:nfd g} lyof]Ú eGg] cNnfxn]
s'/cfgel/ :ki6 kf/]sf 5g . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cNnfxn] g"xaf6 dflg;;fd'
cf:yfsf] ;Gbe{df pgsf] egfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ o;/Lpb3[t u/]sf 5g, …t/ olb
ltdLx? ljd'v x'G5f} eg] d ltdLx?l;t s'g} k|ltbfg t dfu]sf] 5}g . d]/f]
k|ltbfg t s]jn cNnfxsxfF /x]sf] 5 / dnfO{ cf1fsf/Lx?dWo] aGg] x's'd
ePsf] 5 .Ú -s'/cfg, !) M &@_
Oa|fxLd klg Ps d'l:nd lyP . Oa|fxLdnfO{ klZrdfdf k|foM
…Ps}Zj/jfbsf] lktfÚ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . lgM;Gb]x Oa|fxLd Ps kljq
Ps}Zj/jfbL / O{Zj/k|lt oyfy{ ;dk{0f ug]{jfnf lyP . -pgL Pp6f ;f“rf] d'l:nd
lyP_ tfklg pgL s'g} lx;fan] klg Ps}Zj/jfbsf] hGdbftf eg] lyPgg .
Ps}Zj/jfb cfbdsf] klg wd{ lyof] tyf cfbd / Oa|fxLdaLr g"x h:t} ;a}
;To cf:yfjfgx?sf] klg wd{ lyof] . O{Zj/ jf cNnfxnfO{ dfq dfGg' / pgLlt/
g} ;dk{0f ug'{ O{Zj/sf] ;f“rf] wd{sf] vDaf /x]sf] 5 .
df];]; klg Pp6f d'l:nd g} lyP, pgL klg cNnfxaf6 k|sfzgf kfpg]
uy]{, cNnfxtk{m g} k"0f{tof ;dlk{t lyP / cfkmgf dflg;nfO{ klg To:t} ug]{
cfb]z lbGy] . df];];n] eljiodf cfkm" h:t} Pp6f ;Gb]i6f cfpg] s'/fnfO{ slxn]
klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyPgg, O{zf dl;xn] klg df];]; h:t} sfo{ u/] .
O:nfd wd{nfO{ ckgfpg] jf PSnf] cNnfxlt/ ;dk{0f ug]{ O{zf dl;x
cNnfxsf csf]{ ;Gb]i6f lyP . pgn] klg O:nfd wd{ cfkmgf cg'ofoLx?nfO{
l;sfP . O{zf dl;x ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?e}m+ dfgj g} lyP, cfkm" O{Zj/ ePsf] jf cw{–

52. ~ 51 ~
O{Zj/ ePsf] slxn] klg bfaL u/]gg . j:t'tM …O{zf dl;xn] s;}l;t slxn] klg
cfkmgf] pkf;gf ug{ eg]ggÚ eGg] s'/f cNnfxn] s'/cfgdf :ki6 kf/]sf 5g . -
x]g{'; s'/cfg % M !!^–!!*_
o;k|sf/ O:nfdsf] e|ft[Tj / ;f“rf] cf:yfsf] aGwgn] cfbdb]lv
cGTo;Ddsf ;a} Onfsf / dflg;nfO{ jf/kf/ ub}{ ;a}nfO{ o;} dfu{df ;dflxt
ub{5 . ;To cf:yfjfgx? Ps csf{;“u dfof u5{g / Ps csf{nfO{ ;3fp“5g .
of] ;f“lRrs} Pp6f z'e / a]hf]8 e|ft[Tjsf] gd'gf xf] .
ljz]iftM x/]s o'usf ;f“rf d'l:ndx? ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?df ljZjf; /fV5g .
pgLx? tL ;a}nfO{ ;dy{g u5{g / ltgsf] OHhtsf] arfpm klg u5{g .
jf:tjdf cfhsn ;Gb]i6fx?sf] OHht arfpg] lhDd]jf/L ljz]iftM ;Gb]i6f
d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx?sf] sf“wdf cfOk/]sf] 5 . cGo wd{sf dflg;x? ltgn]
c:jLsf/ u/]sf ;Gb]i6faf/] ckzAb k|of]u ubf{ dfq xf]Og a? ltgLx?sf cfkmg}
;Gb]i6fx?af/] klg ckzAb k|of]u ubf{ jf lvNnL p8fO+bf b'MvL b]lvb}gg . cfh
d'xDdbsf cg'ofoLx? dfq} tL s'nLg / cf:yfjfg ;Gb]i6fx?sf] OHht arfpsf]
nflu pE5g / arfpm klg ub{5g . s;}n] slxn] klg s'g} wfld{s d'l:ndnfO{
Oa|fxLd, O:xfs, d';f, O{zf jf cGo s'g} ;Gb]i6faf/] ckzAb ub}{ ;'g]sf] 5}g .
a? d'l:ndx? tL ;a}sf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] cfb/–;Ddfg u5{g / ltgLx?sf] xs
clwsf/ of]Uo ljlwdf pgL ;a}nfO{ dfof ub{5g .
O:nfdM ;Gb]i6f d'xDdbsf] wd{
;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] ;doeGbf
cl3 Toxf“ w]/} wd{x? k|rngdf lyP eGg ;lsG5 lsgls x/]s ;d'bfosf cf–
cfkmgf ;Gb]i6fx? lyP . h;sf lzIffx?nfO{ pgLx?n] k5ofpg] uy]{ / O:nfds}
af6f]df x'Gy] . o;}a]nf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] To:t} l;nl;nfdf Pp6f gof“ ;Gb]i6f
pgLx?tk{m cfPsf] eP Tof] gof“ ;Gb]i6fnfO{ k5ofpg'afx]s ltgLx?sf] csf{] s'g}
clwsf/ x'g] lyPg . klxnf ax; u/] cg';f/ …h;n] cNnfxsf] kl5Nnf]
;Gb]i6fnfO{ dfGg' c:jLsf/ u5{Ú pm cNnfxtk{m ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t 5}g /
cNnfxtk{m ;f“lRrs} ;dlk{t g ePsfn] pm d'l:nd x'g ;Sb}g .

53. ~ 52 ~
t;y{ ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbsf] ;dob]lv -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0f / pkf;gfsf] Pp6} :jLsf/o'Qm ljlw cyf{t ;Gb]zjfxs
d'xDdbsf] dfu{ /x]sf] 5 . cfhsn cNnfxsf] OR5fk|lt ;f“lRrs} cfTd;dk{0f
ug{ ;lsg] oxL Psdfq dfu{ xf] . h;n] hfgLhfgL ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ nfO{ c:jLsf/ u5{, pm cGo hlt
;Gb]i6fx?dfly ljZjf; /fv] klg cNnfxk|lt ;dlk{t / d'l:nd x'g ;Sb}g .
…cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0fÚ jf O:nfdsf] gfd kfPsf] PSnf] wd{ d'xDdb -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] wd{ xf]Ú pNn]v ug{' ?lrk"j{s x'G5 .
cGo k|Voft wd{x? JolQm ljz]if, dflg; jf :yfgx?sf] gfddf k|rngdf /x]sf
5g . dfOqmf];km6 OGsf6f{ cg';f/ ox'bLsf] kl/efiff clxn]sf] lxa|f] cl3 klg
e]l6Psf] 5}g . of] ox'bfsf] gfdl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . O{zfO gfd lg;Gb]x O{zfkl5
cfPsf] xf] / a'4 wd{sf] gfd a'4kl5 cfPsf] xf] . lxGb'dtsf] gfd lxGb':tfg
:yfgl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . t/, cNnfxsf] a'l4dQf / bofn] ubf{ cNnfxk|lt
;dk{0fsf] Psdfq ;f“rf] wd{sf] gfd -h'g ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] wd{ xf]_ ;Dk"0f{
dfgjhfltsf nflu k7fOPsf clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] p2]Zo;“u dfq} /flvPsf] /
;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 .
;du|df clxn] O:nfd / of]eGbf klxnfsf ;a} ;Gb]i6fx?sf] k4lt kfpg
Psdfq pkfo ;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdbnfO{ cg';/0f ug'{ xf] . d';fsf] af/]df
;Gb]Zfjfxsn] eg]sf 5g, …d]/f] bfh' d';f cfh hLljt ePsf] eP pgnfO{ d]/f]
cg'ofoL x'g'afx]s csf{] s'g} pkfo x'“b}gYof] .Ú -#!_
;Gb]zjfxs d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf]
k4ltnfO{ ckgfpg'sf] lglDt x/]ssf] nflu v'nf ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f ;'Gb/
aofgdf ;Gb]zjfxsn] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflttk{m cfkmgf] cfXjfgsf] :jefpsf] Pp6f
/x:odoL JofVof u/]sf 5g . …pgn] ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf s]xL :ju{b"tx?
pgLlg/ cfP, ;Gb]i6f;Fu tL :ju{b"tx?n] eg], …pgL ;'lt/x]5g To;}n] pgnfO{
5fl8 b]cf}+_Ú csf{n] hjfkm lbP, …logsf cf“vf lgbfO{/x]sf 5g t/ lbn hfu?s
5 .Ú pgLx?n] eg], …xf], ltd|f ;fyL To:t} 5Ú / pgLx?n] ;dfg k|:tfj u/] .
pgLx?n] eg], …o;sf] pbfx/0f o:tf] dfG5] h:tf] xf] h;n] Pp6f ejg agfp“5,

54. ~ 53 ~
To;df vfg]lkpg] ;fdu|Laf6 el/k"0f{ Pp6f 7"nf] 6]a'n nufp“5 / c?
dflg;x?nfO{ To;tk{m 8fS5 . hf] p;sf] lgDtf] :jLsf5{g, 3/leq k:5g /
la5fOPsf] d]raf6 vfG5g . hf] p;sf] lgDtf] :jfsfb{}gg, pgL g t 3/leq
k:5g g la5fOPsf] d]raf6 vfG5g .Ú s]xL :ju{b"tn] eg], …o;nfO{ o;sf] cy{
atfpm .Ú csf{n] pQ/ lbP, …of] ;'lt/x]5Ú tL csf{af6 hjfkm cfof], …o;sf
cf“vf ;'lt/x]5g t/ o;sf] lbn hfu?s 5 .Ú t;y{ pgn] /x:osf] JofVof ub{{}
eg], …Tof] ejg :ju{ xf] / 8fSg] dfG5] d'xDdb x'g -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf /
zflGt xf];_ . To;}n] d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf]
cf1fkfng oyfy{df cNnfxsf] cf1fkfng xf] . hf] sf]xL d'xDdb -pgLdfly
cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ sf] cj1f u5{ pm jf:tjdf cNnfxsf] cj1f u5{
. / d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ dfgjhfltnfO{ d'lQm
lbnfpg] x'g .Ú -#@_
ca To; lgdGq0ffsf] pb3f]if eO;s]sf] 5 / x/]sn] pQm lgdGq0ffnfO{
:jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ u/L cfkmgf] lg0f{osf] kl/0ffd cjZo ef]Ug' kg{]5 .
cf:yfaf/] O:nfdL wf/0ff
cNnfxk|lt jfXo ;dk{0fsf;fy} lbndf klg cjZo ljZjf; /fVg'k5{ .
cf:yfl;t ;DalGwt k|Zg s]df ;Defljt ljZjf; /fVg' kg]{ xf] jf csf]{
kl/efiffdf cf:yfsf ljifox? s] s] x'g < ;Gb]zjfxsn] Psrf]l6 cf:yfsf]
JofVof o;/L u/]sf 5g, …of] cNnfxnufot pgsf :ju{b"tx?df, pgsf
lstfax?df, pgsf ;Gb]i6fx?df, clGtd lbgdf, /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'a} O{Zj/Lo
cfb]zdf ljZjf; ug{' xf] .Ú oxf“ ;Gb]zjfxsn] cf:yfsf k|fylds wf/fx?tk{m
cf}+NofPsf 5g . tL wf/fx? ulGtdf b]xfo adf]lhd ^ j6f 5g,
-!_ cNnfxdf ljZjf;, O:nfdL cf:yfsf] dxTjk"0f{ vDaf xf] . cf:yfsf]
of] ljifo of] lstfael/ :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 / To;}n] oxf“ k'gM lj:tf/sf]
cfjZostf 5}g .
-@_ :ju{b"tx?df ljZjf;, :ju{b"tx? cNnfxsf] ;[li6sf Pp6f lsl;d x'g
hf] ;fdfGotof dfG5]af6 b]lv+b}gg . pgLx? k|sfzaf6 ;[li6 ul/Psf 5g, t/

55. ~ 54 ~
pgLx?sf] ?k / z/L/ x'G5 . pgLx? cNnfxsf ;]js x'g / pgLleq s'g}
k|sf/sf] O{Zj/Lo efj x'Fb}g . pgL pgsf] k"0f{tof cf1fkfng u5{g / pgsf]
cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 slxn] klg cndn ub}{gg . …dfgjhfltsf] cg'ejL
If]qeGbf k/ s]xL cl:tTjx? klg /x]sf 5g eGg] oyfy{df cf3ft g nfUg'k5{
lsgls cfh klg o; k[YjLdfly dflg;n] klxnf ghflgPsf k|f0fL ljz]ifx?
e]6fO/x]sf 5g .
-#_ cNnfxaf6 k|sfzgf ul/Psf lstfax?df ljZjf;, cNnfxsf
lstfax?df ljZjf;n] cNnfxn] cfkmgf ;Gb]zjfxsx?tk{m cfkmgf] s[kf /
kyk|bz{gsf] nflu dfgjhfltnfO{ o; hLjgdf ;kmntf / o;kl5sf] hLjgdf
;'v k|flKtsf] nflu tfGg] cNnfxsf k|sfzgftk{m cf}+Nofp“5 . s'/cfg o:tf
lstfax?sf] Pp6f ;+Voftk{m ;+s]t u5{, Oa|fxLdsf d'7f cfsf/sf k':tsx?,
df];];sf] tf}/ft, 8}lj8sf ehgfjnL / h];];sf z'e–;dfrf/x? . -
…;Gb]zjfxsx?n] k|fKt u/]sf df}lns k|sfzgfx?sf] gfdn] hflgg] cfhsf
lstfax? x'ax' To:tf 5}ggÚ cjZo ;Demgf /fVg'k5{ . -To;nfO{ 7Ls;“u
;'/lIft ul/Psf] lyPg_ u|Gyx?af/] ljZjf;df s'/cfg clGtd k|sfzgf x'g]
ljZjf; klg ;lDdlnt /x]sf] 5 . …cNnfxn] k|sfzgf u/]sf s'g} nfO{ ljZjf; /
cGonfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{'df cfkmgf] clwsf/ atfpg' dfG5]sf] nflu 7"nf] x7 jf
cljZjf;sf] Pp6f lsl;d dflgPsf] 5Ú eGg] a'emg' w]/} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
cNnfxn] eg]sf 5g, …s] ltdLx? O{zu|Gysf s]xL c+zdfly cf:yf /fVb5f} clg
s]xL c+zk|lt s'k|m -cgf:yf k|bz{g_ u5f{} < ltdLx?dWo] h;n] o:tf] u5{
p;sfnflu o;afx]s c? s] ;hfo x'g ;S5 ls ;f+;fl/s hLjgdf Tof]
ckdflgt xf]; / dxfk|nosf] lbg cToGt s7f]/ oftgftkm{ x'TofOof]; < /,
cNnfx ltdLx?n] ug{] u/]sf sfo{x?af6 cgle1 5}gg .Ú -s'/cfg, @ M *%_
-$_ ;Gb]i6fx?dfly ljZjf;, of] ljrf/ klg klxnf g} lj:tf/;“u ax;
ul/;lsPsf] 5 / To;}n] o;sf] oxfF cem} AofVof ug{'kg{] vf“rf] b]lv+b}g .
-%_ clGtd lbg / cflv/tdf ljZjf;, To;kl5 csf]{ lbg gx'g'nfO{
…clGtd lbgÚ elgPsf] 5 . To;kl5 :ju{sf dflg; cfkmgf] cfjf;df / g/ssf
dflg; cfkmgf cfjf;df x'g]5g . To;sf] csf]{ gfd klg 5 h:t} …d/f]0ff]Q/

56. ~ 55 ~
hLjgÚ …Gofosf] lbgÚ . dflg;n] kf/ ug]{ Tof] ;aeGbf 7"nf] lbg xf]nf . jf:tjdf
Tof] ;aeGbf uDeL/ / eofgs lbg x'g]5 . To;lbg dfG5]sf] gof“ lhGbuL
lgwf{l/t ul/g]5 . To;n] x/]s k|f0fLsf] nflu Pp6f gof“ ;'?jft k|tLt ug]{5 .
pQm gof“ v'l8snf]n] oft cgGt k/d ;'v k|fKt ug{]5 jf g/sb08tk{m
8f]¥ofpg]5 . clGtd lbgsf] ljZjf;n] s'/cfg jf d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf]
s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] To;lbg jf To;kl5sf lbgx?af/] lhls/ u/]sf x/]s
s'/fsf] ljZjf;nfO{ hgfp“5 . Toxf“ s]xL cfd?kx? -d/f]0ff]Q/ hLjg, km};nf,
Ogfd, :ju{ / g/s_ 5g tyf s'/cfg jf cNnfxsf ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly
cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ af6 lhls/ ul/Psf cGo lj:t[t ?kx? klg 5g .
cem cufl8 To;lbg / To;sf] ;]/f]k]m/f]sf 36gfx?af/] 1fg ePkl5 o;n]
dfG5]dfly 7"nf] c;/ kfg]{5 . t;y{ s'/cfg / ;'Ggtn] To; lbg / To;a]nfsf
36gfx?af/] w]/} lj:t[t s'/fx? pknAw u/fp“5g .
…:ju{ jf g/sdf x'g] af/] ls6fgsf;fy eGg ;lsGgÚ eGg] a'emg
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . -##_ …sf] ;“u s] x'g]5 eGg] s;}nfO{ yfx 5}g . cfhsf] Pp6f
;Rrl/q dfG5] abNg ;S5 / ef]ln cfkm"nfO{ g/stk{m 8f]¥ofp“b} b'i6 x'g ;S5 .
O:nfdsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] b'Zdg / cljZjf;L eljiodf k5'tf] ug{ ;S5 /
cfkm"nfO{ :ju{tk{m 8f]¥ofp“b} ;aeGbf al9 wfld{s x'g ;S5 . kSs} s]xL o:tf
dflg;x? klg 5g hf] slxn] klg O:nfdaf/] ;'Gg rfx“b}gg jf O:nfdsf] w]/}
c;To lrq dfq} b]vfOPsf x'G5g . …o;kl5sf] hLjgdf o:tf dflg;x?l;t s]
Jojxf/ ul/g]5, cNnfxnfO{ dfq} yfx 5 . tfklg s]xL s'/fx? lglZrt 5g,
h:t} cNnfx PSn} To; lbgsf] lg0ff{os x'g]5, cNnfxn] s;};“u klg s0f a/fa/
klg cGofo ug]{5}g / sf]xL ;f“rf] d'l:nd / ljZjf;stf{ ePdf cNnfx p;l;t
v'zL x'g]5 .
-^_ O{Zj/Lo cfb]zdf ljZjf; /fVg', …o;sf] cy{, …o; ;[li6df s'g} 36gf
cNnfxsf] cg'dlt / OR5f lagf 36g ;Sb}gÚ eGg] oyfy{df ljZjf; /fVg' xf] .
pgsf] OR5flj?4 hfg s;}df ;fdy{ 5}g . ;a} s'/fx? pgsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf
5g . …tfklg o;sf] cy{, O:nfd efUojfbL xf] eGg] xf]Og . dflg;nfO{ Pp6f
lsl;dsf] :jtGq OR5f lbPsf] 5 . …h;/L klg dflg;n] cfOGbf h] ug]{5gÚ
cNnfx cfkmgf] k"0f{ 1fgn] To;nfO{ klxnfb]lv g} hfGb5 . …pgLx? h] klg ug{

57. ~ 56 ~
OR5's 5g, p;nfO{ yfx 5 / p;n] klg To;nfO{ rfxG5 / To;sf] cf1f lbG5
t/ pm ltgLx?af6 cfkmgf] hLjg rogsf] sf/0f xf]Og .
O:nfdL cf:yfsf pk/f]Qm oL kf“r cfwf/e"t ljifoj:t'x? x'g . oxf“
cf:yfl;t ;DalGwt Pp6f bf];|f] dxTjk"0f{ ljifo …cf:yfÚsf] jf:tljs cy{ /
tfTko{ s] xf] < eGg] ljifo klg /x]sf] 5 . klxnf], cf:yf cyf{t sf]xLdf ;f“rf] /
l:y/ ljZjf;n] To;sf] cf1fkfngtk{m 8f]¥ofpg'k5{ . cGoyf Tof] s'g} tYosf]
Pp6f dfGotf dfq x'g]5 / cf:yfaf/] O:nfdsf] pQm ljrf/ xf]Og .
dfG5]sf cf:yfx? p;sf] cl:tTjsf ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ ?k x'g . ToxL
p;sf] hLjgz}nL / JolQmut 5gf}6 k5fl8 sf/s zlQm x'g] u5{g . ;f“rf] /
k|efjzfnL ljZjf;x? Pp6f slNkt ;tx;Dd dfq k'Ub}gg a? ltgLx?sf]
k|efj lbgfg'lbg Jojxfl/s ;txdf b]vfk5{ . csf]{ zAbdf s;}sf sd{x?dfly
s'g} bl/nf] c;/ g/fvL Toxf“ s'g} ;f“rf] cf:yf g} x'“b}g . …d cfkmgf] lbndf
ljZjf; /fV5'Ú s;}n] bfaL u/]kl5 To;}a]nf p;n] cfkmgf] ljZjf;sf] bfaLcg'?k
sd{x? gul/sg p;sf] bfaL ;xL x'“b}g . To:tf] dfG5]sf sd{x? p;sf] cfkmgf]
lbndf ePsf] cf:yfsf] bfaLnfO{ c;To k|dfl0ft ul/lbG5g . o;k|sf/ O:nfdL
bz{g cg';f/ lbndf ;f“rf] cf:yfn] sd{x?af6 O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] rfxgf
u5{ .
O:nfddf pkf;gfsf lgoldt sd{x?
pkf;gfsf] kl/lw
pkf;gfsf] O:nfdL kl/efiff cg';f/ kfngstf{sf] clgR5fk"0f{ dftxtL
eGg] cy{ x'G5 . O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf Psdfq p2]Zo xf] h;sf] nflu jf:tjdf
;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] ;[li6 ul/Psf] 5 . oyfy{df hlxn] klg sf]xL ;j{>]i7 /
;j{dxfg O{Zj/sf] ;f“rf] ;]jf / pkf;gfaf6 g} x'g ;S5 .
clNdS/LhL n]V5g, …pkf;gfsf] :j?kdf rf/j6f s'/fx? kb{5g,

58. ~ 57 ~
…pkf;gfÚ lgoldt jf wfld{s jf cfWoflTds 7fg]sf sd{x?df ;Lldt
5}g. ;s];Dd cNnfxsf] Pp6f k"0f{;]js aGg' p;sf] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . clgR5fk"0f{
dftxtLsf] ;xL wf/0ff w]/} Jofks 5 . pkf;gf jf Oafbtsf] wf/0ffdf cNnfxn]
dg k/fpg] / d~h'/L lbg] cfGtl/s jf afXo x/]s egfO{ jf u/fO{ zfd]n 5g .
t;y{ pkf;gf dfG5]sf] x/]s efudf ldl;Psf] x'g'k5{ . o;n] p;leq ljlzi6
u'0fx?nfO{ afXo sd{x? h:t} 5'g'k5{ .
5f]6s/Ldf pkf;gfn] lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ cf]u6]sf] 5,
-s_ dfG5]sf] k|e';“usf] ;DaGw . -v_ dfG5]sf] cfkmgf] cfTdf;“usf]
;DaGw / To;dfly clwsf/ . -u_ dfG5]sf] cfkmgf] ;du| ;dfh;“usf] ;DaGw .
-3_ dfG5]sf] cfkmgf gft]bf/, nf]Ug]:jf:gL, ;Gtfg / pm;“u ljz]if xsclwsf/
/fv]sf ;a};“usf] ;DaGw . -ª_ dfG5]sf] cNnfxn] o; ;[li6df /fv]sf
hgfj/x?;“usf] ;DaGw . -r_ lhDd]jf/Lsf;fy / g}lts tj/n] k|of]usf] nflu
cNnfxn] ;[hgf u/]sf] kof{j/0f / ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]tx?;“usf] ;DaGw .
tfklg cNnfxn] dfgjhfltnfO{ pkf;gfsf tL sd{x?df s;/L cufl8
a9g], To;nfO{ s;/L hf]ufpg] / To;nfO{ s;/L lg/Gt/tf lbg] eGg] cflb
s'/fx?af6 lagf k|df0f 5f]8]sf] 5}g . a? cNnfxn] dfgjhfltsf nflu
pkf;gfsf lalzi6 lgoldt sd{x? lgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . oL sd{x? ltgsf
pkf;gfsf sd{ x'g / ltgLx? Ps cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf] dfu{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbgsf nflu dfG5]nfO{ ;3fpg] sd{ klg x'g . tL sd{x?dWo] ;a}eGbf al9
dxTjk"0f{ sd{ …O:nfdsf kf“r cfwf/ :tDeÚ sf] gfdn] kl/eflift 5g .
;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] a0f{g u/]sf 5g,
…O:nfdnfO{ kf“rj6f -cfwf/ :tDe_ df :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5, …cNnfxafx]s
pkf;gf of]Uo sf]xL xf]Og / d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f x'gÚ eGg] s'/fsf] ;fIfL
aSg', gdfh sfod ug{', hsft -wd{bfg_ lbg', To; 3/ -scaf_ sf] xHh ug{'
tyf /dwfg dlxgfsf] a|t -/f]hf_ /fVg' .Ú -#$_
klxnf] cfwf/ :tDe cf:yfsf] 3f]if0ff xf] . …hgtfsf] k'li6 a]u/ s;}n] klg
lbndf cf1fkfng x'g' bfaL ug{' x'“b}gÚ eGg] klxnf] cfwf/ :tDen] hgfp“5 .
O{Zj/sf] cf1fkfngsf] cy{ uf]Ko cf1fkfng xf]Og . of] Pp6f ;fj{hlgs

59. ~ 58 ~
cf1fkfng xf], of] x/]ssf] cfr/0fnfO{ xf“Sg] zlQm xf] . o;k|sf/ b[9 ljZjf;,
cf:yf, z'4 lgot / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy hf] sf]xLn] …sf]xL pkf;gf of]Uo xf]Og
cNnfxafx]s / d'xDdb cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f x'gÚ sf] 3f]if0ff ug{'k5{ .
oL cfwf/ ljgf af“sL sd{x? jf:tjdf Joy{ x'G5g . cGo sd{x?
cf:yfdfly cjZo cfwfl/t x'G5g . k|ydtM O{Zj/ / pgsf ;Gb]i6fdf ljZjf;
g/flv s;}n] s'g} sd{dfk{mt O{Zj/nfO{ /fd|f];“u v'zL kfg{ ;Sb}g . t;y{
o;cf:yfsf] ;+utn] sd{x?tk{m xf“S5 . o; cf:yfn] 8f]¥ofPsf] klxnf] sd{
cf:yfsf] 3f]if0ff / Pnfg xf] . t;y{ ;a}sf] nflu csf{ cfwf/x?sf] of] k|f/lDes
ljifoj:t' xf] .
cGo rf/j6f :tDex? tn aofg ul/Psf 5g,
gdfh -k|fy{gf_
bf];|f] :tDe, …k|fy{gf sfod ug{'Ú -gdfh_ xf] . of] :tDesf] cy{ cfkmgf]
OR5fg';f/ hlxn] / hxf“ klg dfq} k|fy{gf ug{' xf]Og . x/]s d'l:ndn] O{Zj/k|lt
cfkmgf] cf1fkfngsf] df}lns lrGx ;/x cjZo ug{'kg]{ cf}krfl/s / lgoldt
k|fy{gfx? 5g . -#%_ k|To]s lbg lgwf{l/t ;dodf To:tf kf“rj6f k|fy{gfx? 5g
. klxnf] k|fy{gfsf] ;do laxfgL x'g'eGbf cufl8 jf ;"of{]bo x'g'eGbf cufl8 x'G5
. bf];|f] k|fy{gfsf] a]nf 7ofSs} dWofGxkl5 k|f/De x'G5 . t];|f], ck/fGxkl5 z'?
x'G5 . rf}yf], ;"of{:t nuTt}kl5 k|f/De x'G5 . /, kf“rf}+ /ftb]lv z'? x'G5 . t;y{
Pp6f d'l:ndnfO{ Pp6f cf}krfl/s k|fy{gfaf6 6f9f /xgsf] nflu lbgel/df s'g}
cjlw afFsL /x+b}g . oL af/Daf/sf k|fy{gfx?n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf]
kfngstf{l;tsf] ;DaGw / hLjgdf p;sf] ;xL p2]ZonfO{ nuftf/ :d/0f
u/fp“5 .
cfd?kn] oL k|fy{gfx? dl:hbdf pkl:yt eO{ ;fd"lxs ?kdf ug{'
clgjfo{ ul/Psf 5g . o;}n] d'l:nd cfjfbLdf cgulGt dl:hbx? :yfkgf
ul/Psf x'G5g . cf:yfjfgx? cfkm"dWo] s;}åf/f ljlzi6 jfSof+z kf7 ub}{
k|fy{gfsf] nflu o;/L af]nfOG5g, …cfpm k|fy{gftk{m… …cfpm ;kmntftk{m .Ú
eQmx? k|fy{gfsf] cu'jf -O{dfd_ sf k5fl8 dl:hbdf ;f]emf] k+lQm agfp“5g . tL

60. ~ 59 ~
;a} Pp6} lbzf dSsflt/ pGd'v x'G5g . k|fy{gf c/aL efiffdf s'/cfg k9]/
ul/G5 . k|fy{gf eGgfn] cNnfxnfO{ ;fi6fË / 9f]Ug] eGg] x'G5 . ;+;f/el/sf] ofqf
u/]kl5 s;}n] d'l:ndx?nfO{ Pp6} z}nL / Pp6} c/aL efiff / avfgdf k|fy{gf
ub}{ u/]sf] kfOg]5 . o;k|sf/ Pp6f d'l:nd ;+;f/el/sf s'g} klg dl:hbdf
k;]/ t'?Gt} 3/ h:tf] tyf cf:yfsf cfkmgf bfh'efO{ / lbbLalxgLdfem x'g]
cg'e"lt u5{ .
k|fy{gfx?sf] dxTj cfkmgf] hLjgdf ug]{ sd{x?sf] oyfy{df /xG5 .
;a}eGbf al9 dxTjk"0f{ ?k dflg;sf] cNnfx;“usf] ;DaGw xf] . cNnfxaf/]sf]
1fg, lgisk6tf / cNnfxsf] pkf;gf ug{' g} p;sf] cf:yf xf] . cNnfx;“usf] of]
;DaGw egfO{ / u/fO{ b'a}df /flvPsf] 5 tyf k|fy{gfåf/f To;nfO{ ;'wf/ u/L
a9fOPsf] 5 .
hsft -wd{bfg_
O:nfdsf] t];|f] :tDe hsft jf wd{bfg xf] . hsft Pp6f ljlzi6 ;d"x
h:t} u/La jf bLgxLgx?nfO{ jif]{gL cjZo lbg'kg]{ s;}sf] ljleGg ;DklQsf]
Pp6f ljlzi6 lx:;f xf] .
cNnfxsf] sf/0f cfkmgf] wgsf] s]xL efu 5f]8gsf] nflu afWo kfg{] ljrf/
klxnf ;Gb]i6fx?sf] ;Gb]zdf klg kfOg] pkf;gfdWo] Pp6f sd{ xf] . cfTdfsf]
zf]wgdf o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] x'G5 eGg] ;Gbe{df ;'n}dfg gbjLåf/f
o:tf] pb3[t ul/Psf] 5,
…Dffgjhfltsf] cfWoflTds /f]usf] d'Vo sf/0f cNnfxl;t cfzf / qf;sf]
cg'kl:ylt / pxf“;“u dfof / ;DaGwsf] sdL xf] . oL /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ k|fy{gf -
gdfh_ xf] . oL /f]ux?sf] csf]{ sf/0f klg xf] cyf{t cNnfx;“u ;DaGwsf] ;§f
;f+;fl/s ef]u, wg;DklQ / hfoh]yf;“u al9 ;DaGw . /f]usf] of] bf];|f] sf/0fsf]
pkrf/ hsft -wd{bfg_ xf] .Ú -#^_
pkf;gfsf] of] sd{n] pkf;gfsf] kl/lwsf] ;DaGwdf cl3 ax; u/L
;lsPsf] Pp6f tYodfly Wofg s]lGb|t u/fp“5 . pkf;gfsf] ;/f]sf/ cfkmgf]

61. ~ 60 ~
k|e'l;t cGt/lqmofaf6 dfq} x'“b}g a? o;n] ljz]iftM d'l:ndx?sf]
cGt/lqmofl;t / cfd?kdf af“sL ;a} dfgjhfltl;t ;/f]sf/ /fV5 . hsftåf/f
k|ToIf ?kdf csf{sf cfjZostfx? k"/f ul/G5 . h'gsf/0fn] csf{l;t
cGt/lqmof ug{'k5{ Tof] k'gM Psrf]l6 cNnfxsf] pkf;gf g} xf] .
hsftn] cNnfxsf vflt/ csf{sf] d2t / kl/Tofusf] dg;fo cfTdfdf
ljsl;t u/fp“5 . ;f“rf] cf:yfjfgn] cNnfxsf] sf/0f lbg', …cNnfx o:tf
sd{l;t w]/} v'zL x'G5Ú eGg] xif{sf] r]tgzLn v]tL cfkmgf] lbndf u5{ . of]
:jfyL{ x'g', unt wg Psflf ug{' / d'6'af6 cxdtfsf s'ljrf/x? pGd"ngsf]
nflu dfq xf]Og cem o;sf] ;/f]sf/ To;eGbf klg al9 /x]sf] 5 . of]
ltgLx?sf] ;+efljt /f]uL dgf]efjsf] x/]s d'l:ndn] kl/Tofu ug{'kg]{ / cNnfxsf]
al9 lgs6tf kfpgsf] nflu csf{sf] d2t ug{'kg]{ dgf]efjl;t :yfgfGt/ ub{5 .
a|t -/f]hf_ /fVg'
O:nfdsf] rf}yf] :tDe O:nfdL ;Ddtsf] gjf}+ dlxgf /dwfgsf] a|t /fVg'
xf] . vfg', lkpg' / of}g ;Dks{af6 lbgdf -laxfgLb]lv ;"of{:t;Dd_ of] dlxgfdf
?Sg' o;sf] cfzo xf] . -#&_
a|t ;+od, elQm / O{Zj/ r]tgfsf] ;|f]t xf] . cNnfxn] o;sf] cfb]z
d'xDdb -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ eGbf klxnfsf
;Gb]zjfxsx?nfO{ klg lbPsf lyP . /dwfg dlxgfsf] a|t lgwf{l/t ug]{ Znf]sdf
cNnfxn] o;sf] :yfg / p2]Zo o;/L atfPsf 5g, …x] cf:yfjfgx? xf] Û
ltdLx?dfly a|tclgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 h;/L ltdLx?eGbf cl3sf dflg;x?dfly
clgjfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] . cfzf 5 ls ltdLx?leq O{zeo pTkGg x'g]5 .Ú -
s'/cfg, @ M !*#_
a|tsf] kl/lw s]jn vfgf vfg', lkpg' / of}g ;DjGwaf6 ?Sg'eGbf cem
w]/} /x]sf] x'G5 . o;df cNnfxsf] r]tgf clt r'lnPsf] x'G5 . O{Zj/Lo r]tgfsf]
of] rls{t ;tx a|t /fVbf x/]ssf] x/]s s'/f]df k|ltlalDat x'g'k5{ . ;Gb]zjfxs
-pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] o; j0f{gdf pQm tYotk{m ;+s]t
u/]sf 5g, …;DejtM a|t /fVg] JolQm cfkmgf] a|taf6 ef]safx]s s]xL kfp“b}g .

62. ~ 61 ~
ca]/ /fltsf] k|fy{gf ug]{x?n] -#*_ ;DejtM cfkmgf] k|fy{gfaf6 clgbf]afx]s s]xL
kfp“b}gg .Ú -#(_ ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] cem
eg]sf 5g, …a|t, vfg' / lkpg'af6 ?Sg' dfq} xf]Og, cem a|t kmh'n / cZnLn
s'/fx?af6 aRg' klg xf] . s;}n] ltdLnfO{ ufnL u/]kl5 jf ltdLl;t d"v{VofO{
u/]kl5 ltdLn] pm;Fu eGg'k5{, …d}n] a|t /fv]sf] 5', d}n] a|t /fv]sf] 5' .Ú -$)_
cGttM ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] eg]sf 5g, …s;}n]
e"m7f] af]Ng jf To;cg';f/ sd{ ug{ 5f]8]g eg] p;n] cfkmgf] vfg' lkpg'
5f]8g'sf] cNnfxnfO{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g .Ú -$!_
a|t Pp6f cEof; xf] h;df dfG5] cfkmgf] OR5f / rfxgf cNnfxsf]
rfxgfnfO{ cl3 /fVb} 5f]l8 lbG5 . o;n] dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] hLjgsf] ;f“rf] nIo
/ p2]Zo ;Demgf u/fpFb5 . a|tn] p;nfO{ cfkmgf] hLjgsf] nflu rflxg] /
p;sf] nflu jf:tjdf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] dfldnfx?nfO{ ;xL kl/k|]Ifdf /fVg] cf1f
lbG5 .
cNnfxsf ;Gb]i6f -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] Ps k6s
eg]sf lyP, …cfkm"eGbf tntk{m x]/ -hf] ltdLeGbf sdt/ 5g_ / cfkm"eGbf
dflytk{m gx]/ -hf] ltdLeGbf al9 ;fdYo{ /fVb5g_ cGoyf ltdLx?dfly
cNnfxsf pkxf/x? ltdLlg/ t'R5 x'gk'U5g .Ú -$@_ o; xbL;df ;Gb]zjfxs -
pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt xf];_ n] Pp6f pkb]z lbPsf 5g hf] x/]snfO{
p;n] cNnfxaf6 kfPsf] cg]s pksf/x?sf] sb/ ug{'df d2t k'¥ofp“b5 . a|tn]
dfG5]nfO{ cem cufl8 n}hfg d2t u5{ . a|t /fVb} dfG5] c?sf] b'b{zf dfq
b]Vb}g a? pm jf:tjdf ltgLx?sf] b'b{zfsf af/]df cfk}m+ klg dx;'; ug{ yfN5 .
t;y{ wgf9on] cfkm"nfO{ lbOPsf]df ljrf/ u/L ;xL s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ ;S5 .
ljz]ifu/L cfhef]ln / ef}lts?kn] ljsl;t s]xL d'n'sx?df s;}n] vfgf, lkpg
z'4kfgL, lah'nL cflb;Dd w]/} ;lhnf];“u kx'“r /fV5g . tL ;xh} pknAw x'gfn]
dfG5] ltgnfO{ cg'bfg 7fg]/ pkef]u ug{ yfN5 / logLx? slt w]/} dxfg a/bfg
x'g / slt w]/} dflg; cfhsf] ;+;f/df oL df}lns cfjZostfx?af6 al~rt
/x]sf 5g, pgLx?n] a'emb}gg .

63. ~ 62 ~
dSsfsf] tLy{ -xHh_ ug{'
O:nfdsf] kfFrf}+ jf clGtd :tDe cNnfxsf] 3/ jf scaflt/ tLy{ -xHh_
ug{' xf] . x/]s d'l:nddfly ef}lts / cfly{s Ifdtf /fv]sf] cj:yfdf
hLjgel/df sDtLdf Psk6s xHh clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
xHhsf lqmofsnfkx? dSsf pkTosfdf Oa|fxLd, pgsL >LdtL xfh/f /
pgsf 5f]/f O:dfOnsf sd{x?sf] ;Demgfdf ul/G5g . x/]sn] ltgLx?sf
kfOnfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] :d[ltdf j:t'tM bf]xf]¥ofp“5 . x/]sn] pgLx?nfO{ :d/0f
u5{g lsgls pgLx?n] cNnfxsf] sf/0f lxh/t u/]sf lyP / To;sf] abnfdf
cNnfx pgLx?;Fu v'zL ePsf lyP / s}of}+ lx;fan] pgLx?dfly s[kf u/]sf
lyP .
of] xHh jf:tjdf Pp6f lg/Gt/ rln/xg] cEof; xf] . ;+;f/sf x/]s
s'gfaf6 s}of}+ ldlnog dflg;x? Ps} :yfgdf cfpg] u5{g / dSsfdf
em'lDdG5g . pgLx? cNnfxsf] ;]jfdf af/Daf/ dSsf cfpgsf] nflu cfkmgf]
v'zL JoQm u5{g . ltyf{n'x?aLr To; z'e lbg cfkmgf] k|e'cufl8 plePsf] a]nf
;f+;fl/s lje]bx? ;dfKt x'G5g .
x/]s d'l:ndn] xHhsf] nflu ;do, wg / ldlxg]tsf] 7"nf] kl/Tofu ub{5
. x/]s d'l:ndn] cfkmgf] cf:yf / kl/TofuaLrsf] ;DaGw cjZo a'emg'k5{ .
alnbfg of] wd{sf] Pp6f cfjZos tTj xf] . Pp6f ;To cf:yfjfgn] cfkmgf]
;do, wg / hLjg klg cNnfxsf] sf/0f alnbfg ug{'sf] rfxgf /fVg'k5{ .
o;eGbf cem a9L ;f“rf] cf:yfjfgn] s'/cfg / ;'Ggt cg'?k gePsf cfkmgf
;a} rfxgf / v'zLnfO{ cjZo klg kl/Tofu ug{'k5{ . oyfy{df x/]s ;f“rf]
cf:yfjfgn] cfkm" / PSnf] cNnfxsf] ;xL pkf;gfaLr c8g] x/]s s'/fnfO{
kl/Tofu ug{'k5{ .
s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf j}1flgs rdTsf/x?
o;eGbf klxnf pNn]v cg';f/ clGtd ;Gb]i6fsf] …rdTsf/Ú a]hf]8 /x]sf]
5 . pgL clGtd ;Gb]zjfxs / pgL kZrft sf]xL klg ;Gb]i6f gcfpg] x'gfn]

64. ~ 63 ~
pgsf] rdTsf/ k}m;nfsf] lbg;Dd k|efj kfg]{ x'g'kb{Yof] . s'/cfg s}of}+ lsl;dn]
rdTsf/L /x]sf] 5 . ut ztfAbLdf jf To;kl5 w]/} dfG5]x?n] o;df el/Psf
k"0f{j}1flgs tYox?sf sf/0f o;nfO{ cbe"t n]v]sf 5g . oyfy{df gof“
cljisf/x? ePsfn] tLdWo] s]xLtk{m s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf ;+s]t ul/Psf] 5, eGg]
oyfy{ dflg;x?n] a'emg yfn]sf 5g .
oxfF :yfg l;ldt ePsf] x'gfn] ljz]if pbfx/0fx?nfO{ lj:t[t JofVofsf]
cj;/ 5}g, s'/cfgsf] cWoogaf/] s]xL u}/d'l:nd j}1flgsx?sf] aofg oxf“
gSsn ug{ kof{Kt xf]nf .
s'/cfgsf j}1flgs rdTsf/x?af/] cfd egfO{x?
ljz]iftM jt{dfg bzsx?df w]/} j}1flgsx? s'/cfgsf cbe"t
:jefjx?af/] rlst ePsf 5g / !$ ;o jif{cl3 s;}åf/f o:tf] sd{ pTkGg
ug{ ;Dej lyPg eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|m]Gr cf}ifwL
8fS6/ df}/fO; Jof};]nn] afOan, s'/cfg / lj1fgsf] Jofks cWoog u/]kl5
n]v]sf 5g, …d'xDdbsf] o'udf 1fgsf] ;txsf] kl/b[Zodf lj1fgl;t ;DalGwt
s'/cfgsf w]/} jf0fLx? Pp6f dfG5]sf] s[lt x'g ;S5g,Ú eGg] ;f]Rg ;lsGg .
cemal9 s'/cfg Pp6f k|sfzgfsf] jf0fL x'gfn] dfq xf]Og, a? o;n] pknAw
u/fPsf ;Totfsf k|df0fx?n] o;nfO{ w]/} ljlzi6 :yfgsf] Ogfd lbP/ klg cfh
k9bfv]l/ o;df ePsf j}1flgs jQmJox?n] klg of] dfgjLo l;dfgfdf
JofVofsf] Pp6f r'gf}lt;/x hfx]/ ePsf] 5 .Ú -$#_
s'/cfg k9bf cfdfsf] ue{df dfG5]sf] ;[li6sf] ax;n] w]/} kf7sx?sf]
b[li6 cfkm"tk{m cfslif{t u5{ . jf:tjdf Joxf]/f / ljZn]if0f lgs} ckf/ ePsf]n]
6f]/f]G6f] ljZjljBfnosf z/L/ /rgf / hLj lj1fgsf s]Oy d"/, k|fWofks
Pd]l/6;n] To;nfO{ cfkmgf] k':ts …b 8]enlkª lxo'dg M lslnlgsNnL
cf]l/PG6]8 PDa|fof]nf]hLÚdf -$$_ ljz]if ;+:s/0fdf ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g .
s'/cfgdf AofVof ul/Psf cbe"t / e|'0f ljBfsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;aLr
Ps?ktfdfly l6Kk0fL ub}{ 8fS6/ d"/n] !(*! Dff o:tf] eg]sf lyP, …dfgj
ljsf;af/] s'/cfgdf ePsf] AofVofnfO{ :k:6 kfg{'df ;3fpm k'¥ofpg' d]/f] nflu
w]/} v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . oL jf0fLx? d'xDdb;Dd cjZo O{Zj/af6 cfPsf 5g eGg]

65. ~ 64 ~
ddfly 5n{¨ ePsf] 5 lsgls oL 1fgx? k|foM w]/} ;lbof}+ kl5;Dd cljisf/
ul/Psf lyPgg . o;n] d'xDdb cjZo O{Zj/sf Pp6f ;Gb]i6f x'g eGg] ljifo
ddf l;4 u5{ .Ú -$%_
z/L/ /rgf tyf k|;"lt 1fg ljz]if1 / d]lg6f]af ljZjljBfnosf
k|fWofks;d]t /x]sf 8fS6/ 6LeLPg k|;fbn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g, …ltdL s'g}
lg/If/ dfG5]nfO{ -cfzo d'xDdb x'g_ j}1flgs k|s[ltaf/] k|efjzfnL pRrf/0f
ub}{ / aofg lb“b} 5Ss kfg]{ ;To e]6fp“5f}, …of] dfq ;+hf]u lyof] eg] d]/f]
a'emfO{eGbf aflx/ 5 . 8fS6/ d"/sf] egfO{cg';f/ o;df w]/} ;Totfx? vflbP/
/x]sf] x'gfn] dnfO{ cfkmgf] of] ljrf/df s'g} cfz+sf 5}g, …pgnfO{ j0f{g ug{
nufPsf] of] Pp6f O{Zj/Lo k|af]wg jf k|sfzgf xf] .Ú -$^_
yfONofG8df lrof+u d} ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks 6]hf6]6 6]hf;]gn] j0f{g
u/]sf 5g, …ljut tLg jif{sf] cGt/fndf d s'/cfgdf ?lrs/ eP“ . cfkmgf]
cWoogaf6 rf}w ;o jif{cl3 s'/cfgdf pNn]v ePsf x/]s s'/f j}1flgs
dfWodaf6 klg k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] kSsf ;To xf], eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
;Gb]i6f d'xDdb k9]n]v]sf dflg; gePsf] x'gfn] cjZo Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs lyP .
lsgls a'l4sf] ?kdf Pp6f of]Uo ;|i6faf6 pgLtk{m k|sfzgf ul/Psf] o;
;TotfnfO{ pgn] k'gM k|;f/ u/] . t;y{ d]/f] ljrf/df of] eGgfsf] nflu oxL
;do xf]===-oxf“lg/ k|fWofks 6]hf;]g O:nfdL cf:yf :jLsf/ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u5{g_ .
-$&_
dfly pNn]v ePsf] clGtd JolQmn] cfkmgf] cf:yfsf] Pnfg u/L d'l:nd
ag] . jf:tjdf O:nfdsf] cWoog ug]{ k"j{]nL / klZrd]nL bzf}+ nfv
dflg;x?nfO{ oxL zf}efUo k|fKt eof] . o; sf]6Ldf s]6 :6]eg jf hd{g /fhb"t
d'/fb xf]kmDofg h:tf s]xL k|Voft dflg; klg x'g ;S5g, t/ o;sf] oyfy{
k5fl8 s]xL ;Totf /x]sf] a'emg] clws 7"nf] ;+Vof s]jn ;f]emf] dflg;sf] 5
tyf pgLx?n] lgisk6, kIfkft/lxt cWoog / dgsf] lrGtgaf6 O:nfdsf]
;Totf a'e]m/ o;nfO{ ckgfp“5g .

66. ~ 65 ~
d'l:nd s;/L aGg] <
d'l:nd aGg] ljlw lgs} ;'ne / ;lhnf] 5 . ;a}eGbf klxnf cf:yfsf]
pb3f]if ug{'k5{ . ;fIfLx?sf] cufl8 o;/L eGg'k5{, …d ;fIfL aS5', pkf;gfsf]
of]UocGo sf]xL 5}g cNnfxjfx]s / d ;fIfL aS5', d'xDdb cNnfxsf clGtd
;Gb]i6f x'g .Ú oL jfSox? pRrf/0f u/]kl5 dfG5] O:nfdsf] ;'Gb/ e|ft[Tjdf
hf]l8G5, o; ;f}xfb{tfsf] cjlw cfbd cn}lx:;nfdsf] ;dob]lv ;+;f/sf]
clGtd lbg;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 .
of] 3f]if0ff ug'{ cl3 g'xfpg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;f+s]lts sd{n]
klxn]sf ;a} sd{x?nfO{ w'g] e"ldsf v]Nb5 lsgls dfG5] ev{/ hLjgsf] Ps
gof“ cj:yfdf kl;/x]sf] x'G5 . ;Gb]zjfxs -pgLdfly cNnfxsf] s[kf / zflGt
xf];_ n] eg]sf lyP, …O:nfdn] O:nfd k"j{sf ;a} kfkx?nfO{ d]65 .Ú -$*_ csf{]
zAbdf rfx] s;}n] c6]/L u/]/ O{Zj/sf] cj1f u/]sf] xf]; jf wd{ ghfGgfn]
u/]sf] xf];, tL ;a} ca dfG5]sf] k5fl8 k/]sf x'G5g . pm ca Pp6f gof“
hLjgsf] yfngL ub{5 . …p;n] ca cfkmgf] klxnf] kfOnf rfn]sf] 5 eGg]
a'emg'k5{ . Toxf“ p;sf] ;fd'Gg] c? w]/} cgf}7f kfOnfx? x'G5g . p;n] ca
cNnfxsf] Tolt~h]n;Dd Pp6f >4fn' pkf;s / ;]js eO{ x's{g' / kmlqmg'k5{,
ha pm cGttM k}m;nfsf] lbg cNnfx;“u cNnfxsf] ;]js ag]/ v'zL x'“b} /
cNnfxn] p;nfO{ cfkmgf] ;]js :jLsf/L v'zL x'“b} e]6g]5 .
… lgZro O:nfd hLjgrof{sf] Pp6f k"0f{ ljlw xf],Ú eGg] s'/fnfO{ cl3
hgfOPsf] 5 . O:nfd :jLsf/ u/]kl5 dfG5]n] cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0fsf] dg;fo
/fVg'k5{ . dfG5]sf] hLjgdf w]/} kl/jt{g x'g'kg]{ o;sf] tfTko{ x'G5 . t;y{ of]
hLjgsf] w]/} t/Lsfx?df cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] ;f“lRrs} Pp6f sbd xf] . …cNnfx
p;sf] hLjgsf] clGtd nIo xf], eGg] 1fg / b[9 ljZjf;sf ;fy p;n] s/f/
ug{'k5{ .
To;kl5 s;}nfO{ cfkmgf] cfWoflTds dfu{df slxn] klg PSnf] /xg' kb}{g
. O:nfd c+ufNg] ljlQs} pm Toxf“ x/]ssf] nflu ePsf] e|ft[Tj / elugLTjsf]
Pp6f efu aG5 . ;+;f/el/sf x/]s d'Vo zx/df s;}n] O:nfdL ;+:yf /
dl:hbx? e]6g ;S5 . o; u|Gysf/sf] cg'ej cg';f/ tL ;+:yfx? aGwgdf

67. ~ 66 ~
cfPsf gof“ dfG5]nfO{ :jfut ug{ / p;nfO{ Ps d'l:nd;/x x'sf{pg] sf]lzz
ug'{df ;w}+ w]/} v'zL x'G5g .
cNnfxn] cfkmgf] s[kfn] cfkmgf] wd{nfO{ x/]ssf] nflu vf]nL lbPsf 5g .
Toxf“ s'g} aGb]hx? 5}gg . Psn cNnfxk|lt ;dk{0f / pkf;gfsf] nflu ljz'4
:j]R5fsf] cfjZostf dfq 5 .
cNnfxn] ;Totf rfxg] ;f“rf] dflg;nfO{ cfkmgf] wd{ O:nfdsf]
cfZro{hgs / ;'Gb/ dfu{tk{m 8f]¥ofcf]; .
cGTo
u|Gysf/n] cNnfxsf] wd{ O:nfddfly s]xL k|sfz kfg]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
:ki6 ?kdf of] Pp6f cbe"t sfo{ xf] / yf]/} zAbx?df ;Dkfbg ug{' ufx|f] klg
x'G5 . slxn] sfxL+ cg'ej ul/g] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ zAbx?df sf]g{ ufx|f] x'G5 . oBlk
oxf“ n]lvPsf dWo] s]xLn] kf7ssf] dg / d'6'nfO{ cjZo 5'g]5g eGg] n]vssf]
cfzf /x]sf] 5 . x/]s kf7ssf] nflu u|Gysf/sf] Psdfq ;Nnfx kljq
OR5fsf;fy cNnfxtk{m pGd'v x'g'xf]; / pgLl;t ;To kysf] k|]/0ff dfUg'xf]; .
tkfO{sf] ;f“rf] ljlGtn] -cNnfxn] rfx] eg]_ tkfO{nfO{ k|ToIf ;Totf / O:nfdsf]
;'Gb/tftk{m tfGg]5 .

68. ~ 67 ~
Kffb l6Kkl8
!, ;Gb]zjfxs -pxf“dfly cNnfxsf] bof / zflGt xf];_ sf] egfO{ / u/fO{nfO{
;'Ggt / xbL; elgPsf] 5 . O:nfdaf/] yk k9bf x/]snfO{ oL b'a} kl/efiffl;t
k|foM ;fdgf ug{'k5{ .
@, o; k'l:tsfdf s'/cfgsf cWofo / Znf]snfO{ atfpgsf] nflu c+sdf h'g
;+s]t ul/Psf] 5 h:t} @M!^, o;sf] cfzo s'/cfgsf] bf];|f] ;"/t jf cWofo /
;f]/xf}“ Znf]s jf cfot xf] .
#, pd/ cNcZs/n] csf]{ pbfx/0f k]z u/]sf 5g, …d?e"lddf s'g} zx/sf]
cjz]if e]6fPkl5 sf]xL k'/ftfTjljb jf cGo s;}n] pSt zx/ dfG5]sf] sd{ af6
xf]Og a? xfjf, jiff{t, udL{ / hf8f]sf] k|fs[lts sd{sf] gtLhfdf sfod ePsf
5g, eg]sf 5}gg . s;}n] o:tf] eg]sf] eP dflg;n] p;nfO{ kfun eGy] . …pd/
cNcZs/sf] lstfa …lanLkm Og cNnfx Og b nfO6 cf]km b s'/cfg PG8
;'GgxÚ af6 .
$, lanfn lkmlnK;, b kk{h cf]km lqmPzg k[i7 $) .
%, lanfn lkmlnK;, b kk{h cf]km lqmPzg k[i7 $!, $@ .
^, d'xDdb cNxDdfb k[i6 @^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] .
&, cxdb lag t}ldof, dHd"c kmtfjf z}v'N O:nfd OlAg t}ldof efu !, k[i7
@$, @( .
*, cNnfxsf] ;fe]mbf/ agfpg'sf] cy{, cNnfxsf] pkf;gfsf ;fy;fy} d"lt{, ?v,
hgfj/, u'kmf, :juL{o JolStTj, k|fs[lts zlSt cflbsf] klg pkf;gf ug{' xf] .
(, d'l:nd ;w}“ cNnfx af6 vf;u/L pgsf oL b'O{ gfdx? af6 cjut /xG5 .
s'g} sd{ ug{ yfNbf x/]s d'l:ndn] of] eG5, …cNnfxsf] gfd af6 hf] clt bofn'
/ ;w}“ bofn' 5 .Ú

69. ~ 68 ~
!), a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .
!!, O:nfdL wf0ff{g';f/ z}tfg v;]sf] kml/Ztf -:ju{ b"t_ xf]Og . kml/Ztfx?
slxNn] klg v:b}gg jf z}tfg h:tf] s]xL x'“b}gg . of] kml/Ztfx?sf] g};u{sf]
emG8} ljk/Lt xf] . z}tfg cs}{ lsl;dsf] ;[li6 xf] h;nfO{ lhGg elgPsf] 5 .
!@, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .
!#, jf:tjdf O:nfdL cf:yfdf cfbd / xJjf b'a}n] Ps} ;fy cfkmgf] kfk
:jLsf/]sf lyP, b'a}n] cNnfxtk{m kZrftfk u/]sf lyP / b'a} cNnfx af6 dfkm
ul/Psf lyP .
!$, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .
!%, -cxdb lag t}ldof_ OAg t}ldofÚ; P:;] cf]g ;]le{l6o"8 k[i7 !@! .
!^, c;+lIfKt cg'jflbt efiffdf O:nfdsf] t'ngf ox"lb / O{;fO{dt ;“u
ul/Psf] 5 .
!&, Ps}Zj/jfbsf] ;Totf cNnfxsf] s[kfn] dfgjhfltsf] :jefjdf ufl8Psf]
ePtf klg Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs gk7fOGh]n / ;Gb]znfO{ :k:6 / kfl/Gh]n pm
slxNn];hfo lb“b}g .…hf] sf]xL l;wf lx“85 pm cfkmgf] :jo+sf] kmfObfsf] nflu
l;wf lx“85 . / hf] sf]xL e6sG5 pm cfk}m“ gf]S;fg Joxf]g{sf] nflu e6sG5 .
sf]xL csf{sf] efl/ p7fpg ;Sb}g . / xfdL slxNn] klg Pp6f ;Gb]zjfxs
gk7fOGh]n ;hfo lbGgf}“Ú -!&M!%_
!*, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
!(, jf:tjdf h:tf] cl3 j0f{g ul/g]5 o;sf] rdTsf/L :jefjsf gof“ ?kx?
nuftf/ kTtf] nufOPsf 5g .

70. ~ 69 ~
@), x]/ nf]P} kmt"xL PG8 z]7f cN bf/uh]nL, lx:6/L 6]l:6kmfOh 6' lb
OGkmoflnlaln6L cf]km lb s'/cfgM PnL{ lx:6/L cf]km lb lrN8]{g cfkm O;|fO{n-
8]NxL, OlG8of_ k[i7 @$&,@$* .
@!, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
@@, hdfn abjLsf] d'xDdb Og lb afOandf k[i7 $)df pNn]v ul/Psf] .
@#, abjL k[i7 $! .
@$, dlYyj !&M!@df h];;sf] egfO{, …Olnof; klxnf cfO;s] 5gÚ pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
@%, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
@^, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
@&, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
@*, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
@(, cxdb / cNbfdL{ af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
#), O{= 8ANo'= n]g, c/las–O“lUnz n]lS;sg efu ! k[i7 !$!# .
#!, cxdb / cNbfdL{ af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
#@, a'vf/L af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
##, cGoyf lg;Gb]x of] s'/cfg jf ;'Ggtdf ;':ki6 aofg ul/Psf] x'GYof] .
#$, a'vf/L / d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
#%, :ki6tM s;}n] x/]s a]nf k|fy{gf / ljlGt ug{ jf :j]lR5s gdfhx? k9g
;S5 . t/ o; cfwf/ vDafsf] cfzo of] xf]Og .

71. ~ 70 ~
#^, ;'n}dfg gbjL, jlzk{ Og O:nfd k[i7 !&( .
#&, Wofg /fVg'xf];, O:nfdL kfqf] rGb|dfdf cfwfl/t kfqf] xf] . t;y{ s}of}“
;fnkl5 /dwfgsf] dlxgf ljleGg ofddf cfpg] u5{ .
#*, /dwfgsf] dlxgfdf lbgdf a|t /fVg ;fy} /dwfgsf] /fltdf d'l:ndx?
ljz]if gdfh klg k95g .
#(, OAg] dfhx af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] / cNcNafgL af6 ;xL 7x/fOPsf] .
$), cNxflsd / cNa}xls af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] / cNcNafgL af6 ;xL 7x/fOPsf].
$!, cNa'vf/L af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
$@, d'l:nd af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .
$#, df}/fO; a's}ln, lb afOan, lb s'/cfg PG8 ;fOG; k[i7 @%!,@%@ .
$$, x]/, s]Oy n=d"/, lb 8]jnlk“u Xo"dg .
$%, cfO{=P=Oa|fxLd, c a|Lkm On:6|]6]8 ufO8 6" cG8/O:6}lG8“u O:nfd k[i7 !) .
$^, Oa|fxLd k[i7 @& df pNn]v .
$&, Oa|fxLd k[i7 #! df pNn]v .
$*, cxdb af6 j0f{g ul/Psf] .

72. ~ 71 ~
ljifo ;"rL ‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺔ‬
kl/ro ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
O{Zj/ -cNnfx_ dfly ljZjf; ug'{ # ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﻤﺎن‬
Kff7k"hfsf] Pp6} nIo cNnfx x'g'k5{ % ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
cNnfxsf gfd / u'0fx?df ljZjf; !! ‫وﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﻤﺎن‬
a|fXdf08 / dfgjhflt !$ ‫واﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮن‬
wd{ @# ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
b"t x'g' #) ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
O:nfd / cf:yf $^ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة‬
O:nfddf pkf;gfsf lgoldt sd{x?
%#
‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‬
s'/cfg / ;'Ggtdf j}1flgs
rdTsf/x? %(
‫واﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﺁن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺰات‬
d'l:nd s;/L aGg] < ^@ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬

73. ~ 72 ~
‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬:
‫ﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﺪم‬ ‫أﻗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻄﻴ‬"‫ﻼم‬ ‫هﻮاﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬"‫اﻷخ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﺬي‬ ‫واﻟ‬
‫ﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬/‫واﻹ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﻮة‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮآ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﻮﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻄﺮﻷﺟ‬ ‫ﺎد‬ ‫رﺷ‬
‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺮاء‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜﺘﺒ‬‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻨﻴﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬.
ً‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﻗ‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠ‬،‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫إﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺰا‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﻪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻴﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺎﺟﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺸ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﺎد‬ ‫واﻹرﺷ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﻮة‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮآ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﻧﺤ‬،
‫و‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎد‬ ‫أﺷ‬ ‫ﺬي‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻴﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﺎة‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴ‬‫؛‬‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺮﺟ‬
‫وأن‬ ‫ﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺎب‬ ‫آﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﻨ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﻜ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬.
ً‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻨ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫ﻴﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻴ‬ ‫وأن‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫هﺬا‬ ‫ﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎهﻢ‬.
‫أﺟﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫وﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﻰ‬.
‫آﺘﺒﻪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاز‬‫ﷲ‬‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪي‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬‫اﻟﺪوﺣﺔ‬
١٤/٨/١٤٣٣‫ه‬‫ـ‬