The document provides information about diabetes, including what it is, the different types of diabetes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention. It explains that diabetes is caused by the body's inability to properly use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes results from the body failing to produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly use insulin. Risk factors, symptoms, blood tests, treatment goals and management strategies are outlined. The importance of diet, exercise, medication and monitoring are emphasized.

2. What is Diabetes?
When you eat, your body
breaks food down into
glucose. Glucose is a
type of sugar that is
your body s
main source
of energy.
1

3. What is Diabetes?
2
As blood glucose
rises, the body
sends a signal to
the pancreas, which
releases insulin.

4. What is Diabetes?
3
Acting as a key, insulin
binds to a place on the
cell wall, unlocking the
cell so glucose can
pass into it. There,
most of the glucose is
used for energy right
away.

5. What is Diabetes?
4
Blood glucose
goes up and down
throughout the
day:
§ As your blood
glucose rises
(after a meal), the
pancreas releases
insulin.

6. What is Diabetes?
5
Your cells don t use insulin
properly. The insulin can t
fully unlock the cells to
allow glucose to enter
(insulin resistance). Insulin
is either not being made
adequately or not used
adequately
Your pancreas may not
produce enough insulin
(insulin deficiency).
TYPEIDIABETES
TYPEIIDIABETES

7. 10% of Canadians
Runs in families, other risk
factors unclear
Unpredictable or preventable
Diagnosis in children or teens
Insulin injection is essential
Type I
90% of Canadians
Runs in families, but there are
other known risk factors*
Diagnosis often over 40
Insulin is an option but not
essential. Disease also managed
with diet and exercise
Type II
6

8. Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes…
7
§ Overweight (abdominal obesity)
§ 45 years or older
§ Physically inactive
§ Have a parent or sibling with type 2
diabetes.
§ African or Native or Hispanic
American, or Pacific Islander
§ Abnormal cholesterol levels
§ Have had diabetes during pregnancy,
or given birth to a baby >9 lbs
§ High blood pressure

9. Classic Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Hunger
Urinating in the middle of the night
Feeling of thirst
Frequent urination
Weight loss
8

10. Diagnosing Diabetes
Random
blood
sugar
• ≥ 11.1mmol/L
• Plus classic
Symptoms
Fasting
blood
sugar
• ≥ 7 mmol/L
• No calorie
intake for 8
hours
2-hours
after 75g
sugar
load
• ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
9

11. Diagnosing Diabetes
10
Less than 5.55 mmol/Lnormal
5.55 to 6.99 mmol/Lpre-diabetes
7 mmol/L or greaterdiabetes
Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results
Normal
Pre-
diabetes*
Diabetes

12. Blood Sugar Targets for
Type I and II Diabetics
11
Pre-meal or fasting:
4-7 mmol/L
2 hours post-meal:
5-10mmol/L
(5-8mmol/L if A1C not met)
A1c:
≤7%

13. ABC’s of Diabetes Management
12
A1c
Cholesterol
Blood
Pressure

14. HbA1c: the blood test with a memory
Hemoglobin is a protein that makes
your red blood cells red-colored.
When hemoglobin picks up glucose
from your bloodstream, it becomes
‘glycosylated’ (known as HbA1c).
The HbA1c test measures % HbA1c
in your blood—a number that
corresponds to your average blood
glucose for the previous 6 months
A1C is a measurement of your average blood glucose
control for the last 2 – 3 months and approximately 50%
of the value comes from the last 30 days.
13

15. HbA1c and Blood Levels
14

16. Blood Pressure
• The force of your blood against
the blood vessel walls
• Recommended target for
diabetics is ≤130/80 mm Hg
Top number =
pressure when your heart contracts and pushes blood out (systolic).
Bottom number=
pressure when the heart relaxes between beats (diastolic).
High blood pressure means your heart is working too hard. High blood
pressure can lead to Heart Attack, Stroke, and Kidney Disease
14

17. • Cholesterol: a fat substance naturally present in your blood and
cells. Two main types of cholesterol: LDL and HDL.
• Triglyceride: a form of fat that the body makes from sugar, alcohol or
other food sources
Diabetes and Cholesterol
1. High triglycerides
2. Low HDL ( good ) Cholesterol
3. High LDL ( bad ) cholesterol
15
Diabetics have:
LDL (low-density lipoprotein): “bad” cholesterol; increases risk of CV events
HDL (high-density lipoprotein): “good” cholesterol; reduces risk of CV events

18. What’s the
deal about
SUGAR
levels???????

19. 16

20. Diabetes Can Lead to Nerve and Small
Blood Vessel Damage
17

22. Pre-Diabetes and prevention
Pre-diabetics can delay/ prevent the
development of type 2 diabetes by
making changes in diet & increasing
level of physical activity.
It is currently
estimated that
6 million Canadians
have pre-diabetes!
18

23. Recommendations by CDA
• Canadian Diabetes Association:
Your goal should be to complete at least
150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-
intensity aerobic exercise each week,
(e.g. 30 minutes, 5 days a week).
19

24. Benefits of Physical Activity
20
Lose Weight/
maintain body
weight
Lower Risk of
Heart Disease
Reduce Risk of
Cardiovascular
disease
Blood sugar
control
Gain Energy
Improve
Well-being
Improve
Overall
Health

25. Can’t Exercise?
21
• Pools
• Exercise balls or
exercise bands
• Stationary bikes
• Exercise videos
• Yoga
• Local Recreation
Centers or school facilities
• Walk to grocery store/work

26. Recommendations by CDA
• Canadian Diabetes Association:
Make positive lifestyle changes, including healthy
eating (according to Canada’s Food Guide)
REDUCE the amount of sugar, fat and sodium in
your recipes by one-third to one-half
ELIMINATE ingredients that add unnecessary
sugar, fat or sodium
22

27. Canadian Diabetes Association
23

29. Managing Your Diabetes
Step 1: Learn about diabetes.
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs.
Step 3: Manage your diabetes.
Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems
24

30. Diabetes Self-Management
25
Monitoring
blood glucose
Taking
medication
Following a
meal plan
Getting
regular
exercise

31. Take Steps to Reduce Risk Factors for
Heart Disease
26
If you smoke, quit. Call the Smoker’s Help Line toll-free
support line: 1-866-366-3667, and visit
quitsmoking.shoppersdrugmart.ca to get started

32. Managing Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
² Vegetables and fruits (fresh or frozen without added
salt)
² Low-fat (1% or skim) dairy products
² Whole grains (whole wheat breads, cereal, pasta and
brown rice, etc)
² Lean meats and poultry without added salt
² Limit processed foods and take-out
² Unsalted or ‘no added salt’ items (e.g. crackers, nuts)
² Avoid using salt at the table and in cooking
Sodium intake should be no more than 1,500 to 2,300 mg per
day. One teaspoon of salt has 2,300 mg of sodium
27

33. Managing Sugar Levels
• Stick to small portions of sugary foods
• Consume natural sources of sweets (i.e. fruits)
• To keep blood sugar from spiking, avoid sweet treats
à chew on sugarless gum/candy for cravings!
• Drink lots of water (replace soda’s)
• When you reach a healthy weight, which will be easier
to reach blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar
goals
28

34. REGULAR BLOOD MONITORING!
• Self-monitoring is essential
• Especially important for patients treated
with insulin
• A minimum of 3 blood sugar readings
per day should be performed*
29

35. LOW BLOOD SUGAR: EMERGENCY!
Medic Alert bracelet!!
Cold, sweaty skin
Difficulty concentrating
dizziness
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Shakiness,
Lack of coordination
Irritability
nervousness
Fainting, unconsciousness
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36. Getting regular medical care as a Diabetic
Once (repeat at age 65)Pneumococcal vaccine
1 time/yearFlu shot
1 time/yearUrine microalbumin/
creatinine ratio
2 times/yearDental exam
At least 1 time/yearFoot exam
1 time/yearDilated eye exam
At least every other yearCholesterol
At least 2 times/yearBlood pressure
2-4 times/yearHbA1c
31

38. LB Cinnamon
• Cinnamon 3000MG
• 60 capsules
• Promotes healthy
glucose levels. No sugar, gluten,
lactose or preservatives.
32

39. LB Chromium
• Chromium - 500mcg
• 100 tablets
• Provides support for healthy
glucose metabolism. No sugar,
gluten, lactose or yeast.
33

40. LB No Calorie Sweetener with
Sucralose
• 100 x 1g
packets
• Suitable for
calorie reduced
diets
34

41. LB Fit Management
Clearly Fibre
• Daily vitamin and dietary fibre
supplement.
• Helps the body metabolize fats,
carbohydrates and proteins.
• No sugar added. No fillers, artificial
sweeteners or colors.
35

42. 2 types of Fibre
Soluble Fibre Insoluble Fibre
present in oat bran, oatmeal, legumes
(dried beans and lentils) and
fruits such as apples and strawberries
Reduces cholesterol and manages
sugar levels
present in wheat bran, whole grain
breads and cereals, fruits and
vegetables.
Helps to prevent constipation and
some cancers
controls blood glucose increases the feeling of being full
manages blood pressure regulates bowel movement
reduces blood cholesterol controls weight
36

43. LB Vitamin A
• 250 capsules
• helps to maintain eyesight,
skin, membranes and immune
function.
• No lactose, sugar, gluten or
preservatives.
37

44. LB Healthy Eyes
Formula
38
• 60 coated tablets
• For adults over 50
• Helps to maintain eyesight, skin,
membranes and immune function.
• Helps in development and
maintenance of night vision.

45. FOR MORE INFORMATION
Online Diabetes Information Hubs:
diabetes.ca | 1-800 BANTING
shoppersdrugmart.ca/diabetes
healthcanada.ca
Blood Pressure:
Hypertension.ca
Smoker’s Help Line toll-free support line:
1-866-366-3667
quitsmoking.shoppersdrugmart.ca
*Health Link BC at 8-1-1 *

46. Calculate my
Diabetes Risk Score J