Paul Ehrlich in 1902 proposed targeted drug delivery similar to a "magic bullet". An ideal drug delivery system maximizes therapeutic effects while minimizing toxicity. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have evolved from simple mixtures and pills to more sophisticated systems. Nanoemulsions are dispersions of at least two immiscible fluids as droplets smaller than 1 micrometer. They are stable alternatives to liposomes for drug delivery through various routes of administration such as oral, topical, nasal and ocular delivery. While nanoemulsions increase bioavailability and target delivery, their manufacturing is expensive and stability can be an issue.
Nanoemulsions are emulsions with droplet size on the order of
100 nm. A typical nanoemulsion contains oil, water and an
emulsifier. The addition of an emulsifier is critical for the
creation of small sized droplets as it decreases the interfacial
tension i.e., the surface energy per unit area, between the oil
and water phases of the emulsion. The emulsifier also plays a
role in stabilizing nanoemulsions through repulsive electrostatic
interactions and steric hindrance.1 The emulsifier used is
generally a surfactant, but proteins and lipids have also been
effective in the preparation of nanoemulsions.2–12 Over the past
decade or more, the research focus has been on preparing nanoemulsions
through various methods, broadly classified into two
primary categories: high-energy and low-energy methods.13–15
High energy methods such as high pressure homogenization
(HPH) and ultrasonication15 consume significant energy
(B108
–1010 W kg1
) to make small droplets.
Nanoemulsions are emulsions with droplet size on the order of
100 nm. A typical nanoemulsion contains oil, water and an
emulsifier. The addition of an emulsifier is critical for the
creation of small sized droplets as it decreases the interfacial
tension i.e., the surface energy per unit area, between the oil
and water phases of the emulsion. The emulsifier also plays a
role in stabilizing nanoemulsions through repulsive electrostatic
interactions and steric hindrance.1 The emulsifier used is
generally a surfactant, but proteins and lipids have also been
effective in the preparation of nanoemulsions.2–12 Over the past
decade or more, the research focus has been on preparing nanoemulsions
through various methods, broadly classified into two
primary categories: high-energy and low-energy methods.13–15
High energy methods such as high pressure homogenization
(HPH) and ultrasonication15 consume significant energy
(B108
–1010 W kg1
) to make small droplets.
Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulationiosrphr_editor
: Nanoemulsion is referred type of emulsion with uniform and extremely small droplet size in the range
of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulsion provides numerous advantages over other carrier such as polymeric nanoparticle
and liposomes, including low cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and lipophilic drug loading system
to enhance the longer shelf live upon preserving the therapeutic agents. Incorporating the preparation of
nanoemulsion with hydrogel matrix to produce nanoemulgel exhibited by the two separate systems that forming
it. Nanoemulgel possesses the properties of thixotropic, non-greasy, effortlessly spreadable, easily be removed,
emollient, not staining, soluble in water, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, translucent and agreeable appearance.
A Nanosuspension is a submicron colloidal dispersion of drug particles. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension is defined as very finely colloid, Biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqeous vehicle , size below 1µm ,without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers , prepared by suitable methods for Drug Delivery applications, through various routes of administration like oral ,topical ,parenteral ,ocular and pulmanary routes.
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems Pawan Kumar Pandey
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems and lipidic systems. Difference between emulsions based on the size of the globule. Preparation methods for emulsions used in industry.
A PHARMACEUTICAL NANOSUSPENSION IS DEFINED AS: “Very finely dispers solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicale for either oral and topical use or parenteral and pulmonary administration.
Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulationiosrphr_editor
: Nanoemulsion is referred type of emulsion with uniform and extremely small droplet size in the range
of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulsion provides numerous advantages over other carrier such as polymeric nanoparticle
and liposomes, including low cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and lipophilic drug loading system
to enhance the longer shelf live upon preserving the therapeutic agents. Incorporating the preparation of
nanoemulsion with hydrogel matrix to produce nanoemulgel exhibited by the two separate systems that forming
it. Nanoemulgel possesses the properties of thixotropic, non-greasy, effortlessly spreadable, easily be removed,
emollient, not staining, soluble in water, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, translucent and agreeable appearance.
A Nanosuspension is a submicron colloidal dispersion of drug particles. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension is defined as very finely colloid, Biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqeous vehicle , size below 1µm ,without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers , prepared by suitable methods for Drug Delivery applications, through various routes of administration like oral ,topical ,parenteral ,ocular and pulmanary routes.
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems Pawan Kumar Pandey
Microemulsion, Nanoemulsion and Self emulsifying drug delivery systems and lipidic systems. Difference between emulsions based on the size of the globule. Preparation methods for emulsions used in industry.
A PHARMACEUTICAL NANOSUSPENSION IS DEFINED AS: “Very finely dispers solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicale for either oral and topical use or parenteral and pulmonary administration.
Niosomes is under the Novel drug delivery system. In which the drug are enclosed in the bilayer vesicle which is made up of the phospholipid. Niosomes are the similar to the liposomes both are made up of the bilayer of phospholipid. But in niosomes several advantages of over the liposomes.
Novel drug delivery system (herbal) -:To acknowledge patient and doctor tu used widely herbal drug to greater therapeutic effect
To find out Niosomes in neem...
Novel Drug Delivery System is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the appropriate site in the body to accomplish promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. • Paul Ehrlich in1902 initiated the era of targeted
delivery,who proposed drug delivery to be as magic
bullet
• An ideal drug delivery system is aimed at maximized
therapeutic effect and least toxicity
• With time and growth of science and technology, the
dosage forms have evolved from simple mixtures and
pills, to highly sophisticated systems which are known
as novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) .
3. Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field today.
According to the National Nanotechnology
Initiative (U.S) nanotechnology is broadly defined
as the understanding and control of matter at
dimensions of roughly 1 to100 nanometers,.
4. Nanoemulsions :systems of at least two nearly
immiscible fluids dispersed as droplets with
diameter significantly below one micrometer in
nano range
Nanoemulsion and Microemulsion Shah et al.
5. Nanoemulsion composition mainly consist of oil
phase ,aqueous phase ,emulsifiers ,antioxidants
etc
For ocular use 5% concentration of oil as to
maintain optimal viscosity 2-3 centi poise
For other use 5-20%.
.Oils and surfactants used in nanoemulsion must
be FDA approved GRAS certified
7. Extemporaneous drug addition
De novo emulsion preparation:the drug is initially
solubilized or dispersed together with an
emulsifier in suitable single-oil or oil mixture by
means of heating.
• Interfacial incorporation approach, which
includes the recently developed SolEmul®
technology :initially dissolving the drug along with
the phospholipid (emulsifier) in an organic solvent,
instead of in the oil
8. No Creaming and sedimentation
Prevention of coalescence
Rapid penetration of active ingredients through
skin.
Lower amount of surfactant required
Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in tumor.
9. • Stable alternative for liposomes and vesicle type
of delivery systems.
• Can be administered by various routes of body
There are various reported methods which
support the administration of nanoemulsion
formulation through parentral ,oral ,topical, nasal
and ocular route
• These formulations may be used to increase the
bioavailability of poor water soluble drug by
developing oil in water type of nanoemulsion
10. Manufacturing is an expensive process
Oswald Ripening due to high rate of curvature of
small droplet show greater solubility as compared
to large drop with a low radius of curvature ,
Less availability and comparatively high cost of
oils ,surfactant and cosurfactant required for
manufacturing of nanoemulsion.
11. Phase behavior Study
Particle size Analysis
Zeta potential
TEM
In-vitro release study
Viscosity
Drug Entrapment Efficiency
12. Cosmetics
Antimicrobials
Mucosal vaccine
Non toxic disinfectant :Developed by Enviro
system that that kills tuberculosis and a wide
spectrum of viruses ,bacteria and fungi in 5-10
minutes without any hazards
Cell culture technology
Cancer therapy and in targeted drug delivery
13. In treatment of various other disease:Diclofenac in
osteoarthritis
Primaquin in malaria
14. Patent name :Method of Preventing and Treating
Microbial infections .Assignee:NanoBio
Corporation (US) .US Patent numbers :6,506 ,803
Patent name :NE based on phosphoric acid esters
and its uses in the
cosmetics,dermatological,pharmaceutical and or
ophthalmological fields .Assignee :L’Oreal
(Paris,FR) US Patent number :6,274,150
15. Commercial Nanoemulsion:
Vit A,D,E,K Brand name Vitalipid by Fresenius
Kabi Europe in parentral nutrition
Flurbiprofen axetil Brand name Ropion by Kaken
Pharmaceuticals Japan
16. Vyas S.P,Khar R.K ,Basis of targeted drug delivery,Targeted &Controlled Drug
delivery Novel Carrier Systems, cbs publishers,page no 39-41
Otilia M.Koo, Israel Rubinstein, MD Hayat Onyuksel,Role of nanotechnology in
targeted drug delivery and imaging:a concise review, Nanomedicine:
Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine (2005) 1 , 193– 212
Arbor A, Nanoemulsion vaccines show increasing promisw Oil-based nasal
vaccine technique produces immunity against small pox,HIV,AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses 2008;24;1-9
Available from :http://www.patentstorm.us/.(last updated on 2007 Jul 29.)
Available from :http://www.wipo.org/.(last updated on 2007 July 30)
Available from :http://www.uspto.com/.(last updated on 2009 Jul 30)
Shah P,Balodia D, Shelat P,Nanoemulsion:A Pharmaceutical Review,Sys Rev
Pharm ,2010,1(1),24-33
