This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech in narration. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the general meaning without quotation marks. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns and verbs change to reflect the new tense or person being reported, and connecting words are added. Questions and exclamations also change structure and punctuation in indirect speech.

2. NARRATION
 Process of giving an account of a sequence of events
 Written or Speech
 Account of real or imagined events; Narrative
 Reported Speech
 Information about thoughts of people
 Person who recounts events is called a narrator
 Two ways of narrating account: Direct Speech and
Indirect Speech

3. DIRECT SPEECH
 Exact Remarks
 Speech of narrator presented in exact
words and expression
 Say exactly what someone has said
 Punctuation, Quotation Marks
She said, ‘I will win.’

4. INDIRECT SPEECH
 Reported speech
 Speech presented without using exact words
of the narrator
 Exact meaning of the remark
 Tense changes; no quotation marks
Ram said, ‘ I am having lunch with my family.’
Ram said that he was having lunch with his
family.

5. DIRECT TO INDIRECT
 Reporting Verb changes
 Inverted Commas removed in indirect
speech
 Connective word is used in the beginning
of indirect speech
 Verb of reported speech changes
 Person and Helping Verb of reported
speech change

6. RULES
 I - She/ He
 Am - was
 Is – was
 My – Her/His
 This – that
 will – would
 Today – that day
 Yesterday - the day before

7. Questions in Indirect Speech
 Question Mark is omitted in indirect
speech
 Interrogative form of Verb changes to
Affirmative
 Tenses, Pronouns, Adverbs of time and
place change

8. EXAMPLES
He said, ‘Where is the station?’
He asked where the station was.
She said, ‘ What do you want?’
She asked (them) what they wanted.

9. EXCLAMATIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH
 Exclamation mark disappears
 Exclamations become statements
Example
He said, ‘What a terrible idea!’
He exclaimed that it was a terrible idea.

10. THANK YOU