This document outlines the protocols for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) in emergency situations, including recognizing cardiac arrest and administering CPR, defibrillation, and medication management. It details reversible causes of cardiac arrest, techniques for airway management, and the importance of post-resuscitation care to address brain and cardiac dysfunctions. The document emphasizes the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and various life-support measures to improve survival rates in cardiac emergencies.

1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ( BLS)
ADVANCE LIFE SUPPORT ( ALS)
Dr. Adenwali Hassan Ahmed:
(Mwn, Medical Doctor, Public Health Officer,
Msc-Gyn/Obest.

2. Recognize cardiac arrest:
 Assess
 Un responsive
 No breathing (a gonal breathing )
 Pulsless (tachycardia, bradycardia)

4. Reversible Causes of
Cardiac Arrest
Dr. Adanwali
 4 TS
 Thromboembolism
 Tension pneumothrax
 Tamponade
 Toxicity drugs: ( beta
blockers, ca channel
blockers, Dogoxin
 4 HS
 Hypoxia
 Hypovolemia
 Hypo/Hyperkalemia
 Hypothermia

5.  Basic Life Support
 Advance Life Support
 Post resuscitation care
Management:

6.  Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical
care which is used for patients with life-
threatening illnesses or injuries until they can
be given full medical care by advanced life
support providers (paramedics, nurses,
physicians).
◦ It can be provided by trained medical personnel,
such as emergency medical technicians and by
qualified bystanders.
Basic life support

7.  ALS providers perform invasive procedures and
administer a wide array of medications.
 An ALS unit is equipped with advanced airway
equipment, a cardiac monitor/defibrillator, IV
fluids, medications and more.
Advance Life Support

8.  Post-resuscitation care involves the care of
post-arrest brain and cardiac dysfunctions and
the ensuing systemic ischemia or reperfusion
response.
 This is an essential component in the
management of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
because anoxic brain injury is a significant
cause of morbidity and mortality in these
patients.
Post resuscitation care
Anoxic: severe deficiency of oxygen in
tissues or organs

9.  Post-resuscitation care is meant to optimize
ventilation and circulation, preserve
organ/tissue function and maintain
recommended blood glucose levels.
 Below find a systematic approach followed by a
post-resuscitation care algorithm (set of rules)
to guide you in your treatment.:
Cont---

11. CPR Started out side the hospital:
Cont---

16. Cont---

19. AIRWAY:
 Maintain the airway patent and remove any
obstruction.
Technique:
1- Head tilt- chin lift
2- jaw thrust

22. HOW TO ASSESS PULSE :

23. Cont---
30 compression (push hard & fast) followed by
2 rescue breath

28. Cont---
 Pulse normal  Rescue Breath
 Breathing normal  chest compression

29. Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

30. Cont---
How to know the rhythm:

31. An AED, or automated external defibrillator, is used to help those
experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. It's a sophisticated, yet easy-to-use,
medical device that can analyze the heart's rhythm and, if necessary,
deliver an electrical shock, or defibrillation, to help the heart re-establish
an effective rhythm

32.  Using an AED within 5-8 minutes of a cardiac emergency
can significantly increase survival rates
 This is because the electric shock from an AED can help
restore a normal heart rhythm, which can help prevent
further damage to the heart and other organs

34. In the hospital:

35. Recognize cardiac arrest :
 Assess
 Un responsive
 No breathing (agonal breathing )
 Pulsless (bradycardia/ tachycardia)
Agonal breathing is when someone who
is not getting enough oxygen is gasping
for air.

37.  Circulation by cardiac compression.
 Air management by equipment.
 Breathing by advanced technique.
 Defibrillatoration by manual defibrillator.
 Drugs
Aim to maintain:

38. ASSESS: ABC

40. A. Airway:
 1- Oropharyngeal airway
2- Nasopharyngeal airway
3- Endotracheal intubation
 If difficult to maintain airway patent with above
technique because of trauma or edema 
Cricothyrotomy.
(also called cricothyroidotomy)

42. LMA

51. Circulation:
 Consist of 2 basic component:
~ Oxygen caring capacity  Hb
~ Contractility  heart pump

53. DEFIBRILLATOR:
 An electronic device that administers an
electric shock of preset voltage to the heart
through the chest wall in an attempt to
restore the normal rhythm of the heart
during ventricular fibrillation
Using an AED within 5-8 minutes of a
cardiac emergency can
significantly increase survival rates. This
is because the electric shock from an
AED can help restore a normal heart
rhythm, which can help prevent further
damage to the heart and other organs

54.  PARTS:
1- Pedals contain batons
2- Wires connected to the pt.
3- Screen

57. DEFINITION:
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an
emergency procedure that combines chest
compressions often with artificial ventilation in
an effort to manually preserve intact brain
function until further measures are taken to
restore spontaneous blood circulation and
breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.

59.   30 compression (push hard & fast)
followed by 2 ventilation ( one cycle ) for
2 minutes ( 5 cycle )
{ Don’t interrupt CPR unless you complete
2 min. }

62. Cont---

 30 compression followed by 2
ventilation ( one cycle ) for 2 minutes ( 5
cycle )
{ Don’t interrupt CPR unless you complete 2
min. }

63. Stop for 10 sec. to assess :
1/ Carotid pulse :
2/ Monitor: compatible with pulse .
RESULT :
A) Shokable rhythm: shock
B) Non shockable rhythm: continue CPR
 Shockable Rhythms V-Tach is an abnormal heart rhythm marked by an
uncharacteristically fast heartbeat. Instead of beating 60-100 times per minute, a
heart in Ventricular Tachycardia usually beats over 100 times or more per minute.
 VT is caused by irregular electrical impulses within the heart's lower chambers
VT: Ventricular tachycardia

64. WHAT IS THE RUNING RHYTHM
 Running rhythm is the control of your movements.
 In other words to make them consistent and in
conjunction with all parts of the body.
 Most importantly, as running rhythm is also
associated with the respiratory system, it also includes
a breathing pattern.

65. Pulseless electrical activity
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation

66.  Shockable Rhythm: Pulseless V-tachycardia is
a poorly perfusing rhythm and patients may
present with or without a pulse.
 Most patients with this rhythm are pulseless
and unconscious and defibrillation is necessary
to reset the heart so that the primary
pacemaker (usually the SA node) can take over
Cont---

67.  Asystole is when there's no electricity or
movement in your heart. That means you don't
have a heartbeat.
 It's also known as flatline. That's because
doctors check the rhythm of your heart with a
machine called an electrocardiogram -- also
called an ECG
Cont---

69.  Ventricular fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia,
or irregular heartbeat, that affects your heart's
ventricles.
 Ventricular fibrillation is life-threatening and
requires immediate medical attention.
 CPR and defibrillation can restore your heart to
its normal rhythm and may be life saving
Cont---

73.  Indication:
 Ventricular arrhythmia: VF/un stable VT
 Atrial arrhythmia: AF (Atrial fibrillation )
 Dose:300 mg IV, further 150mg may be given,
followed by 900 mg for 24 hours.
Amiodarone:
 Amiodarone: An antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Cordarone)
that has potentially fatal side effects and is used to control serious
heart rhythm problems only when safer agents have been
ineffective

75. AFTER SHOCK CPR
DON’T ASSESS AFTER SHOCK
ASSESSMENT AFTER CPR

76. NON SHOCKABLE
RHYTHM:

77. Pulseless electrical activity

80. During& after CPR check for (10 ): H
& T
 Hypoxia
 Hypothermia
 Hypoglycemia
 Hypovolemia
 Hypokalemia
 Hypocalcemia
 H+ Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombosis (MI / PE )
Toxin

82. CONTRAINDICATION:
DNR
do-not-resuscitate
A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order is a
legal document that means a person has
decided not to have cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) attempted on them if
their heart or breathing stops