Nanomaterials in the Ecosystem: Should we worry?
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Nanotechnology has the enormous potential to change our society. New advances in medicine, energy production, environmental cleanup and better access to clean water are just a few of the many possibilities. According to the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, the number of products that use nanomaterials has increased almost 380% since 2006. But, is it the same special properties that make nanoscale materials so useful that also pose potential risks to humans and the environment? Dr. Emily Bernhardt from the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology discussed with us the fate of nanomaterials in our environment and why you should care.
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Nanomaterials in the Ecosystem: Should we worry?
- 1. Nanomaterials in Ecosystems: Should we worry? Dr. Emily Bernhardt Assistant Professor of Biology at Duke University Tonight! @ 7pm Cold beer. Hot food. Cool Science. Fan us on Facebook
- 2. “ But I am not afraid to consider the final question as to whether, ultimately---in the great future---we can arrange the atoms the way we want; the very atoms, all the way down! What would happen if we could arrange the atoms one by one the way we want them? … Up to now, we have been content to dig in the ground to find minerals.… we must always accept some atomic arrangement that nature gives us. … What would the properties of materials be if we could really arrange the atoms the way we want them? Physicist Richard Feynman “ There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” December 1959
- 3. What is a nanoparticle? An engineered nanoparticle may be defined as any intentionally produced particle that has a characteristic dimension from 1 to 100 nm and has properties that are not shared by non-nanoscale particles with the same chemical composition.
- 4. What is a nanoparticle? An engineered nanoparticle may be defined as any intentionally produced particle that has a characteristic dimension from 1 to 100 nm and has properties that are not shared by non-nanoscale particles with the same chemical composition.
- 5. Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in nature Geobacter sulfurreducens expressing pilli Nanoparticulate Iron oxides in Washington, D.C. drinking water Cellulose nanofibrils in maize (2x2μm) Organisms have evolved in systems full of nanomaterials…
- 6. Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in nature
- 8. What is a nanoparticle? An engineered nanoparticle may be defined as any intentionally produced particle that has a characteristic dimension from 1 to 100 nm and has properties that are not shared by non-nanoscale particles with the same chemical composition.
- 10. What is a nanoparticle? An engineered nanoparticle may be defined as any intentionally produced particle that has a characteristic dimension from 1 to 100 nm and has properties that are not shared by non-nanoscale particles with the same chemical composition.
- 11. Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles Carbon Nanotubes Quantum Dots
- 12. Nanomaterials are ubiquitous in nature Manufactured Iron oxide nanoparticles Carbon nanotube “superthread” ZnO nanowires Geobacter sulfurreducens expressing pilli Nanoparticulate Iron oxides in Washington, D.C. drinking water Cellulose nanofibrils in maize (2x2μm)
- 13. # of consumer products containing NPs From the Project on Emerging Technologies
- 14. Nanomaterials, good for the environment?
- 15. Nanomaterials, good for the environment?
- 16. Nanomaterials, good for the environment?
- 17. Nanomaterials, good for the environment?
- 18. Nanomaterials, good for the environment?
- 19. How can we provide accurate predictions of the fate and impact of novel compounds in natural environments?
- 22. Sondi & Sulapek-Sondi 2004
- 25. Nanosilver effects on streamwater microbes Work by Ben Colman
- 26. Effect of nanosilver on Lolium multiflorum Work by Liyan Yin
- 27. Gold (Au) Nanoparticles in foodwebs Images from Jason Unrine, Lee Newman and Paul Bertsch (CEINT, University of Kentucky) Control Exposed (3.5 nm Au) New evidence for trophic transfer & bioaccumulation in tobacco hornworms
- 28. Test Tube ≠ Ecosystem
- 29. Biosolid + Ag nano application to field wetland microcosms
- 31. Biosolid + Ag nano application to field wetland microcosms Prototype slantboard wetland mesocosm With real time environmental monitoring
- 32. Q: How should nanomaterials be regulated to maximize potential while minimizing unintended consequences? Q&A Fan us on Facebook Cold beer. Hot food. Cool Science.
Editor's Notes
- This should be the first slide of your presentation and will be up from 6:45 until the start of your presentation at 7pm
- Indeed – most of the significant size specific effects seem to occur for particle <30nm in size…
- Nanoparticles of iron(III) oxide are biocompatible, non-toxic, are chemically active on their surface, and are paramagnetic at particle sizes above a critical limit of about 5 nanometers [ citation needed ] . They find wide use in biomedical applications. Can be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, in labeling of cancerous tissues, magnetically controlled transport of pharmaceuticals, localized thermotherapy (where the tissue is labeled by iron oxide nanoparticles, then heated by application of AC field to particles), and preparation of ferrofluids.[2] Zinc oxide nanowires can be used in a type of transistor that responds to the presence of various gases with exquisite precision, thus acting as a powerful chemical sensor
- his growth is mirrored by commercial value in the sector which was estimated at $150 billion for 2007 but predicted to rise to $3.1 trillion in 2015 Luxresearch. Lux research. Overhyped technology starts to reach potential: nanotech to impact $3.1 trillion in manufactured goods in 2015. July 22; http://www.luxresearchinc.com/press/RELEASE_Nano-SMR_7_22_08.pdf; 2009.n by 2015
- Ecologists tend to be good at documenting impacts, but have rarely Had the opportunity to predict them….
- Sondi & Sulapek-Sondi (2004) found that silver nanoparticles were toxic to E. coli cultures and led to significant membrane damage.
- Work in the laboratory of Paul Bertsch (CEINT coPI at University of Kentucky) has found that Nicotiana xanthi (tobacco) take up 3.5 nm Au citrate spheres from hydroponic growth medium. Plant growth does not appear to be impacted by the nanoparticle exposure (Figure A) but Syncrotron X-ray mapping and microXANES analysis of the Au (L α fluorescence) demonatrate that tobacco plants translocate the Au nanoparticles from roots to leaf tissues (Figure B). Recently initiated experiments are examining the potential for trophic transfer of Au nanoparticles between tobacco and its herbivore pest - the tobacco hornworm (Figure C).
- Only a couple of studies done to date looking at effects on microbes in natural systems… Despite work at Duke showing fullerenes killed bacteria - Tong found that fullerenes had no effect on soil bacteria activity or species diversity Despite numerous reports of Ag toxicity to microbes - Bradford found that nanosilver had no effect on estuarine sediment activity or species diversity
- Place this slide at the end of your (15-20 minute) presentation. We’d like for you to come up with a question to ask the audience to think about while on the 10 minute break prior to beginning the Q/A session. This question should be a societal question asking to reflect on what they just heard through your presentation as well as something to get the conversations rolling with their neighbors.