plant pathology pathology plant disease management pathogen mode of action nano formulations mutation fungicide evolution genetic ecology population biology human factor time environmental factor pathogen factor host factors forecasting disease resistance epidemiology plant science survival and dispersal inoculum population dynamis localized hotspot epidemics life cycle seasonal dynamics disease management variability temporal spatial gps is plant patology taqman pcr sybr green dye-based method multiplex pcr rapd nested pcr dna polymerase primers dna template ouchterlony double diffusion t agglutination test lamp microarrays pcr based techniques antibody production diagnosis detection serological method bacteria biofungicide delivery system applied plant pathology high volume spray drip irrigation microbigation capsule application sucker treatment foliar application soil application seedling root dipping seed treatment trichoderma biocontrol agent characterization of nanopartic plant extracts green synthesis bottom up approaches top-down approaches surface area volume ratio quantum mechanics nano structures nano sensors disease prevention precision farming crop protection agricultural innovation target delivery nano science nano technology
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