Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Control

Presenting By:
Suresh R. Jambagi
Ph.D. Scholar
PAMB0021
Department of Agril. Entomology
UAS, GKVK Bengaluru-65
1

CONTENTS
Introduction
Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Nanotechnology in insect pest control
Nano pesticide formulations
Green nanotechnology
Case studies
Conclusion
2
Suresh R. Jambagi Ph.D. (Entomology) UAS GKVK Bangalore

NANOTECHNOLOGY….?
Nano- Greek word
- Dwarf or extreme small
- one billionth of something
Term “Nanotechnology” coined by- Eric
Drexler
Concept of ‘Nanotechnology’ – Richard
Feynmans (1959)
Founding father of
Nanotechnology
3

Father of nanotechnology
(Nobel laureate- 1965)
Term ‘nanotechnology-1974
Prof. C. N. R. Rao
Prof. Norio Taniguchi
Dr. Kattesh V. Katti
Father of Green-nanotechnology 2013 Bharat Ratna-
2013
4

It deals with creation of useful/ functional materials, devices or systems through the control
of matter at the nanometer length scale (0.1-100 nm) at least in one principal direction/
dimension
-National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
NANOTECHNOLOGY….?
Properties:
 Approximate size -0.1-100 nm
 Should display different properties from bulk
 Differs in physical strength, chemical reactivity, electrical conductance, magnetism and
optical effects – ‘QUANTUM EFFECTS’
Use of nanometer particles – evolution of Nanotechnology
5

Do properties change at nano scale level….?
 Increase in surface area to volume ratio
 Quantum mechanical effects
 Dominance of electromagnetic forces
 Random (Brownian) motion
 Optical effects
Gold is no
more a metal
and glistening
at <200 atoms
Fe at nano
dimension- No
magnet
6

WHY IT GAINED GREAT IMPORATANCE IN AGRICULTURE….?
Pesticides- using enormously to combat losses caused by insect pests and fight
against disease.
Indian pesticides market was worth INR 197 Billion in 2018. The market is further
projected to reach a value of INR 316 Billion by 2024 reflecting their enormous
economic and agricultural importance.
Indiscriminate usage: pesticides are routinely detected in various component of the
environment and also bring threat to human health.
7
(Kambrekar, 2020)

Hazardous to health
Air pollution
Resistance
8
Indiscriminate
Use of
Pesticides
(Stephenson, 2003)
Suresh R. Jambagi Ph.D. (Entomology) UAS GKVK
Bangalore

9
Pest Resurgence Beneficial organisms
Non target animals
Birds
Fishes
(Stephenson, 2003)
Suresh R. Jambagi Ph.D. (Entomology) UAS GKVK
Bangalore

Pesticide consumption scenario
76%
10%
13%
1%
INDIA
Insecticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Others
44%
30%
21%
5%
WORLD
Insecticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Others
Active ingredient loss in the environment
Zhao et al., 2017 10

• The off-target loss is the crucial problem for inefficient usage of conventional pesticide
formulations
What to do…?
Improvements in the delivery system of pesticides
 Enhance bio efficacy
 solve the problem of unintended environmental and human health
consequences.
NANO
FORMULATIONS
11

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
Goals
 Increase production rates and yield
 Increase efficiency of resource utilization
 Minimize waste production
 Food safety
Specific applications:
1. Nano fertilizers
2. Nano pesticides
3. Nano-based treatment of agricultural waste
4. Nano sensors
Why?
How…?
12

Nano fertilizers
Nanotechnology in
Agriculture
Nanocides
Nanoparticles for
soil conservation
Nano sensors
Nano brushes and
membranes
Delivery of drugs and
nutrients for fisheries
and livestock
13

Benefits of nano agrochemical suspension formulations
Improvement of efficacy
Induction of systemic activity
Lower toxicity
14

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INSECT PEST CONTROL
Nano pesticides
Any formulation that
intentionally includes elements in the
nm size range and/or claims novel
properties associated with these small
size range used for the management of
pests
15

16

Pesticide formulations
1. Nano emulsion
2. Nano suspension
3. Nano encapsulation
4. Nanoparticles
17

MODE OF ACTION OF NANOPESTICIDES
18

1. Nano emulsion
• Oil in water
• Size 20-200 nm
• Consist of lipid or polymeric vesicles or particles
• Larger surface area, slower release rate
• Non sedimentation or creaming
• It replaces the traditional EC formulations
• It reduces use of organic solvents
Synonyms- Mini emulsions or Ultrafine emulsions
19

Merits:
• It enhances dispersity, wettability and penetration properties of droplet
• Increases biological activity and decrease pesticide dosage
20
Novaluron: A novel IGR- Nanoparticulate Formulation of Novaluron
WHOPES, 2004

2. Nano encapsulation
 A small portion of an active substance that is surrounded by an encapsulating
agent with dimensions in the nano meter regime
They release pesticides in insect stomach
which minimises the contamination of
plant themselves.
Nanotechnology enables the
manipulation of properties of outer
shell of a capsule- ‘Control release’
21

Fumigant properties of nano-encapsulated essential oil from Artemisia
sieberi on Tribolium castaneum
Negahban et al., 2012
Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation
in Stored Products, Antalya, Turkey. 15-19, October 2012
22

23

Efficacy of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against
Sitophilus oryzae
Zahir et al., 2012
24

Commercial products
KARATE ZEON
GUT BUSTER
PRIMO MAXX
• Encapsulated product from Syngenta
• Used in- rice, peanuts and soybean
• Quick release microencapsulated product
containing ‘lambda cyhalothrin’
• It breaks open on contact with leaves
• Encapsulated product
• Breaks open to release its contents when
it comes in contact with alkaline
environment
• Ex: Stomach of certain insects
• Encapsulated product from Syngenta
• Plant growth regulator
• Withstand physical stress and
improve physical structure in turf
grass
25
Kambrekar, 2020

3. Metallic Nanoparticles
26

Solid core or matrix, usually composed of
metallic atoms.
Material used for fabrication- Metal oxide
ceramics and silicates, magnetic materials.
Silver, titanium oxide and copper are
most preferred as nanoparticles.
Metallic nanoparticles
27
• Ag- Bactericidal and viricidal
property
• TiO- antimicrobial and
antifungal activity
• Cu- Bactericidal at nanoscale
level
Rajna et al., 2019

 Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
Egypt.
 Hydrophilic nanosilica- Nano Tech. Egypt
 Six doses 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 ppm were prepared in total volume 50 ml for each
concentration.
28

Silica nanoparticles a potential new insecticide for pest control
Bendary and Helaly, 2013
29

Duration of the larval, pupal, adult longevity (days), number of laid eggs and
hatchability (%) of treated and non-treated tomato plants. Temperature 25±1°C., RH:
70±10%,
Bendary and Helaly, 2013
30

Green Nanotechnology
Synthesis of nano particles from plant or microbes/ Insect chitosan sources .
31
Aims:
I. Minimise potential environmental pollution.
II. Prevent human health risks associated with the manufacturer
III. To make nanoparticle more stable.

32
Advantages of Green nano technology by using plants /microorganism:
 They are easily available, safe to handle and possess a broad variability of
metabolites that may aid in reduction .
 Certain plants are known to accumulate higher concentrations of metals
compared to others and such plants are termed as hyper accumulators.
 Decreasing toxicity.
 Increasing the efficacy of Nano pesticide.
 Nano pesticide formulations increase the solubility of poorly soluble active
ingredient .
 Releasing the active ingredient slowly.

Various types of plants used for the synthesis of Green nanoparticles
33

Protocol of green synthesis of AgNPS using Carissa carandas fruit
34
C. carandas fruits C. carandas fruit
extract
AgNO310,000
ppm
Initial colour
After sunlight exposure
Ultrasonication Suresh R. Jambagi Ph.D. (Entomology) UAS GKVK Bangalore

Synthesis of Copper nanoparticles from chitosan
Chitosan +
acetic acid
CuSO4
Acetic
acid 5 %
Chitosan Cu
NPs
Magnetic
stirring for 1
day
Chitosan
powder 1 g
Chitosan
Cu NPs
Magnetic stirring
with hot plate
35

 Location: UAS Dharwad
 Soya seed based AgNp were synthesized through sun light exposure method.
 Size of the AgNP particle was 87 nm at 425 nm UV-Vis
 Bioassay: Leaf dip method (castor)
Hosamani et al., 2019
36

Effect of Soybean based seed Green silver nanoparticles on percent larval mortality of S. litura (3rd instar)
Hosamani et al., 2019
37

Conclusion
 Silver nanoparticles have a significant impact on insect antioxidant
and detoxifying enzymes, leading to oxidative stress and cell death.
 Ag nanoparticles also reduced acetylcholine esterase activity, while
polystyrene nanoparticles inhibited CYP450 isoenzymes resulting in
larval death.
38

 The green silica nanoparticles were synthesised from paddy husk
 Zetasizer- was used to study the average particle diameter (nm) of biosynthesized silica
nanoparticles.
 Average particle diameter of silica nanoparticles was 26.19 nm
Sushila et al., 2020
39

Table 1. Effect of silica nanoparticles against second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura
40

Table 2. Effect of silica nanoparticles on deformity of Spodoptera litura
41

Conclusion
 The low toxicity in green nanoparticles may be attributed
to impurities present in the silica nanoparticles
synthesized from plant based which hinders its toxicity.
 Silica nanoparticles induced dehydration was the main
reason behind their nanocidal property.
 Due to their ultra-small size, silica nanoparticles got
impregnated in insect cuticle and damaged the cuticular
water barrier. This caused insects to lose water from their
body and ultimately they died because of desiccation
 Mortality may be attributed partly due to resistance
imparted by silica to plants and partially to damage the
cuticle of larva.
Silica green nanoparticles were moderately toxic to
Spodoptera and have the potential to be used in alteration
with chemical pesticides.
42

43
DNA-tagged nano gold: A New Tool For The Control
Of The Spodoptera litura Fab.
(Chakravarthy et al., 2012)

Treatment (PPM)
Percentage of larval mortality days after treatment
3rd 4th 5th
200 10.0 (16.0)b 27.5 (31.4)c 35.0 (36.0)b
300 22.5 (28.2)a 42.5(40.7)b 62.5(52.3)a
400 25.0(29.7)a 55.0 (47.9)ab 72.5 (58.6)a
500 30.0 (33.2)a 57.5 (49.6) a 75.0(60.6)a
Control 0.0 (0.6)c 0.0 (0.6)d 0.0 (0.6)c
SEM ± 2.92 2.87 3.05
CD at 5 % 8.81 8.66 9.20
(Chakravarthy et al., 2012)
Effect Of Different Concentrations Of DNA-tagged With Nano Particle On 2nd Instar S. litura,
Third, Fourth And Fifth Days After Treatment
44

four days after
treatment
five days after
treatment
six days after
treatment
45
Control
Three days after
treatment
control sixth days after
treatment
Seven days after
treatment

Long lasting pheromones
• Nanogel prepared using methyl eugenol
(ME) + low-molecular mass gelator.
• Very stable at ambient conditions
• Works well in rainy season
• Last for a month
46
(Bhagat et al., 2013)

Efficient Management of Fruit Pests by Pheromone Nanogels
(Bhagat et al., 2013)
4
7

Nanotechnology Development in India
National Mission on Nanoscince and Technology (Nano Mission) launched in may 2007.
The other research centers of nano technology are:
I. Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
II. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
III. Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)
IV. Indian Institute of Science (IISC)
Three major industrial associations involved in the promotion of nanotechnology in India
1) The Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
2) Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).
3) The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
48

49

50

Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Control

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Control

Similar to Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Control (20)

More from Mr. Suresh R. Jambagi

More from Mr. Suresh R. Jambagi (19)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Control

Editor's Notes