nano

1. By
Arputha annie Sherwin

2. INTRODUCTION
• The term nanotechnology was first envisioned by the
distinguished physicist Richard Feynman in 1959 at the
California Institute of Technology
• Nanotechnology is the design,characterisation,production
and application of structures, devices and systems by
controlling shape and size at Nano meter scale.

3. Nano medicine
• The application of nanotechnology to the medical sector is known
as Nano medicine.
• The ultimate aim is to develop new materials and methods to
detect and treat diseases in a targeted, precise, effective and
lasting way, with the goal of making medical practice safer,
less intrusive and more personalized.
• Specifically, this area of application uses nanometer scale
materials and Nano-enabled techniques to diagnosis, monitor,
treat and prevent the diseases.

4.  Nowadays, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have a
wide spectrum of medical applications, including targeted
drug delivery, radio therapy and cancer treatment, nano-
biosensors.

5. Targeted (controlled) drug delivery
• It is used for cancer, tumors or other types of diseases
where the effect of drugs is optimized while toxic side
effects are reduced.
• A technique that employs nanoparticles to deliver drugs to
specific types of cells is currently under development, with
some applications already being used.
• This technique reduces damage to healthy cells in the
body and allows for earlier detection of the disease.

6. Add your answer / solution here
Hypothesis

7. Radio therapy and cancer treatment
• The nanotechnology could play an effective role in radiation
oncology. Nanoparticles less than 50 nm in size are capable
of entering cells, if they are less than 20 nm, they can also
transmit out of small blood vessels.
• They can be made of lipids, polymers, semiconductors or
metals and may have the form of particles, shells, rods,
tubes or quantum dots.
• Their Nano-scale allows them to preferentially penetrate and
be retained by biological cells and tissues.

8. Add your answer / solution here
Hypothesis

9. Semiconductor nanostructures called quantum dots

10.  Researchers recently developed different magnetic
nanomaterials for hyperthermia treatment which stands
as a painless treatment for cancer, and overcomes the
side effects of conventional mode of treatments.
Integration of bio-conjugated nanomaterials with different
analytical methods has opened a new path for bacterial
diagnostic research. This new trend of diagnostic may
provide a sensitive detection of various communicable
bacteria.

11.  A biosensor is an analytical device used for the detection of
an analyte, that combines a biological component with a
physiochemical detector.
When nanomaterials are used as components of biosensors,
their unique physicochemical properties offer new possibilities
for the improvement of the sensitivity performance .
The field of Nano-biosensing is quite promising, especially in
areas that could not be accomplished by conventional bulk
materials.

12.  The applications of biosensors range from food quality
assessment up to environmental monitoring and medical
applications and diagnostics
Medical applications of Nano-biosensors are versatile and
multifunctional

13. Nano Robots
• Nano Robotics is the technology of creating machines or robots close
to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10^−9 meters).
• Nano robotics refers to an engineering discipline for designing and
building Nano robots. These devices range from 0.1-10 micrometers
and are made up of Nano scale or molecular components.
• As no artificial, non-biological Nano robots have yet been created,
they remain a pretending concept.
• The names Nano robots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also
been used to describe these hypothetical devices.

15.  Nano robots can be used in different application areas such as
medicine and space technology.
Nowadays, these Nano robots play a crucial role in the field of Bio-
Medicine, particularly for the treatment of cancer, cerebral Aneurysm,
removal of kidney stones, elimination of defected parts in the DNA
structure, and for some other treatments that need utmost support to
save human lives.

16. Nano robots are Nano devices used for the purpose of
maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens.
Nano robots are implemented by using several components
such as sensors, actuators, control, power, communication and
by interfacing cross-special scales between organic inorganic
systems.

17. Disadvantages
Elements at these microscopic levels can exhibit
different properties than they do normally.
Furthermore, every nanoparticle is unique, and
sometimes the effects or two of the same
nanoparticles are not consistent.
 Thus, some nanoparticles might become dangerous
for humans.

18. Conclusion
• Nano technology is a promising field has a wide
range of applications in the field of medical sciences
in future.
• Though these technology shows a great sign of hope
in saving human life it’s in infant stage. It needs more
support and more awareness in order to develop
more significant areas in medicine.