This presentation will tell you about nanodentistry, recent advances and their applications in Prosthodontics. After listening this presentation, a dentist will be enlightened about nanodentistry and its role in Prosthodontics.

1. Nanodentistry: Recent advances
and their applications in
Prosthodontics
DR AJAI MOHAN SINGH
MDS
CONSULTANT
DEPT OF DENTISTRY,
TATA MAIN HOSPITAL
Paper Code:
Registration No. 1480

2. Objectives
1. to familiarize you with nanodentistry,
2. recent advances in Nano dentistry and
3. applications of nanodentistry in Prosthodontics.
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3. Definitions
 Nanotechnologies - are the design, characterization, production, and
application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at
nanometer scale.*
 Nanodentistry- The science and technology of diagnosing, treating and
preventing oral and dental diseases, relieving pain, preserving and improving
dental health by using nanostructured material.$
 A nanometer is equal to 100th crore of a meter; a billionth of a meter or 10-9 meter.
Ref
* The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering- “Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties” (2004)
$ J. Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013 Jan-Jun; 4(1): 39–44. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.107258
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4. Nanomaterials
 These nanomaterials have size from 1 nm to 100 nm & include clusters of atom,
grains, fibers, films, crystals, nano-holes and nanotubes.
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Titanium fibre matrix
Titanium nanotubulesNanoholesNanocrystals
Graphene

5. Classification of nanomaterials
Nanomaterial will extend beyond 100 nm limit in at least one dimension.
 Four Classes:
1. Zero dimensional- nanomaterial’s size is limited to 100 nm in all dimensions.
2. One dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in one dimension; e. g. nanofilms
and nanofoils.
3. Two-dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in two dimensions; e. g. carbon
nanotubes.
4. Three-dimensional- extend beyond 100 nm in three dimensions; e. g. quantum
dots, nanoshells, and dendrimers.
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6. Approach to nanomaterial manufacturing
1. Top-down approach –is reducing the size
of existing structure down to a nanoscale
level.
2. Bottom-up approach –is assembling the
individual atoms and molecules into
nanomaterial.
3. Functional approach –does not consider
the method of production of a
nanoparticle; rather it values on the
production of nanoparticles with a
specific function.
Ref: J Clin Exp Dent. 2012;4(2):e119-24.
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7. Bottom up approach-fabrication of Carbon nanotube
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8. Nanomaterials used in Prosthodontics
 Nanoimpression materials
 Nano ceramics
 Dental Implants
 Nano glass ionomer cements
 Denture base nanoresins
 Nanocomposite denture teeth
 Disinfectants
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9. Nano impression material
 Addition silicon Vinylpolysiloxane impression material when integrated with nano
fillers provide following advantages
1. Better flow
2. Improved hydrophilic properties
3. Lesser voids at margins
4. High tear strength
5. Resistance to distortion & heat
6. Snap set-reduces error by micromovement
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10. Nanohydroxyapatite
 Biologically inspired rosette nanotubules and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite can be
used as bone substitute.
 The nano-hydroxyapatite rods have been used to synthesise the human enamel.
Source: Udhayakumar, G., Muthukumarasamy, N., Velauthapillai, D. et al. Appl. Phys. A (2017) 123: 655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1248-z
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E.g. Ostim ® (osartis GmbH Germany) HA; VITOSS ® (orthovita Inc, USA) HA+ TCP; - NanOssTM (Angstrom
Medica ,USA) HA

11. Nano ceramics
 Alumina nano particles used as ultra fine polishing agent and as nanofillers in
composite restorative materials.
 Silica- ultra fine polising agent, used as nanofillers in composite restorative
materials.
 Zirconia (Zirconoium dioxide) ZrO2 – highly osteoconducive for odontoblast
and is also being used as nanofiller.
 Lithium Disilicate porcelain- Crown and bridge.
Examples: Lava ultimate silica (20 nm) Ziconia (4-11 nm),
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12. Dental Implants
 Attache nanotubes, beads to the
implant surfaces.
 Spray TiO2 plasma or blast Al2O3, or
to acid etch the implant surfaces.
 Surface coating with nontextured
titanium, nanohydroxyapatite or
pharmacological agents like
Bisphosphonates.
 Surface modification improves
implant properties- chemistry that will
help osseointegration & success of a
dental implant.
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13. Nano glass ionomer cements
 Nano glass ionomer cements are constituted by dispersible nanoparticles which can be added
to various solvents, in which they are dispersed homogenously.
 Advantages:
1. Higher dentine and enamel bond strength
2. High stress absorption
3. Longer shelf life
4. Durable marginal seal No separate etching required
5. Fluoride release
Example : Adper Single Bond Plus Adhesive (3M) (10% wt. Silane treated 5 nm spherical silica)
Ref: Dr. Ifzah, Dr. Zain Patel NANODENTISTRY- A Review Volume 4 Issue VIII, August 2016 www.ijraset.com Accessed on 11/10/2018
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Figure demonstrates the
difference in suspension stability
between the nanoparticles in
Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive
and the much larger particles
averaging 0.4 microns in
diameter in Optibond Solo Plus™
adhesive (filled 15% by weight).

14. Nanocomposites
 The nanofillers used in nanocomposites include an aluminosilicate powder with a
mean particle size of 80nm and a 1:4 M ratio of alumina to silica and a refractive
index of 1.508.
 Advantages:
o High filler loading
o Increased hardness.
o Improved flexural strength, toughness and translucency.
o Decreased polymerization shrinkage (50%).
o High polish retention
o Desirable handling characteristics
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15. Nano denture base resins
 Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles when added as pigments
in PMMA, provide colour of the gingiva.
 Low porosity and prevent the adherence of Candida Albicans.
 Addition of carbon nanotubes provide superior strength.
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

16. Artificial denture teeth
Artificial denture teeth made up of PMMA containing nanofillers have following
advantages:
 Superior surface hardness and wear resistance
 Highly polish able
 Stain and impact resistant
 Lively surface structure
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17. Disinfectant-Engineered Water Nano Structure
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• Water droplets are brought down to 25
nm size.
• Charged with electrons and reactive
oxygen species.
• EWNS highly mobile and can interact
with pathogens both in air and on
surface.
Ref:https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/EN/C3EN00007A#!divAbstract accessed on 13_11-2018

18. Thank you
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