Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition where the body cannot properly control blood glucose levels. It develops when the body does not produce enough insulin or does not respond to insulin. Around 2.6 million people in the UK have diabetes, with around 90% having type 2 diabetes which usually affects those over 40 but can develop at any age. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as oral medications and possibly insulin injections to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications.
Diabetes Patient Presentation Dr Vivek BaligaDr Vivek Baliga
This presentation on diabetes is meant to inform patients about diabetes and what it is all about. Presentation by Dr Vivek Baliga, Internal Medicine Consultant.
The most common diabetes symptoms include frequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, unusual weight loss, fatigue, cuts and bruises that do not heal, male sexual dysfunction, numbness and tingling in hands and feet.
Diabetes Patient Presentation Dr Vivek BaligaDr Vivek Baliga
This presentation on diabetes is meant to inform patients about diabetes and what it is all about. Presentation by Dr Vivek Baliga, Internal Medicine Consultant.
The most common diabetes symptoms include frequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, unusual weight loss, fatigue, cuts and bruises that do not heal, male sexual dysfunction, numbness and tingling in hands and feet.
Educational Grand Rounds: Diabetes and Lifestyle ModificationS'eclairer
Dr. Zahida Chaudhary presents a slide deck on Diabetes along with James Ellermeyer as they discuss what our society is doing to contribute to the problem and what we can do to change it in our own lives on a case by case basis.
Understanding Diabetes is a Power-point presentation that explains what is diabetes, pre-diabetes and ways by which we can effectively manage it. The aim of the presentation is to create awareness about diabetes and its effective management.
Symptoms of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Prevention TipsInovaHealth
Learn about pre-diabetes and how asses your risk and tips on preventing diabetes from Inova Medical Group physicians.
Learn more about Inova Medical Group at www.inovamedicalgroup.org.
Educational Grand Rounds: Diabetes and Lifestyle ModificationS'eclairer
Dr. Zahida Chaudhary presents a slide deck on Diabetes along with James Ellermeyer as they discuss what our society is doing to contribute to the problem and what we can do to change it in our own lives on a case by case basis.
Understanding Diabetes is a Power-point presentation that explains what is diabetes, pre-diabetes and ways by which we can effectively manage it. The aim of the presentation is to create awareness about diabetes and its effective management.
Symptoms of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Prevention TipsInovaHealth
Learn about pre-diabetes and how asses your risk and tips on preventing diabetes from Inova Medical Group physicians.
Learn more about Inova Medical Group at www.inovamedicalgroup.org.
Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone. When your body turns the food you eat into energy (also called sugar or glucose), insulin is released to help transport this energy to the cells.
You can learn how to take care of your diabetes and prevent some of the serious problems diabetes can cause. The more you know, the better you can manage your diabetes.
Share this booklet with your family and friends so they will understand more about diabetes. Also make sure to ask your health care team any questions you might have.
New studies and videos on Diabetes type two. With promising new studies and information everyone should read! This one video here even lays out how to control your type 2 without medication. Well worth checking out.
Take action now. Learn these warning signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and effective ways to deal with them. Hyperglycemia or simply high blood sugar is a common problem in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. While a temporary increase in blood sugar may not cause any significant health problem, long-term elevation surely does many damages to your brain, kidneys, and arteries.
2. 4 8 21 you need to know about diabet_everything es.krishu80
Diabetes types
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.
Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.
There are a few different types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.
A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It’s a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.
Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments. Learn more about how these types differ from one another.
Symptoms of diabetes
Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar.
General symptoms
The general symptoms of diabetes include:
increased hunger
increased thirst
weight loss
frequent urination
blurry vision
extreme fatigue
sores that don’t heal
Symptoms in men
In addition to the general symptoms of diabetes, men with diabetes may have a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction (ED), and poor muscle strength.
Symptoms in women
Women with diabetes can also have symptoms such as urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and dry, itchy skin.
Type 1 diabetes
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include:
extreme hunger
increase
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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2. What Are Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition in
which the body can’t control levels of glucose
in the blood. It develops when the body can’t
make enough insulin or doesn't respond to it.
Type 2 diabetes is sometimes called non-
insulin dependent diabetes.
3. About type 2 diabetes
Around 2.6 million people in the UK have been diagnosed with diabetes. About
nine in 10 of these people have type 2 diabetes. It usually affects people over the
age of 40, but can develop at any age. People of African-Caribbean or South Asian
origin are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. It usually affects them earlier in
life, from about the age of 25. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common,
particularly in children.
Type 2 diabetes develops when your body can’t produce enough insulin or if your
body doesn’t respond to insulin as it should. Insulin regulates the level of glucose
in your blood. Glucose is a simple form of sugar found in foods and sugary drinks.
It’s absorbed by your body as a natural part of digestion and is carried around your
body in your blood. When glucose reaches your body tissues, such as muscle cells,
it's absorbed and converted into energy.
Insulin is secreted into your blood by your pancreas, which is a gland located
behind your stomach. If your cells don't respond properly to insulin, it can cause
glucose to build up in your blood. This is called insulin resistance. If this happens,
your pancreas needs to produce more and more insulin to overcome the resistance
and control your blood glucose levels.
4.
5. Types of diabetes
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1
and type 2.
There are about two million people in the UK
who have diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the
common form, affecting nine out of every 10
people with diabetes.
6. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes
Many people with type 2 diabetes have no obvious symptoms. It's often discovered
during a routine medical check-up with your GP.
If you do have symptoms of type 2 diabetes, you may:
pass more urine than usual
be constantly thirsty
have unexplained weight loss
be extremely tired
have blurred vision
have itchy skin around your genitals or get regular infections, such as thrush
notice that wounds such as cuts heal slowly
If you have any of these symptoms, see your GP.
Initially, some people find they don’t have any symptoms. So if you think you may
be at risk of type 2 diabetes, speak to your GP about having a screening blood test.
7. Complications of type 2 diabetes
If type 2 diabetes isn’t diagnosed or controlled properly, you can develop blood glucose levels that are either too high
(hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia).
Hyperglycaemia
If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled or you get an infection, glucose can build up in your blood and rise to high levels. This
can cause you to:
be thirsty
pass urine excessively
have blurred vision
feel tired
Very rarely, if you become dehydrated and your blood glucose rises to very high levels, you can develop a condition called
hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This can cause you to become drowsy and potentially unconscious. Hyperosmolar
hyperglycaemic state is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in hospital.
In the long-term, uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can increase your risk of:
kidney failure
blindness
nerve damage
heart disease
stroke
Hypoglycaemia
Sometimes, if your medication is too strong or you miss a meal, your blood glucose levels can become too low
(hypoglycaemia). This only happens if you’re taking certain medicines such as gliclazide (or others of the same type),
repaglinide or insulin (of any type).
If your blood glucose is low, you may go pale, feel sweaty and become confused. If you develop hypoglycaemia, it’s
important to eat or drink something containing glucose, for example fruit juice or some sweets.
8. Causes of type 2 diabetes
There are several risk factors that make you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes,
including if you:
are overweight or obese – in particular, if you’re an 'apple shape' with lots of fat
around your abdomen (tummy)
have a close family member with the condition
are of African-Caribbean or South-Asian origin
are over 40 – your risk increases with age
have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or stroke
don’t exercise regularly
have severe mental health problems
are a woman and have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweight
are a woman and have had diabetes that developed during pregnancy (gestational
diabetes)
If you have a condition such as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting
glycaemia, this means the level of glucose in your blood is naturally higher than
normal and you’re more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
9. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
Your GP will ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may
also ask about your medical history.
You may need to have some of the following tests.
Urine test. You will need to give a sample to be tested for glucose.
Fasting blood glucose test. You will have a sample of blood taken from
your arm to test for glucose. You will need to fast overnight before having
this test. You may have this with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C)
test. HbA1C is a protein that is produced when you have high blood
glucose levels over a long period of time.
Glucose tolerance test. This may be needed if your fasting blood glucose
test is borderline. It measures how your blood glucose level changes over
time after you have a sugary drink. You will need to fast overnight before
having this test.
10. Treatment of type 2 diabetes
There isn't a cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be controlled. Some people can
control their condition with lifestyle changes alone. Others need to take medicines
or use insulin injections.
Self-help
By making the following lifestyle changes, you can help control your blood
glucose levels.
Eat a healthy balanced diet with regular meals, three times a day. Include
carbohydrates, such as pasta or potatoes in each meal.
Aim to do 150 minutes of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or
more. This will help you to stay a healthy weight and control your blood glucose
levels.
Only drink alcohol in moderation and stick within the recommended limits.
If you smoke, give up. Smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but it's especially
important to stop if you have diabetes because you already have an increased risk
of developing circulatory problems and cardiovascular disease.
11. Oral medicines
If lifestyle changes alone don’t keep your blood glucose levels under
control, you may be prescribed medicines. Some examples are listed
below.
Metformin works by reducing the amount of glucose that gets released into
your bloodstream from your liver. It also improves the way glucose is used
by your muscles.
Gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride and tolbutamide help your pancreas to
produce more insulin.
Repaglinide and nateglinide also help your pancreas to produce more
insulin, but work more quickly and last for a shorter time.
Acarbose lowers your blood glucose by slowing down the rate at which
some carbohydrates are absorbed by your body.
Pioglitazone reduces your body's resistance to insulin.
Sitagliptin and vildagliptin help your body to produce more insulin at
mealtimes.
These medicines are usually taken between one and three times a day.
12. Injections
You may be prescribed other medicines such as exenatide or liraglutide.
These medicines are given by injection and work by helping your body to
make more insulin when it’s needed. They can also reduce your appetite
and help you lose weight.
If lifestyle changes and medicines can’t keep your blood glucose levels
under control, you may need to have insulin injections as well as, or
instead of, tablets.
You will usually inject yourself with insulin once or twice a day, using
either a small needle or a pen-type syringe with replaceable cartridges.
There are several different types of insulin that work at different rates and
for different lengths of time. Ask your GP for advice on which type is best
for you.
If you have insulin injections, you will need to monitor your blood glucose
levels with a home test kit. This involves taking a pinprick of blood from
your finger and putting a drop on a testing strip. A meter will read the
result automatically. Your GP or diabetes specialist nurse will show you
how to monitor your blood glucose levels and tell you how often you need
to check it.