Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale to build materials and devices with fundamentally new properties. It has applications in medicine such as targeted drug delivery. In the future, nanotechnology may allow manufacturing at the atomic scale inexpensively using the laws of physics. However, there are also safety and ethical concerns about unintended health effects and privacy issues from undetectable sensors. Universities offer degrees in engineering and science related to developing and applying nanotechnology.

1. NanotechnologyNanotechnology
By:By: Razia A.Razia A.
Faiza S.Faiza S.
Wyshnavy Y.Wyshnavy Y.

2. What is Nanotechnology?What is Nanotechnology?
 Basic Definition:Basic Definition: Technology of building or creating products such asTechnology of building or creating products such as
electronic circuits from single atoms and moleculeselectronic circuits from single atoms and molecules
• Deals with the making of materials by molecular self assemblyDeals with the making of materials by molecular self assembly
• Rearranging atoms to get:Rearranging atoms to get:
 Manufactured products:Manufactured products:
 made from atomsmade from atoms
 Properties of products:Properties of products:
 depends on how atoms are arrangeddepends on how atoms are arranged
For instance,For instance, if we rearrange the atoms of coal, we can make diamond ifif we rearrange the atoms of coal, we can make diamond if
we rearrange the atoms in dirt water or air, we can end up withwe rearrange the atoms in dirt water or air, we can end up with
potatoes!potatoes!

3. Nanotechnology in the futureNanotechnology in the future
In the future nanotechnology can:In the future nanotechnology can:
1. Easily move and put atoms together1. Easily move and put atoms together
2. Be accomplished inexpensively2. Be accomplished inexpensively
3. Be accomplished with help by the laws of physics3. Be accomplished with help by the laws of physics
4. Help us make products more cleaner, stronger, lighter and more precise4. Help us make products more cleaner, stronger, lighter and more precise

4. How can Nanotechnology help us?How can Nanotechnology help us?
Nanotechnology will help us :Nanotechnology will help us :
1. Develop new manufacturing technology1. Develop new manufacturing technology
2. Help us build computer systems inexpensively with mole quantities2. Help us build computer systems inexpensively with mole quantities

5. What will nanotechnology assure?What will nanotechnology assure?
Nanotechnology will assure that :Nanotechnology will assure that :
1. Every atom is in the right place1. Every atom is in the right place
2. Make almost all products with the help of laws of physics2. Make almost all products with the help of laws of physics
3. Manufacturing prices will not go higher than the price at which the raw3. Manufacturing prices will not go higher than the price at which the raw
materials were bought formaterials were bought for

6. ApplicationsApplications
 Improved productsImproved products
 rely on change in physical propertiesrely on change in physical properties
 NanoparticlesNanoparticles
 take advantage of increased surface area over volume ratiotake advantage of increased surface area over volume ratio
 strongly change the mechanical properties of materialstrongly change the mechanical properties of material
(e.g. makes it light and increases stability)(e.g. makes it light and increases stability)

7. MedicineMedicine
With the help of Nanoparticles, which are the size of molecules, drugs canWith the help of Nanoparticles, which are the size of molecules, drugs can
directly be delivered to diseased cells in the bodydirectly be delivered to diseased cells in the body
 Drug deliveryDrug delivery
 Iron nanoparticles or gold shells can be used to treat cancerIron nanoparticles or gold shells can be used to treat cancer
 Tissue engineeringTissue engineering
 Nanotechnology can help reproduce and repair damaged tissueNanotechnology can help reproduce and repair damaged tissue

8. EnergyEnergy
Nanotechnology helps reduce waste and materials and enhancesNanotechnology helps reduce waste and materials and enhances
renewable energy resourcesrenewable energy resources
 Recycling of BatteriesRecycling of Batteries
 Batteries have low energy density and it also needs rechargingBatteries have low energy density and it also needs recharging
 Can lead to disposal problemsCan lead to disposal problems
 Nanomaterials can be used to help increase higher rate ofNanomaterials can be used to help increase higher rate of
recharging and energy of batteriesrecharging and energy of batteries
 This is essential for disposal problemsThis is essential for disposal problems

9. SafetySafety
• Concerns exist about the possible impacts of manufacturedConcerns exist about the possible impacts of manufactured
nanoparticles and nanotubes that are free to move aroundnanoparticles and nanotubes that are free to move around
 Free nanoparticles could be inhaled or enter the body through theFree nanoparticles could be inhaled or enter the body through the
skin, and cause damage to cellsskin, and cause damage to cells
 Nanoparticles can affect plants and animals by entering the foodNanoparticles can affect plants and animals by entering the food
chainchain
 Nanotubes, when inhaled, can cause respiratory problemsNanotubes, when inhaled, can cause respiratory problems
• Small sensors can be used to spy on peopleSmall sensors can be used to spy on people

10. Ethical IssuesEthical Issues
It is right because:It is right because:
1. It will make world a better place1. It will make world a better place
2. It is likely to reduce other ethical issues (e.g., constructing cells rather2. It is likely to reduce other ethical issues (e.g., constructing cells rather
than getting them from reproduction)than getting them from reproduction)
3. It will give us more “god-like” powers3. It will give us more “god-like” powers
It is wrong because:It is wrong because:
1. It will give us more “god-like” powers1. It will give us more “god-like” powers
2. It may lead to undetectable surveillance; right to privacy could be at risk2. It may lead to undetectable surveillance; right to privacy could be at risk

11. Branches of SciencesBranches of Sciences
Branches of sciences needed to study this technology are:Branches of sciences needed to study this technology are:
• Materials scienceMaterials science
 applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical,applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical,
mechanical, civil and electrical engineeringmechanical, civil and electrical engineering
• Natural scienceNatural science
 nanotechnology, physics, chemistry, astronomy,nanotechnology, physics, chemistry, astronomy,
molecular biology and mathmolecular biology and math
• Computer scienceComputer science
 the science of the theoretical foundations of informationthe science of the theoretical foundations of information
and computation and their implementation andand computation and their implementation and
application in computer systemsapplication in computer systems

12. UniversitiesUniversities
Universities that provide this course are:Universities that provide this course are:
Universities in our area:Universities in our area:
1. University of Toronto - Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science with1. University of Toronto - Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science with
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
2. University of Waterloo - Bachelor of Applied Science degree in2. University of Waterloo - Bachelor of Applied Science degree in
Nanotechnology Engineering program as well as nanotechnologyNanotechnology Engineering program as well as nanotechnology
research in campus.research in campus.
Universities out of our area:Universities out of our area:
1. City University of New York - offers a Ph.D. in Nanotechnology.1. City University of New York - offers a Ph.D. in Nanotechnology.
2. University of Washington - Ph.D. in Nanotechnology2. University of Washington - Ph.D. in Nanotechnology

13. Career OpportunitiesCareer Opportunities
Career opportunities exist in areas such as:Career opportunities exist in areas such as:
• Auto and aerospace industriesAuto and aerospace industries
• Sports equipmentSports equipment
• BiotechnologyBiotechnology
• Medical fieldsMedical fields
• OptoelectronicsOptoelectronics
• Environmental monitoring and controlEnvironmental monitoring and control
• Food scienceFood science
• University lab researchUniversity lab research

14. BibliographyBibliography
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm
• http://www.nanotechnology.com/http://www.nanotechnology.com/
• http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotech-applications.htmlhttp://www.understandingnano.com/nanotech-applications.html
• http://www.science-engineering.net/nanotechnology-masters.htmhttp://www.science-engineering.net/nanotechnology-masters.htm
• http://www.nanotech-now.com/introduction.htmhttp://www.nanotech-now.com/introduction.htm
• http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=2469http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=2469
• http://www.livescience.com/nanotechnology/http://www.livescience.com/nanotechnology/
• http://www.ethicsweb.ca/nanotechnology/bibliography.htmlhttp://www.ethicsweb.ca/nanotechnology/bibliography.html
• http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/chen.htmlhttp://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/chen.html