This document provides guidelines for basic life support (BLS) for healthcare workers. It describes the key components of BLS, including airway, breathing, circulation, use of an automated external defibrillator, and managing choking. The chain of survival is outlined as early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and post-resuscitation care. Guidelines are provided for performing chest compressions, rescue breathing, and defibrillation for adults, children, and infants. Defibrillators are described as devices that can terminate ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia to restore an effective heart rhythm.

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
( BLS )
FOR HEALTHCARE WORKER
NCORT BLS Subcommittee 2015!

2. 1. Objectives
2. Introduction
3. Anatomy and physiology of cardiopulmonary
system
4. Overview of Basic Life Support (BLS)
5. Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
6. Summary
CONTENTS

3. 1. Describe the links in the chain of
survival
2. Understand relevant anatomy and
physiology of cardiopulmonary
system
3. Describe, understand and perform
BLS
Objectives

4. • Basic life support (BLS) includes:
1. airway,
2. breathing
3. circulation
4. automated external defibrillator (AED)
5. management of choking or foreign body
airway obstruction (FBAO).
Introduction!

5. Early access! Early CPR! Early Defibrillation!
Early ALS and Post
Resuscitation Care !
Adapted from ERC Guideline 2015!
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

6. • Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in
which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops
beating.
• If this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain
and other vital organs.
• SCA causes death if it's not treated within
minutes.
SUDDEN CARDIAC ARRREST!
Sudden Cardiac Arrest!

7. • Signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest:
1. Unresponsiveness
2. No breathing
3. Abnormal breathing/ agonal breathing
4. Seizure
SUDDEN CARDIAC ARRREST!
Sudden cardiac arrest!

8. 10%
Every 1 minute goes
(after cardiac arrest)……
Sudden cardiac arrest!

9. The main components of the heart are :
1.Heart muscles - contract to pump
blood
2.Heart chambers - collect and channel
blood flow
3.Heart valves - allows only one way flow
of blood
4.Conduction system - coordinate heart
muscle contraction
5.Coronary blood vessels - supply blood
to the heart
Cardiac

10. Effective external chest compressions pushes blood out of heart
chambers thus maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs
Physiology of
Chest Compression

11. Room air -21% oxygen.
Rescue breathing -16% oxygen
Physiology of
Respiratory System

12. BLS Overview

15. AGE GROUP
Adult Children Infant
After the
onset of
puberty
1 year to
puberty
1 month to 12
months
TERMINOLOGY

17. The victim will
clutch the neck
with the thumb
& fingers and
attempt to cough
out the foreign body !
The Universal !
Choking Sign!

18. SIGN MILD
OBSTRUCTION
SEVERE OBSTRUCTION
“Are you
choking”
“Yes” Unable to speak, may nod
head
Other signs Can speak, cough,
breathe
Cannot breathe / wheezy
breathing / silent attempts
to cough /
unconsciousness
Choking!

19. Adult FBAO Algorithm

20. PAEDIATRIC FBAO Algorithm

21. • Defibrillators are machines that are
capable of delivering DC shock to a
patient in cardiac arrest for the purpose
of terminating VF and pulseless VT.
• AED are machines that automatically
read and interpret a victim heart’s
rhythm and determine whether or not
that victim is in need of defibrillation
Defibrillators

22. AED
Automated External
Defibrillator

23. Manual defibrillator with
AED function
Defibrillator

24. Chances of
survival if cardiac
arrest occur &
CPR applied
3 – 5%
Chances of survival
with defibrillation
30 -70 %
Defibrillators

25. Summary

26. Component Recommendation
Adult Children Infants
Recognition Unresponsive
CPR sequence DRSABCD! DRSABCD! DRSABCD!
Compression rate 100-120
compression per
minute !
100-120 compression
per minute !
100-120 compression
per minute !
Compression Depth 5cm but not more
than 6cm !
at least 1/3 the depth
of the chest or 5 cm
at least 1/3 the depth of
the chest or 4 cm
Chest Wall recoil Allow complete recoil after each compression!
Compression
intruption
Minimised interruption in chest compression and limit interruption
less than 10 seconds!
Compression-
ventilation ratio
30:2
One HCW CPR - 15:2 !
!
2 Two HCW CPR 15:2
One HCW CPR - 15:2 !
!
2 Two HCW CPR - 15:2
Ventilation with
advanced airway
1 breath every 6-8 seconds
Defibrillation Use AED as soon as available

27. THANK YOU
References
• National Committee on Resuscitation Training Guidelines
2011!
• 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science
with Treatment Recommendations, International Liaison
Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). !
• European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines for
Resuscitation 2015 !
• 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines Update
for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care !

28. THANK YOU
1. Dr Mohd Lotfi Bin Hamzah
2. Dr Luah Lean Wah
3. Dr Abdul Kursi Bin Abdul Latif
4. Dr Mohd Shukrudeen Bin Mohd Salleh
5. Dr Mohd Amin Bin Mohidin
6. Dr Khor Cheng Hoon
7. Dr Cheah Pike Kuan
NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION!
SUBCOMMITTEE FOR BASIC LIFE SUPPORT 2015!