This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, examples of nano-particles like carbon nanotubes and nanorods, and applications in various fields such as medicine, engineering, and electronics. It discusses how nanotechnology uses materials at the nanoscale to create new large-scale materials. Examples of medical applications include drug delivery, cancer treatment, and bone repair. Engineering applications include stronger materials for construction and more efficient solar cells. The document also notes some implications and safety issues that need consideration with further development of nanotechnology.

1.  
And its applications
MADE BY : Alaa Abdelmanam Ali Elnagar
Microbiology Department
LEVEL TWO

2.  Definitions .
 Introduction to nano-particles .
 CNT (carbon nanotubes) .
 Nanorobots .
 Nanorods .
 Application of nanotechnology .
▪ in medicine
▪ in engineering
▪ in electronics
▪ in fabrics
 Approaches of nanotechnology .
 Implications of nanotechnology .

3. ►Nanotechnology is the use of very small
pieces of material by themselves or their
manipulation to create new large scale
materials.
● A nanometer is a unit of length in
the metric system ,equal to one billionth
of meter (10-9 ) , 3 atom long .
● At the nano-scale material properties are
altered from that of larger scales.
● The nano-scale is the size range from
approximately 1nm to 100nm.

5. ►nano-particles:-
It is defined as a particle with at least
one dimension less than 200 nm.
Nano-particles made of
semiconducting material ( Ex- silicon).
►Nano-composites :-
It is produced by adding nano-
particles to bulk materials in order to
improve its bulk properties.

6. Sizes and shape of different
nanoparticles.
Materials used
■Zinc oxide :
▪Dirt repellent,
hydrophobic, cosmetics
And stain resistant.
■ Silver ion:
▪ Healing property
■Aluminum silicate
▪Scratch resistance
■Gold ion :
▪ Chip fabrication, drug
delivery

7. CNTs (carbon nanotubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical
nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter
ratio of up to 28,000,000:1, which is significantly larger than any other
material. And they have novel properties that make them potentially useful in
many Applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics ,other fields
of materials science and architectural fields. They exhibit extraordinary
strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal
conductors. Their final usage, however, may be limited by their potential
toxicity and property controlling their changes in response to chemical
treatment.
Electrical conductivity -- probably the best conductor of electricity on a
Nano scale.
Thermal conductivity -- comparable to diamond along the tube axis.
Mechanical -- probably the stiffest, strongest, and toughest fiber that can
ever exist.
Chemistry of carbon -- can be reacted and manipulated with the richness
and flexibility of other carbon molecules. Carbon is the basis of most
materials we use every day.
Molecular perfection -- essentially free of defects.

8. ▪Close to the scale of (10-9 ) .
▪Largely in R and D phase.
▪nanobots of 1.5 nanometers
,capable of counting specific
molecules in a chemical sample .
▪Capable of replication using
environmental resources.
Applications :
Detection of toxic components in
environment.
In drug delivery.

9. ▪Nanorods are one morphology of nanoscale
objects.
▪Dimensions range from 1-100 nm
▪They may be synthesized from metals or
semiconducting materials.
▪A combinations of ligands act as shape control
agents and to different facets of nanorod with
different strengths.so nanorod grow at different
rates ,producind an elongated object.
►Types of nanorods:
ZnO nanorods
Gold nanorods
CuO nanorods
Cation exchange
►Applications:
▪In display technologies.
▪In microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS).

10. Nanotechnology
Energy
Medicine
Nanofabrics
Engineering
Nano
devices
Nanobio-
technology
Cosmetics
Defense
and
security
Agriculture
s
Sports
Electronics optics

11. In medicine
drug development.
Cancer
treatment
Bone treatment.
Drug
delivery
Appetite control .
Drug development.
Medical tools.
Diagnostic tests.
Probing of DNA structure.
Separation and purification of
biological molecules and cells.
Detection of proteins.
Imaging

12. ▪Provide new options for drug delivery and drug
therapies .
▪Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right
location in the body and release drug doses on a
predetermined schedule for optimal treatment .
▪Attach the drug to a nano-sized carrier .
▪They become localized at the disease site ( cancer
tumor ) , then they release medicine that kills the
tumor.
▪Current treatment is through radiotherapy or
chemotherapy .
▪Nanorobots can clear the blockage in arteries .

13. Schematic
illustration of
established
nanotherapeutic
platforms.
Different
nanomedicine
products such
as drug
conjugates,
lipid-based
nanocarriers,
polymer-based
nanocarriers,
inorganic
nanoparticles,
and viral
nanoparticles
are used in
clinical cancer
care.

15. ►In Engineering And Construction
Materials
In Concrete
In Steel
In Wood
In Glass
In Coating
In Photovoltaic
►In mechanical engineering
►In Energy
In Solar Cells
In Fuel Cells
In Batteries
In Bio Fuels

16. There are two international product :-
► Sandvik nanoflex has both desirable
qualities of a high young’s modulus and
high strength and it is also resistant to
corrosion due to the presence of very hard
nano-sized particles in the steel matrix.
► MMFX2 steel ,while having the
mechanical properties of conventional steel
, has a modified nano-structure that makes
it corrosion resistant and it is an alternative
to conventional stainless steel ,but at lower
cost.

17. ► Predominant photovoltaic
material is silicon , but an
emerging technology involves
the use of dye-sensitized nano-
TiO2 .
►Large surface area of nano
TiO2 greatly increases
photovoltaic efficiency .
►Also has potential for lower
material and processing costs
relative to conventional solar
cells .

18. ▬Electrodes made of nanowires enable flat
panel displays to be flexible and thinner than
current flat panel displays.
▬Nanolithography is used for fabrication of
chip.
▬The transistors are made of nanowires, that
are assembled on glass or thin film of flexible
plastic.
▬E-paper, displays on sunglasses and map on
car windshields.

19. ▪ The properties of familiar materials are being
changed by manufactures who adding Nano-sized
component to conventional materials to improve
performance.
▫ The use of engineered nanofibers already makes
clothes water-and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
▫ textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be
washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
▫ In manufacturing bullet proof jackets.
▫ Making spill and dirt resistant, antimicrobial ,
antibacterial fabrics.
▫ Integrating tiny carbon particles membrane and
guarantee full surface protection from electrostatic
charges for the wearer.

20. Approaches of
nanotechnology

21. ►Health and safety issues
▪ Nanoparticles can cause serious illness or damage human body .
▪ Untraceable destructive weapons of mass destruction.
►Social and political issues
▪ Creates social strife through increasing wealth gap.
▪ Advisability of increasing scope of the technology creates political dilemma .
►Environmental issues
▪ Nanopollution is created by toxic wastes from nanomaterials manufacturing.
▪ Enhances global warming in the long run .
►“ Grey-goo “
▪ It is a hypothetical situation where self replicating nanobots go out of control
and consume all matter on earth .