The document provides information about narration and the two types of narration: direct speech and indirect speech. It defines narration as recounting events and identifies the narrator as the person who recounts. Direct speech expresses someone's words verbatim between quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the words in one's own words and normally changes verb tenses. The document lists rules for changing verb tenses between direct and indirect speech and provides examples to demonstrate these rules.

1. Name Shamshad Jamali
Roll No 22BS(IT)-40
Subject English
Topic Narration
Submitted To Sir Waseem Lakhmir
Date 26/5/2022

3. What is narration ?
• The act of narration the recounting of an
incident or set of events.
• The person who recounts the events is
called a narrator.
• The art of reporting the words of a
speaker is called Narration.

4. There Are Two Types of
Narration

5. Direct Speech
• when we express someone's words as it is, it is called –
“Direct Speech“.
• When we use direct speech, we place the words
spoken between the quotation marks (“ First-person”).
• Example:-
• Sana said, “I’m baking a chocolate cake for you.’’

6. Indirect Speech
• When we express someone's words in our own
words, it is called – “Indirect Speech”.
• Indirect speech or Reported speech is usually used to
talk about the past, so we normally change the tense
of the words spoken into.
• Example:-
• said that he was baking a chocolate cake for
me.

7. • The reporter provides information in the
sentence of Narration in the two parts.
• Reporting part
• Reported part.
• Example:-
• He said, ”I am going to school”.
Reporting Speech Reported Speech

8. Rules of change of Pronouns

9. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present simple
(Subject +V1st + Object)
Past simple
(Subject +V2 + Object)
Present continuous
(Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+ Object)
Past Continuous
(Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)
Present perfect
(Subject + has/have+V3+Object)
Past perfect
(Subject+had+V3+Object)
Past simple
(Subject+V2+Object)
Past perfect
(Subject+had+V3+Object)
Past Continuous
(Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)
Past perfect continuous
(Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object)
Future simple
(Subject+ will/shall+V1+object)
Present Conditional
(Subject+ would+V1+object)
Future Continuous
(Subject +will/shall+be+V1 +ing+ Object)
Conditional Continuous
(Subject +would+be+V1 +ing+ object
Changes In Tense

10. Direct and Indirect speech exercises
for Tense
• Check the Direct and Indirect speech examples for tense
using the above table. Changes will always be made
according to the given table only.
• Example:-
• Direct: She said, “I work in New York Times.”
Indirect: She said that she worked in New York Times.
• Direct: He asked, “Are they writing the paper?”
Indirect: He asked if they were writing the paper.
• Direct: Salman said, “You need to repair the car.”
Indirect: Salman said that I need to repair the car.

11. Any Question’s ?