Introduction
Need of Nanosuspension
Advantages of Nanosuspension
Disadvantages of Nanosuspension
Method Of Preparation
Formulation Considerations
Characterization of Nanosuspension
Current Marketed Formulations
Pharmaceutical Applications
Nanosuspensions are colloidal dispersions of drug particles below 1 micron in size, stabilized by surfactants. They can improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs compared to conventional formulations. The document discusses the definition, advantages, preparation techniques including high pressure homogenization and media milling, characterization, and applications of nanosuspensions through various routes of administration such as oral, intravenous, and ocular. Nanosuspensions reduce issues associated with poorly soluble drugs like low bioavailability and lack of dose proportionality.
A Nanosuspension is a submicron colloidal dispersion of drug particles. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension is defined as very finely colloid, Biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqeous vehicle , size below 1µm ,without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers , prepared by suitable methods for Drug Delivery applications, through various routes of administration like oral ,topical ,parenteral ,ocular and pulmanary routes.
1. Nanoemulsions are a promising drug delivery system that can overcome drawbacks of conventional systems. They are submicron emulsions (50-200nm droplets) that are thermodynamically stable and can improve drug delivery.
2. Nanoemulsions offer several advantages for drug delivery including increased aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, enhanced bioavailability, reproducible pharmacokinetic profiles, protection of drugs from degradation, delivery through various routes of administration and thermodynamic stability.
3. The key components of nanoemulsions are oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and water. Selection of components depends on maximum drug solubility in each. Emulsifiers form films around lipid
The document discusses nano-suspensions which are colloidal dispersions of drug particles less than 1 micrometer in size that are stabilized by surfactants. Nano-suspensions improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Two common production methods are media milling which uses high shear forces and high pressure homogenization. Nano-suspensions provide long term stability and can be administered through various routes such as oral, intravenous and pulmonary delivery to improve drug targeting.
Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticles as a drug delivery systems Tarun Kumar Reddy
Nanomaterials fall into a size range similar to proteins and other macromolecular structures found inside living cells. As such, nanomaterials are poised to take advantage of existing cellular machinery to facilitate the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles containing encapsulated, dispersed, absorbed or conjugated drugs have unique characteristics that can lead to enhanced performance in a variety of dosage forms.
Introduction
Need of Nanosuspension
Advantages of Nanosuspension
Disadvantages of Nanosuspension
Method Of Preparation
Formulation Considerations
Characterization of Nanosuspension
Current Marketed Formulations
Pharmaceutical Applications
Nanosuspensions are colloidal dispersions of drug particles below 1 micron in size, stabilized by surfactants. They can improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs compared to conventional formulations. The document discusses the definition, advantages, preparation techniques including high pressure homogenization and media milling, characterization, and applications of nanosuspensions through various routes of administration such as oral, intravenous, and ocular. Nanosuspensions reduce issues associated with poorly soluble drugs like low bioavailability and lack of dose proportionality.
A Nanosuspension is a submicron colloidal dispersion of drug particles. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension is defined as very finely colloid, Biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqeous vehicle , size below 1µm ,without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers , prepared by suitable methods for Drug Delivery applications, through various routes of administration like oral ,topical ,parenteral ,ocular and pulmanary routes.
1. Nanoemulsions are a promising drug delivery system that can overcome drawbacks of conventional systems. They are submicron emulsions (50-200nm droplets) that are thermodynamically stable and can improve drug delivery.
2. Nanoemulsions offer several advantages for drug delivery including increased aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, enhanced bioavailability, reproducible pharmacokinetic profiles, protection of drugs from degradation, delivery through various routes of administration and thermodynamic stability.
3. The key components of nanoemulsions are oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and water. Selection of components depends on maximum drug solubility in each. Emulsifiers form films around lipid
The document discusses nano-suspensions which are colloidal dispersions of drug particles less than 1 micrometer in size that are stabilized by surfactants. Nano-suspensions improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Two common production methods are media milling which uses high shear forces and high pressure homogenization. Nano-suspensions provide long term stability and can be administered through various routes such as oral, intravenous and pulmonary delivery to improve drug targeting.
Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticles as a drug delivery systems Tarun Kumar Reddy
Nanomaterials fall into a size range similar to proteins and other macromolecular structures found inside living cells. As such, nanomaterials are poised to take advantage of existing cellular machinery to facilitate the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles containing encapsulated, dispersed, absorbed or conjugated drugs have unique characteristics that can lead to enhanced performance in a variety of dosage forms.
This document discusses nanosuspensions as a drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugs. It defines a nanosuspension as solid drug particles less than 1 micron in size, stabilized by surfactants and polymers in an aqueous vehicle. Top-down and bottom-up methods are used to prepare nanosuspensions, including wet milling, high pressure homogenization, and precipitation techniques. Nanosuspensions can improve drug solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability, making them useful for oral and parenteral drug delivery applications. Characterization techniques include particle sizing, zeta potential measurement, and assessing crystal structure, entrapment efficiency, and dissolution properties.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were presented as a topical drug delivery system. NLCs consist of a blend of solid and liquid lipids which can incorporate drugs at high loading capacities. They were summarized to have advantages over solid lipid nanoparticles including avoidance of drug expulsion and unpredictable gelation. Methods for producing NLCs like high pressure homogenization were described. NLCs were said to increase skin permeation of drugs while providing occlusive and moisturizing properties beneficial for skin care. Several drug-loaded NLC formulations were presented including ones for flurbiprofen, minoxidil, and tacrolimus to improve their topical delivery and stability.
Nanoemulsions are emulsified oil and water systems with droplet sizes between 10-200 nm that are thermodynamically stable and optically clear. They can be produced using high-energy methods like high pressure homogenization or microfluidization or low-energy methods like solvent diffusion or phase inversion. Nanoemulsions have advantages over regular emulsions like improved stability, higher drug loading, and enhanced permeation and absorption of drugs. They have a variety of applications including cosmetics, antimicrobial products, targeted drug delivery, and oral or transdermal delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery SystemSagar Savale
The document provides information on self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), including their definition, components, mechanism of action, formulation, evaluation, and applications. SMEDDS consist of oils, surfactants, and cosolvents/surfactants that form fine oil-in-water microemulsions upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous fluids. The small droplet size of SMEDDS enhances drug absorption by increasing surface area and promoting intestinal lymphatic transport. SMEDDS have shown improved oral absorption for several poorly soluble drugs over conventional formulations.
Dissolution method and ivivc by ranjeet singhRanjeet Singh
The document discusses dissolution testing methods for oral drug formulations. It describes dissolution as a mass transfer process involving interactions at solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent interfaces. Official dissolution testing methods specified by regulatory agencies include the rotating basket, paddle, flow-through, reciprocating cylinder, paddle over disk, rotating cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods. Non-official methods described for specific dosage forms include the rotating bottle method for sustained release formulations and dialysis systems for poorly soluble drugs. The document also discusses the importance of establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations to ensure batch uniformity and aid new drug development.
Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)Himal Barakoti
This document discusses self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), including their background, mechanism of action, formulations, stability testing, advantages, and applications. SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants that form fine oil-in-water emulsions upon mild agitation followed by dilution in gastrointestinal fluids. They can improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs and enhance their bioavailability. SMEDDS formulations typically contain an oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug. Their small particle size allows efficient drug release in the GI tract. Stability testing evaluates factors like temperature effects and in vitro drug release. SMEDDS
Pulmonary route used to treat different respiratory diseases from last decade.
The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapours from aromatic plants, balsams, and myhrr.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
This document discusses factors that influence drug absorption from various pharmaceutical dosage forms. It outlines several formulation variables like excipients, manufacturing processes, dosage form characteristics, and drug properties that can impact the dissolution and absorption of drugs. These variables include excipient type and amount, particle size, polymorphism, compression force, method of granulation, viscosity, and surface area. The document also examines how these factors influence drug absorption from different dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions, emulsions, and powders. Understanding these variables is important for developing formulations that effectively deliver drugs to systemic circulation.
Techniques for enhancement of dissolution rateSagar Savale
The document discusses various techniques to enhance the dissolution rate of drugs, which is important for predicting bioavailability. It describes the process of dissolution and factors that influence the rate based on the Noyes-Whitney equation. Several methods are covered, including increasing surface area through particle size reduction, using surfactants, solid dispersions, polymorphism, molecular encapsulation, salt formation, and nanosuspensions. Enhancing dissolution rate can improve drug efficacy by increasing bioavailability.
Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
The document discusses regulatory provisions for cosmetics in India. Cosmetics are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945. The act defines cosmetics and outlines labeling requirements including the name, address, ingredients, directions for use, and batch number. Imports of cosmetics must meet quality standards and cannot contain prohibited ingredients. Manufacturers must obtain licenses from state authorities by meeting facility and equipment requirements. Products must also meet standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
The document discusses niosomes, a novel drug delivery system. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar in structure to liposomes but with advantages like being more stable and requiring no special storage conditions. The document outlines factors that affect niosome preparation such as the surfactant type and ratio, drug properties, and addition of cholesterol. Several methods for preparing niosomes are also described, including film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and microfluidization. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and offer benefits like controlled release, increased drug stability and bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery.
This presentation discusses using resealed erythrocytes as drug carriers. Erythrocytes are attractive carriers as they are biocompatible and can carry a broad spectrum of drugs while avoiding toxicity. Drugs can be loaded into erythrocytes through hypotonic lysis or endocytosis methods. Loaded erythrocytes are then resealed and characterized. They provide benefits like prolonged drug release and targeting to specific sites. Applications include delivering enzymes, drugs, and targeting the liver or reticuloendothelial system. Resealed erythrocytes show potential as a drug delivery system.
Implants are cylindrical, monolithic devices of millimeter or centimeter dimensions, implanted into the subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue by an minor surgical incision or injected through a large bore needle; and release the incorporated drug in a controlled manner, allowing the adjustment of release rates over extended periods of time, ranging from several days up to one year.
drug execipent compatibilty studies is of prime importance for the better formulation of the new drug and also for reducing cost by verfication of the data at the earlier atage.
this presentation will give the brief explanation of the goal, importance, dteps involve to studi the drug execient compatibility studies with different examples suitable accordiingly.
Self Nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)Sagar Savale
This document provides a review of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). SNEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants that can spontaneously form nanoemulsions with particle sizes less than 100nm when exposed to aqueous media like gastrointestinal fluids. SNEDDS can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The review discusses the components, mechanisms, advantages, and applications of SNEDDS for enhancing drug solubility and absorption. Key advantages of SNEDDS include improved drug dissolution and absorption rates due to their small particle size and large surface area. SNEDDS are particularly suitable for delivery of BCS Class II and IV drugs.
Recent innovation in liquid dosage form 1by sachinSachin Prajapati
The document summarizes recent innovations in oral liquid formulations, including suspensions and emulsions at the nano and micro scale. It discusses nano suspensions, micro suspensions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions and multiple emulsions. For each formulation type, it provides definitions, methods of preparation, advantages and examples of drugs where these formulations have improved solubility, bioavailability and onset of action. The key benefits of these advanced oral liquid formulations are improving the delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
New microsoft office power point presentationMayuri Yadav
This document provides an introduction and overview of nanosuspensions for pharmaceutical applications. It was prepared by Mayuri B. Yadav and guided by Prof. Dr. S. N. Dhole of Modern College of Pharmacy in Pune, India. The document defines nanosuspensions and discusses their advantages such as improved bioavailability. It also outlines various preparation methods including media milling, high pressure homogenization, and the use of emulsions or microemulsions as templates. Evaluation parameters for nanosuspensions and some currently marketed formulations are also mentioned. The applications and conclusion state that nanosuspensions can effectively deliver poorly soluble drugs.
This document discusses nanosuspensions as a drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugs. It defines a nanosuspension as solid drug particles less than 1 micron in size, stabilized by surfactants and polymers in an aqueous vehicle. Top-down and bottom-up methods are used to prepare nanosuspensions, including wet milling, high pressure homogenization, and precipitation techniques. Nanosuspensions can improve drug solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability, making them useful for oral and parenteral drug delivery applications. Characterization techniques include particle sizing, zeta potential measurement, and assessing crystal structure, entrapment efficiency, and dissolution properties.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were presented as a topical drug delivery system. NLCs consist of a blend of solid and liquid lipids which can incorporate drugs at high loading capacities. They were summarized to have advantages over solid lipid nanoparticles including avoidance of drug expulsion and unpredictable gelation. Methods for producing NLCs like high pressure homogenization were described. NLCs were said to increase skin permeation of drugs while providing occlusive and moisturizing properties beneficial for skin care. Several drug-loaded NLC formulations were presented including ones for flurbiprofen, minoxidil, and tacrolimus to improve their topical delivery and stability.
Nanoemulsions are emulsified oil and water systems with droplet sizes between 10-200 nm that are thermodynamically stable and optically clear. They can be produced using high-energy methods like high pressure homogenization or microfluidization or low-energy methods like solvent diffusion or phase inversion. Nanoemulsions have advantages over regular emulsions like improved stability, higher drug loading, and enhanced permeation and absorption of drugs. They have a variety of applications including cosmetics, antimicrobial products, targeted drug delivery, and oral or transdermal delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery SystemSagar Savale
The document provides information on self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), including their definition, components, mechanism of action, formulation, evaluation, and applications. SMEDDS consist of oils, surfactants, and cosolvents/surfactants that form fine oil-in-water microemulsions upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous fluids. The small droplet size of SMEDDS enhances drug absorption by increasing surface area and promoting intestinal lymphatic transport. SMEDDS have shown improved oral absorption for several poorly soluble drugs over conventional formulations.
Dissolution method and ivivc by ranjeet singhRanjeet Singh
The document discusses dissolution testing methods for oral drug formulations. It describes dissolution as a mass transfer process involving interactions at solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent interfaces. Official dissolution testing methods specified by regulatory agencies include the rotating basket, paddle, flow-through, reciprocating cylinder, paddle over disk, rotating cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods. Non-official methods described for specific dosage forms include the rotating bottle method for sustained release formulations and dialysis systems for poorly soluble drugs. The document also discusses the importance of establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations to ensure batch uniformity and aid new drug development.
Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)Himal Barakoti
This document discusses self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), including their background, mechanism of action, formulations, stability testing, advantages, and applications. SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants that form fine oil-in-water emulsions upon mild agitation followed by dilution in gastrointestinal fluids. They can improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs and enhance their bioavailability. SMEDDS formulations typically contain an oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug. Their small particle size allows efficient drug release in the GI tract. Stability testing evaluates factors like temperature effects and in vitro drug release. SMEDDS
Pulmonary route used to treat different respiratory diseases from last decade.
The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapours from aromatic plants, balsams, and myhrr.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
This document discusses factors that influence drug absorption from various pharmaceutical dosage forms. It outlines several formulation variables like excipients, manufacturing processes, dosage form characteristics, and drug properties that can impact the dissolution and absorption of drugs. These variables include excipient type and amount, particle size, polymorphism, compression force, method of granulation, viscosity, and surface area. The document also examines how these factors influence drug absorption from different dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions, emulsions, and powders. Understanding these variables is important for developing formulations that effectively deliver drugs to systemic circulation.
Techniques for enhancement of dissolution rateSagar Savale
The document discusses various techniques to enhance the dissolution rate of drugs, which is important for predicting bioavailability. It describes the process of dissolution and factors that influence the rate based on the Noyes-Whitney equation. Several methods are covered, including increasing surface area through particle size reduction, using surfactants, solid dispersions, polymorphism, molecular encapsulation, salt formation, and nanosuspensions. Enhancing dissolution rate can improve drug efficacy by increasing bioavailability.
Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
The document discusses regulatory provisions for cosmetics in India. Cosmetics are regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945. The act defines cosmetics and outlines labeling requirements including the name, address, ingredients, directions for use, and batch number. Imports of cosmetics must meet quality standards and cannot contain prohibited ingredients. Manufacturers must obtain licenses from state authorities by meeting facility and equipment requirements. Products must also meet standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
The document discusses niosomes, a novel drug delivery system. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar in structure to liposomes but with advantages like being more stable and requiring no special storage conditions. The document outlines factors that affect niosome preparation such as the surfactant type and ratio, drug properties, and addition of cholesterol. Several methods for preparing niosomes are also described, including film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and microfluidization. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and offer benefits like controlled release, increased drug stability and bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery.
This presentation discusses using resealed erythrocytes as drug carriers. Erythrocytes are attractive carriers as they are biocompatible and can carry a broad spectrum of drugs while avoiding toxicity. Drugs can be loaded into erythrocytes through hypotonic lysis or endocytosis methods. Loaded erythrocytes are then resealed and characterized. They provide benefits like prolonged drug release and targeting to specific sites. Applications include delivering enzymes, drugs, and targeting the liver or reticuloendothelial system. Resealed erythrocytes show potential as a drug delivery system.
Implants are cylindrical, monolithic devices of millimeter or centimeter dimensions, implanted into the subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue by an minor surgical incision or injected through a large bore needle; and release the incorporated drug in a controlled manner, allowing the adjustment of release rates over extended periods of time, ranging from several days up to one year.
drug execipent compatibilty studies is of prime importance for the better formulation of the new drug and also for reducing cost by verfication of the data at the earlier atage.
this presentation will give the brief explanation of the goal, importance, dteps involve to studi the drug execient compatibility studies with different examples suitable accordiingly.
Self Nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)Sagar Savale
This document provides a review of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). SNEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants that can spontaneously form nanoemulsions with particle sizes less than 100nm when exposed to aqueous media like gastrointestinal fluids. SNEDDS can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The review discusses the components, mechanisms, advantages, and applications of SNEDDS for enhancing drug solubility and absorption. Key advantages of SNEDDS include improved drug dissolution and absorption rates due to their small particle size and large surface area. SNEDDS are particularly suitable for delivery of BCS Class II and IV drugs.
Recent innovation in liquid dosage form 1by sachinSachin Prajapati
The document summarizes recent innovations in oral liquid formulations, including suspensions and emulsions at the nano and micro scale. It discusses nano suspensions, micro suspensions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions and multiple emulsions. For each formulation type, it provides definitions, methods of preparation, advantages and examples of drugs where these formulations have improved solubility, bioavailability and onset of action. The key benefits of these advanced oral liquid formulations are improving the delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
New microsoft office power point presentationMayuri Yadav
This document provides an introduction and overview of nanosuspensions for pharmaceutical applications. It was prepared by Mayuri B. Yadav and guided by Prof. Dr. S. N. Dhole of Modern College of Pharmacy in Pune, India. The document defines nanosuspensions and discusses their advantages such as improved bioavailability. It also outlines various preparation methods including media milling, high pressure homogenization, and the use of emulsions or microemulsions as templates. Evaluation parameters for nanosuspensions and some currently marketed formulations are also mentioned. The applications and conclusion state that nanosuspensions can effectively deliver poorly soluble drugs.
This document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), which are a promising drug delivery system. SLNs consist of nanoparticles made of physiological lipids that can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The document outlines several preparation methods for SLNs, including high pressure homogenization and ultrasonication. It also discusses the advantages of SLNs, such as their small size, high drug loading capacity, and avoidance of organic solvents, as well as some limitations. Overall, the document presents an overview of SLNs for use as a versatile drug delivery system.
This document provides information about drug nanocrystals including their definition, properties, preparation methods, applications, and case studies. It defines drug nanocrystals as pure solid drug particles with a mean diameter below 1000 nm. The main preparation methods described are media milling, high-pressure homogenization, and precipitation. Applications discussed include oral, ophthalmic, parenteral, and respiratory drug delivery due to properties like increased dissolution velocity and saturation solubility from smaller particle size. Two case studies on valasartan and simvastatin nanocrystals are also summarized.
This document discusses the development and evaluation of nanosuspensions to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. It begins by explaining the challenges of oral delivery for class II and IV drugs in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System due to their poor solubility. Several techniques to overcome poor solubility are then reviewed, including particle size reduction through nanosuspension formation. The key methods of preparing nanosuspensions - media milling, high pressure homogenization, and homogenization in nonaqueous media - are described in detail. Media milling uses high shear forces to break down drug particles, while high pressure homogenization applies intense pressures. Homogenization in nonaqueous media avoids issues with water by using alternative
This document provides an overview of nanosuspensions. It defines nanosuspensions as colloidal dispersions of nanosized drug particles stabilized by surfactants with particle sizes less than 1 micrometer. The key benefits of nanosuspensions are improved dissolution velocity, saturation solubility, and bioavailability for poorly soluble drugs. Common preparation methods include wet milling, high pressure homogenization, and precipitation with a compressed antisolvent. Characterization techniques involve measuring particle size, zeta potential, crystal morphology, and dissolution. Nanosuspensions can enhance bioavailability and enable targeted and controlled drug delivery through various administration routes.
Rahul Molla's document discusses recent advances in nanosponges as a drug delivery system. Nanosponges are porous polymeric particles that can be used for controlled drug delivery through various routes of administration including topical, oral, and parenteral. The document outlines the advantages of nanosponges such as increased drug solubility and controlled release as well as factors that influence nanosponge formulation and common preparation methods. Evaluation techniques for nanosponges including particle size, drug loading efficiency, and in vitro drug release are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses applications of nanosponges in cancer therapy, topical drug delivery, and antiviral delivery.
The document discusses various techniques for enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It begins by explaining the importance of drug solubility for bioavailability and effectiveness. The main techniques discussed include reducing particle size through methods like micronization and nanosuspensions. It also covers modifying the crystal structure of drugs through polymorphism, amorphism, and changing hydration states. The document provides details on methods like sonocrystallization and supercritical fluid processing for size reduction.
The document discusses various techniques for enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It begins by explaining the importance of drug solubility for bioavailability and outlines several techniques, including physical modifications like reducing particle size and modifying crystal forms, chemical modifications like changing pH, and forming complexes with agents. A key technique is using surfactants to create microemulsions that can solubilize drugs and enhance permeability across biological membranes. Overall, the techniques aim to increase surface area, modify crystal energy states, or alter a drug's chemistry to improve its solubility.
Challenges in trancorneal drug deliveryBibin Mathew
Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the challenging endeavors which is being faced by the pharmaceutical scientist, owing to the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye, that renders it impervious to foreign substances. Topical administration of ophthalmic medications is the most common method for treating conditions that affect the exterior parts of the eye. The unique anatomy and physiology of the eye makes it difficult to achieve an effective drug concentration at the target site. Therefore, the major challenge remains to efficiently deliver a drug past the protective ocular barriers accompanied with a minimization of its systemic side effects.Conventional eye drops currently account for more than 90% of the marketed ophthalmic formulations. However, after instillation of an eye drop, only a small amount of the applied drug penetrates the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues, which is due to the rapid and extensive precorneal loss caused by drainage and high tear fluid turn-over. Tear drainage leads to absorption of the administered dose by the nasolacrimal duct, leading to side effects. As a consequence of the precorneal loss, the ocular bioavailability is usually less than 10%. Furthermore, rapid elimination of the eye drops administered often results in a short duration of action which leads to increase in frequency of administration.
A medication is applied to the eye to treat the diseases on the surface of the eye such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratitis sicca, as well as to provide intraocular treatment through the cornea for diseases such as glaucoma and uveitis. Topical administration of antibacterial medication to the conjunctival sac is usually an effective avenue for treating bacterial conjunctivitis.[2]
An ideal topical drug delivery system should possess the following characteristics:
1. Good corneal and conjunctival penetration.
2. Prolonged precorneal residence time.
3. Easy instillation.
4. Appropriate rheological properties.
This document provides an overview of nanosuspensions for drug delivery. It discusses the characteristics of nanosuspensions including improved solubility and stability issues related to particle agglomeration. Methods for manufacturing nanosuspensions like high-pressure homogenization and media milling are described. The document outlines how formulation considerations include the choice of stabilizers and solvents. A variety of applications for nanosuspensions in fields such as pulmonary drug delivery are presented. Recent advances in targeted delivery and commercially available nanosuspension products are also summarized.
This document discusses nanoparticles for drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and their goals in drug delivery. It then describes different types of nanoparticles including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and polymeric nanoparticles. The document provides details on the composition, size and applications of SLNs and polymeric nanoparticles. It discusses methods for preparing SLNs and polymeric nanoparticles and provides examples of their use in cancer therapy, vaccines, and other therapeutic applications.
Nanoparticles targetted drug delivery systemshashankc10
This document discusses different types of nanoparticles used for pharmaceutical applications. It begins by defining nanoparticles as structures between 1-100 nm in size. It then discusses various types of nanoparticles including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), and nanocrystals. SLNs are described as 10-1000 nm particles composed of solid lipids and surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. PNPs are similarly sized particles composed of polymeric matrices that can encapsulate or absorb drugs. The document discusses various pharmaceutical applications of these nanoparticles including cancer therapy, drug delivery, and increased drug solubility.
A PHARMACEUTICAL NANOSUSPENSION IS DEFINED AS: “Very finely dispers solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicale for either oral and topical use or parenteral and pulmonary administration.
This document discusses nanoemulsions, which are thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil, water, and surfactant that have droplet sizes between 5-200nm. Nanoemulsions can be oil-in-water, water-in-oil, or bi-continuous. They have advantages over other formulations like increased absorption and bioavailability. Key factors in preparation include choosing surfactants to achieve low interfacial tension and using high pressure homogenization or microfluidization. Nanoemulsions can be characterized through methods like conductivity measurements, light scattering, and in vitro drug permeation studies. Applications include parenteral, oral, topical, ocular, and pulmonary delivery as well as use
sterile product and formulation technology presentationKhan Ramiz
This document provides an overview of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), including nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes. It classifies and defines each system. Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized structures that can encapsulate or attach drugs. Liposomes are bilayer vesicles that encapsulate drugs in an aqueous core. Niosomes are similar to liposomes but composed of non-ionic surfactants. The document discusses preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of each delivery system to improve drug targeting and therapeutic effects.
Nanoparticles are solid particles between 10-1000nm that can be used to deliver drugs in the body. Drugs can be dissolved, entrapped, or attached to nanoparticles, which are either amorphous or crystalline. Nanoparticles provide controlled drug release and can target delivery in the body. They are prepared using methods like solvent evaporation, spontaneous emulsification, and ionic gelation that disperse polymers or ionically crosslink polymers to form the nanoparticles.
This document provides an introduction to liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous volume. They have advantages like controlled drug delivery but also disadvantages like drug leakage. SLNs are colloidal carriers 50nm-1um in size made of physiological lipids. Compared to liposomes and polymers, SLNs have benefits like low toxicity, but challenges like drug loading capacity. The document describes characteristics, applications, preparation methods and characterization of liposomes and SLNs.
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Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
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Swapnil nanosuspension ppt
1. A Seminar On Recent Innovations In Liquid Dosage Form-II Presented By: SWAPNIL SANGHAVI Roll No. : 15 Sem-II, M.Pharm. Department Of Pharmaceutics, Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar. 1
3. MORE THAN 40% OF DRUGS ARE POORELY SOLUBLE IN WATER, SO THEY SHOW PROBLEMS IN FORMULATING THEM IN CONVENTIONAL DOSAGE FORMS. FOR CLASS II DRUGS (e.g.-Itraconazole & Carbamazepine), WHICH ARE POORELY SOLUBLE IN AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC MEDIA, THE PROBLEM IS MORE COMPLEX. VARIOUS APPROACHES TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS OF LOW SOLUBILITY AND LOW BIOAVAILABILITY - MICRONIZATION, CO-SOLVANCY, OILY SOLUTION, SALT FORMATION - SOME OTHER TECHNIQUES ARE LIPOSOMES, EMULSIONS, MICROEMULSION, SOLID DISPERSION, ß- CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX ETC. MANY OF THESE TECHNIQUES ARE NOT UNIVERSALLY APPLICABLE TO ALL DRUGS OR ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO DRUGS WHICH ARE NOT SOLUBLE IN BOTH AQUEOUS & ORGANIC MEDIA. A DIFFERENT BUT SIMPLE APPROACH IS NEEDED TO TACKLE THE FORMULATION PROBLEM TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICACY AND TO OPTIMIZE THE THERAPY WITH RESPECT TO PHARMACOKINETICS 3 NANOSUSPENSION
4. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension is defined as very finely dispersed solid drug particles in an aqueous or organic vehicle for either oral and topical use or parenteral and pulmonary administration. The particle size distribution of the solid particles in nanosuspensions is usually less than one micron with an average particle size ranging between 200 and 600 nm. Nanosuspensions differ from nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are commonly polymeric colloidal carriers of drugs whereas solid lipid nanoparticles are lipidic carriers of drugs. In nanosuspension technology, the drug is maintained in the required crystalline state with reduced particle size, leading to an increased dissolution rate and therefore improved bioavailability. 4 Nanosuspension:
7. Main advantage is the use of simple and low cost equipments. Basic challenge is that during the precipitation procedure growing of the crystals need to be controlled by addition of surfactant to avoid formation of microparticles. Limitation of this precipitation technique is that the drug needs to be soluble in at least one solvent and the solvent needs to be miscible with non-solvent. Moreover, It is not applicable to the drugs, which are poorly soluble in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. 7
9. Media Milling The nanosuspensions are prepared by using high shear media mills. The milling chamber charged with milling media, water, drug & stabilizer is rotated at very high shear rate under controlled temp. for 2-7 days. The milling medium is composed of glass, zirconium oxide or highly cross-linked polystyrene resin. The high energy shear forces are generated as a result of impaction of milling media with the drug resulting into breaking of microparticulate drug to nanosized particles. The major concern with this method is the residues of milling media remaining in the finished product could be problematic for administration 9
10. ADVANTAGES OF MEDIA MILLING applicable to the drugs that are poorly soluble in both aqueous and organic media. Very dilute as well as highly concentrated nanosuspensions can be prepared by handling 1mg/ml to 400mg/ml drug quantity. DISADVANTAGES OF MEDIA MILLING 1. Nanosuspensions contaminated with materials eroded from balls may be problematic when it is used for long therapy. 2. The media milling technique is time consuming. 3. Some fractions of particles are in the micrometer range. 4. Scale up is not easy due to mill size and weight. 10
11. High pressure Homogenisation in Water (Dissocubes) The instrument can be operated at pressure varying from 100 – 1500 bars (2800 –21300psi) and up to 2000 bars with volume capacity of 40ml (for laboratory scale). Have to be started with micronized drug particle size less than 25μ to prevent blocking of homogenization gap. So it is essential to prepare a presuspension of the micronized drug in a surfactant solution using high speed stirrer. 11
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13. In the homogenization gap, according to Bernoulli’s equation, the dynamic pressure of the fluid increases with the simultaneous decrease in static pressure below the boiling point of water at room temperature.High pressure homogenizer 12
14. - water starts boiling at room temperature, leading to the formation of gas bubbles, which implode when the suspension leaves the gap (called Cavitation) and normal air pressure is reached again. - The implosion forces are sufficiently high to break down the drug microparticles into nanoparticles. - Additionally, the collision of the particles at high speed helps to achieve the nano-sizing of the drug. 13
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16. Ease of scale-up and little batch-to-batch variation
17. Narrow size distribution of the nanoparticulate drug present in the final product.
18. Allows aseptic production of nanosuspensions for parenteral administration.
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20. Prerequisite of suspension formation using high-speed mixers before subjecting it to homogenization14
21. Homogenisation In Nonaqueous Media (Nanopure) The drugs that are chemically labile can be processed in such non-aqueous media or water-miscible liquids like polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG), PEG1000 etc. The homogenization can be done at room temperature, 0o C and below freezing point (-20o C). 15
22. Combined Precipitation And Homogenization (Nanoedege) Continues to grow till microcrystal size Precipitated drug particles (nanosize desired) So the precipitated particle suspension is subsequently homogenized which preserve the particle size obtained after the precipitation step. 16
24. Evaluation of Nanosuspensions In-Vitro Evaluation -Particle size & Size Distribution -Particle Charge (Zeta potential) -Crystalline state & Morphology -Saturation Solubility & Dissolution Velocity In- Vivo Evaluation -Surface Hydrophobicity -Interaction with Body Protein 18
26. Particle Charge ( zeta potential) Gives idea about physical stability of the Nanosuspension Electrostatically stabilized nanosuspension >+30 eV Electrostatic & Steric stabilization >+20eV 20
27. Crystalline State and Particle Morphology Differential Scanning Calorimetry Crystalline Structure Change in physical state and extent of amorphous drug. X- Ray Diffraction 21 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
28. Saturation solubility & Dissolution Velocity blood profiles, plasma peaks, bioavailability Help to anticipate In-vivo performance 22
30. e.g.: IMPROVED BIOAVAILABILITY 1) Atovaquone 10-15% bioavailable high dose (750mg, twice a day) NANOSUSPENSION 2.5 FOLD INCREASE IN BIOAVAILABILITY 2) Danazole poorly soluble gonadotropin inhibitor Marketed Suspension(Danocrine) 5.2% Bioavailability NANOSUSPENSION 82.5% BIOAVAILABILITY QUICK ONSET OF ACTION: 3) NAPROXEN, an NSAID 24 Swapnil Sanghavi
31. 2) Parenteral Applications: Since the drug particles are directly nanosized, it becomes easy to process almost all drugs for parenteral administration. Moreover, the absence of any harsh solvents/co-solvents and/or any potentially toxic ingredient in nanosuspensions enables them to bypass the limitations of parenteral administration attributed to conventional formulations strategies. Hence, nanosuspensions enable significant improvement in the parenterally tolerable dose of the drug, leading to a reduction in the cost of the therapy and also improved therapeutic performance 25
32. e.g. : 1)The maximum tolerable dose of paclitaxel nanosuspension was found to be three times higher than the currently marketed Taxol, which uses Cremophore EL and ethanol to solubilize the drug. Paclitaxel nanosuspensions at doses of 90 and 100mg/kg showed no cases of death , whereas Taxol at a concentration of 30mg/ kg showed a 22% death rate. 26
33. OCULAR APPLICATIONS: Nanosuspensions, by their inherent ability to improve the saturation solubility of the drug, represent an ideal approach for ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, the nanoparticulate nature of the drug allows its prolonged residence in the cul-de-sac, giving sustained release of the drug. To achieve sustained release of the drug for a stipulated time period, nanosuspensions can be incorporated in a suitable hydrogel base or mucoadhesive base or even in ocular inserts. 27
34. PULMONRARY APPLICATIONS: The nanoparticulate nature of the drug allows the rapid diffusion and dissolution of the drug at the site of action. At the same time, the increased adhesiveness of the drug to mucosal surfaces offers a prolonged residence time for the drug at the absorption site. This ability of nanosuspensions to offer quick onset of action initially and then controlled release of the active moiety is highly beneficial and is required by most pulmonary diseases e.g.: Budesonide, a poorly water-soluble corticosteroid, has been successfully formulated as a nanosuspension for pulmonary delivery 28
37. 31 MICROSUSPENSION (?) Microsuspension® is a registered trademark used for Aqueous Solutions Sold As a Component of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Preparations For Use In the Treatment of Respiratory Disease In Livestock and owned by G. C. Hanford Manufacturing Company. Drug is in micro size range. No significant advantages over the macrosuspension or Nanosuspension. Same methods of preparation as the Nanosuspension.
39. REFERENCES Jiraporn CHINGUNPITUK, Nanosuspension Technology for Drug Delivery, Walailak J Sci & Tech 2007; 4(2): 139-153. V. B. Patravale, Abhijit A. Date and R. M. Kulkarni, Nanosuspensions: a promising drug delivery strategy JPP 2004, 56: 827–840 Rong Liu Water-Insoluble Drug Formulation Second Edition, page no. 122-123 Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, edited by Ram B. Gupta and Uday B. Kompella 33
40. 34 What the caterpillar calls THE END, Butterfly calls it….THE BEGINNING !!! SWAPNIL M. SANGHAVI NPC, VISNAGAR