1. The document discusses natural hazards, specifically focusing on tsunamis - their causes, characteristics, warning systems, and potential risk reduction measures. 2. Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides under the sea. They differ from ordinary waves by traveling much faster in deep waters. 3. International and regional warning systems use seismic data to detect tsunamis and issue warnings to communities, with regional systems providing alerts within 15 minutes.

1. DEPARTMANT OF EDUCATION
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
M.Ed 3rd
Semester Presentation
NATURAL HAZARDS AND ITS MANAGEMENT:- TSUNAMI
Presented by:
ANSARUL HAQUE
BAKHTYAR GHAZI
AMJAD KAMAL
ABUL HASAN

2. Hazard may be define as ‘a dangerous condition or event that threat or
have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or
the environment’
It can be classify into two groups these are –
NATURAL HAZARD- All the hazard related to geological,
meteorological and biological i.e. causes of natural phenomenon e.g.
cyclone, flood, tsunami, volcanic eruption etc.
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES- Due to human negligence. It
associated with industrial, energy generation facilities e.g. explosion,
pollution, dam failure, wars, civil strife etc.
HAZARD

3. TSUNAMI
Tsunami is a example of natural hazard. Tsunami is Japanese word
meaning thereby Harbour waves. These waves which often affect
distant shore originated by rapid displacement of water from the lake
or the sea either by seismic activity, volcanic eruption, land slides or
large meteoroid impacts.
CAUSES OF TSUNAMI
There have major few causes of tsunami like that 1)Earthquakes,
2)Volcanic eruption, 3) Land slide,
EARTHQUAKES- Tsunami are caused by sudden movement of the
earth that happened under
the sea. These usually occur
generally convergent plate
boundaries or zone. When
two plates are collapse to
each other.

4. VOLCANIC ERUPTION:- Volcanic eruption as a causes of
Tsunami when it is erupted on the land or submarine volcano. If the
volcanic eruption happens on land, the tsunami is caused by debris
and lava from the volcano flowing into the sea, which once again
causes a bug ripple.
If the eruption happens under water, the enormous power of the
eruption sends shudders through the earth and disrupts the water. The
water in the sea then breaks into waves
which travel across the ocean until
they come into contact with a coast.
LANDSLIDES:- Landslides causes
tsunamis when the debris falls into the water. This has the same effect
of dropping a large stone into a pool - big ripples are created..

5. But when this happens in the sea and it is thousands of
tonnes of rock and earth falling into the sea a very large
ripple, more like a tidal wave is created. This travels across
the sea until it comes into contact
with land and a tsunami is formed.

6. Characteristics of Tsunami
 Tsunami differs from ordinary ocean waves, which are
produced by wind blowing over water. The tsunamis
travel much faster than ordinary waves.
 Compared to normal wave speed of 100 kilometers per
hour, tsunami in the deep water of the ocean may travel
the speed of a jet airplane - 800 kilometers per hour!
 And yet, in spite of their speed, tsunami increases the
water height only 30-45cm and often passes unnoticed by
ships at sea.
 Contrary to the popular belief, the tsunami is not a single
giant wave. It is possible for a tsunami to consist of ten or
more waves which is then termed as 'tsunami wave train'.
 The waves follow each other 5 to 90 minutes apart.
Tsunami normally causes flooding as a huge wall of
water enters the main land.

7. Tsunami Warning System
 a) International Tsunami Warning Systems:
Shortly after the Hilo Tsunami (1946), the Pacific Tsunami Warning
System (PTWS) was developed with its operational center at the Pacific
Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) near Honolulu, Hawaii.
 The PTWC is able to alert countries several hours before the tsunami
strikes.
 The warning includes predicted arrival time at selected coastal
communities where the tsunami could travel in few hours. A tsunami
watch is issued with subsequent arrival time to other geographic areas.
 b) Regional Warning Systems:
Usually use seismic data about nearby earthquakes to determine if there is
a possible local threat of a tsunami.
 Such systems are capable enough to provide warnings to the general
public in less than 15 minutes.

8. Tsunami Warning System
Tsunami Warning System
• a) International Tsunami Warning
Systems: Shortly after the Hilo
Tsunami (1946), the Pacific Tsunami
Warning System (PTWS) was
developed with its operational
center at the Pacific Tsunami
Warning Center (PTWC) near
Honolulu, Hawaii.
• The PTWC is able to alert countries
several hours before the tsunami
strikes.
• The warning includes predicted
arrival time at selected coastal
communities where the tsunami
could travel in few hours. A tsunami
watch is issued with subsequent
arrival time to other geographic
areas.
• b) Regional Warning Systems:
usually use seismic data about
nearby earthquakes to determine if
there is a possible local threat of a
tsunami.
• Such systems are capable enough
to provide warnings to the general
public in less than 15 minutes.
Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning
to Localitie & Civil Defense Authorities
Signboard
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
Central Government
ＴＶ /Radio Station
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
Radio
TV （ Telops, Warning maps ）
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩ
ＮＧ
Local
government
13

9. Predictability
 Tsunamis have occurred in all the oceans
and in the Mediterranean Sea, but the great
majority of them have occurred in the
Pacific Ocean.
 Since scientists cannot exactly predict
earthquakes, they also cannot exactly
predict when a tsunami will be generated.

10.  When warning is issued – low lying areas are evacuated
 U.S. Coast guard issues warnings over marine frequencies
 Some places have sirens
Tsunami Warning system

11. 1. International tsunami warning system:
 Tsunami warnings for most of the Pacific Ocean are issued by the Pacific
Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), operated by the United States
NOAA in Ewa Beach, Hawaii.
 NOAA's National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) in Palmer,
Alaska issues warnings for the west coast of North America, including Alaska,
British Columbia, Oregon and California.
Types of tsunami warning

12.  Regional (or local) warning system centres use seismic data about nearby
recent earthquakes to determine if there is a possible local threat of a
tsunami.
 Such systems are capable of issuing warnings to the general public (via
public address systems and sirens) in less than 15 minutes.
2. Regional warning system

13. POSSIBLE
RISK
REDUCTION
MEASURES:

14. 1. Develop standardized and coordinated tsunami hazard and risk
assessments for all coastal regions of the country and its territories.
2. Improve tsunami and seismic sensor data and infrastructure for
better tsunami detection and warning.
3. Enhance tsunami forecast and warning capability along our
coastlines (Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico) by
increasing the number of Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of
Tsunamis (DART) buoys, tide gauges, and seismic sensors feeding
real-time data into on-line forecast models.

15. 4. Ensure interoperability between Local, National system and other
regional tsunami warning systems.
5. Provide technical expertise and assistance, as appropriate, to
facilitate development of international tsunami and all-hazard
warning systems, including for the Indian Ocean.
6. Encourage data exchange and interoperability among all regional
tsunami and all-hazard warning systems, such as The
Intergovernmental Oceanographic sub-commission for the

16. 7. construction, critical facilities protection and land-use
planning practices to reduce the impact of future
tsunamis.
8. Increase outreach to all communities, including all
demographics of the at-risk population, to raise
awareness, improve preparedness, and encourage the
development of tsunami response.
9. Conduct an annual review of the status of tsunami
research and develop a strategic plan for tsunami research.
http://www.sdr.gov/docs/Tsunami%20Risk%20Reduction%20for%20the%20US%20-%20A%20Framework%20for%20Action%202005-

17. SAFTEY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TSUNAMI

18. POSSIBLE RISK
REDUCTION
MEASURES
SITE
SELECTION
CONSTRUCT
THE
STRUCTURE
CONSTRUCTIO
NOFWATER
BREAKER
CORROSION
RESISTANT
MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION
OFCOMMUNITY
HALLATHIGHER
LOCATION
ELEVATECOASTALHOMES

19. SITE SELECTION
CONSTRUCT THE STRUCTURE
ON A HIGH LEVEL

20. ELEVATE COASTAL HOMES WATER BREAKERS

21. CORROSION
RESISTANT MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY HALL

22. WORLD TSUNAMI DAY

23. TSUNAMI DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
AND RISK REDUCTION