This document discusses several types of benign aggressive bone tumors, including giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma, and osteoblastoma. It provides details on the incidence, location, clinical presentation, radiological features, biopsy results, histopathology, grading, management options such as curettage and bone grafting, and complications like recurrence for each tumor type. Giant cell tumor is the most common, usually affecting long bones around the knee, and can be graded based on radiological features and staging systems to determine treatment approach and prognosis.
Bone tumours and principles of limb salvage surgeryPaudel Sushil
This document discusses various types of bone tumors including benign and malignant lesions. It covers topics such as hyperplasia, metaplasia, anaplasia, neoplasia, and the TNM classification system. Various bone forming, cartilage, fibrogenic, round cell, vascular, and miscellaneous tumors and tumor-like lesions are described. The principles of limb salvage surgery for extremity sarcomas are also mentioned.
This document provides information about orthopedic oncology and bone tumors. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of both benign and malignant bone tumors. The main types of bone tumors discussed are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and biopsy. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant, and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or limb salvage versus amputation for malignant tumors. Prognosis and recovery depend on tumor type and treatment received.
The document discusses three benign bone tumors: osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, and fibrous dysplasia. Osteoid osteoma is a tiny benign bone tumor less than 1 cm in diameter consisting of osteoid and bone. It commonly affects long bones in those under 30 and causes localized pain relieved by aspirin. Osteochondroma is a developmental cartilage-capped bony growth most common in teenagers arising from the ends of long bones. It is usually asymptomatic but can cause pain. Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental disorder replacing bone with fibrous tissue and flecks of bone, most often affecting the femur, tibia and ribs. Large lesions can cause pain or fractures.
This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and treating bone tumors. It covers the three pillars of diagnosis: clinical examination and history, radiology including x-rays and MRI, and histopathological examination (HPE) via biopsy. Key aspects of radiology covered are lesion characteristics, surgical staging, guided biopsy, and follow up. HPE is described as the gold standard for determining the exact nature and approach to the tumor. Overall management involves clinical and radiological staging, histological diagnosis via biopsy, and treatment which may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
This document summarizes information about osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor. It describes the typical presentation as a painful lesion most common in younger males, often located in the femur or tibia. Diagnosis typically involves x-ray, CT scan or bone scan to locate the lesion. While traditionally treated with open surgical excision, minimally invasive techniques like CT-guided percutaneous excision have high success rates with less morbidity.
Bone tumour seminar ,ewing sarcoma, chordoma,Narmada Tiwari
1. Giant cell tumor is an epiphyseal neoplasm composed of stromal cells and giant cells, most commonly affecting people over 20 years old in the lower femur, radius, and upper tibia. Microscopically it shows giant cells with similar nuclei to mononuclear stromal cells.
2. Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant undifferentiated sarcoma most common in children ages 5-20 that typically involves long bones, pelvis and ribs. Microscopically it shows a diffuse growth pattern with monotonous cytology.
3. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone tumor resulting from local developmental arrest, seen as abnormal bone formation with tra
This document discusses several types of benign aggressive bone tumors, including giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma, and osteoblastoma. It provides details on the incidence, location, clinical presentation, radiological features, biopsy results, histopathology, grading, management options such as curettage and bone grafting, and complications like recurrence for each tumor type. Giant cell tumor is the most common, usually affecting long bones around the knee, and can be graded based on radiological features and staging systems to determine treatment approach and prognosis.
Bone tumours and principles of limb salvage surgeryPaudel Sushil
This document discusses various types of bone tumors including benign and malignant lesions. It covers topics such as hyperplasia, metaplasia, anaplasia, neoplasia, and the TNM classification system. Various bone forming, cartilage, fibrogenic, round cell, vascular, and miscellaneous tumors and tumor-like lesions are described. The principles of limb salvage surgery for extremity sarcomas are also mentioned.
This document provides information about orthopedic oncology and bone tumors. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of both benign and malignant bone tumors. The main types of bone tumors discussed are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and biopsy. Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant, and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or limb salvage versus amputation for malignant tumors. Prognosis and recovery depend on tumor type and treatment received.
The document discusses three benign bone tumors: osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, and fibrous dysplasia. Osteoid osteoma is a tiny benign bone tumor less than 1 cm in diameter consisting of osteoid and bone. It commonly affects long bones in those under 30 and causes localized pain relieved by aspirin. Osteochondroma is a developmental cartilage-capped bony growth most common in teenagers arising from the ends of long bones. It is usually asymptomatic but can cause pain. Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental disorder replacing bone with fibrous tissue and flecks of bone, most often affecting the femur, tibia and ribs. Large lesions can cause pain or fractures.
This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and treating bone tumors. It covers the three pillars of diagnosis: clinical examination and history, radiology including x-rays and MRI, and histopathological examination (HPE) via biopsy. Key aspects of radiology covered are lesion characteristics, surgical staging, guided biopsy, and follow up. HPE is described as the gold standard for determining the exact nature and approach to the tumor. Overall management involves clinical and radiological staging, histological diagnosis via biopsy, and treatment which may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
This document summarizes information about osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor. It describes the typical presentation as a painful lesion most common in younger males, often located in the femur or tibia. Diagnosis typically involves x-ray, CT scan or bone scan to locate the lesion. While traditionally treated with open surgical excision, minimally invasive techniques like CT-guided percutaneous excision have high success rates with less morbidity.
Bone tumour seminar ,ewing sarcoma, chordoma,Narmada Tiwari
1. Giant cell tumor is an epiphyseal neoplasm composed of stromal cells and giant cells, most commonly affecting people over 20 years old in the lower femur, radius, and upper tibia. Microscopically it shows giant cells with similar nuclei to mononuclear stromal cells.
2. Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant undifferentiated sarcoma most common in children ages 5-20 that typically involves long bones, pelvis and ribs. Microscopically it shows a diffuse growth pattern with monotonous cytology.
3. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone tumor resulting from local developmental arrest, seen as abnormal bone formation with tra
This document discusses the classification, investigations, and general management of bone tumors. It begins with definitions of tumors and then covers various classification systems for bone tumors including the Duthie-Belhobek-Mark system and WHO classification. Key points of each classification are described. The document also discusses staging of bone tumors using the Enneking and AJCC systems. Common investigations for bone tumors including plain x-rays are outlined. X-ray findings that can help determine the aggressiveness of tumors are described.
This document provides an overview of malignant bone tumors, including their classification, occurrence, imaging appearance, and examples. It discusses several primary malignant bone tumors in detail, including osteosarcoma and multiple myeloma. Osteosarcoma most commonly affects teenagers and young adults, presents as aggressive bone destruction with periosteal reaction on x-ray, and has variable appearances on MRI/CT. Multiple myeloma commonly affects older adults, causes lytic lesions scattered throughout the skeleton appearing as "punched out" areas on x-ray, and MRI is most sensitive for detecting its bone involvement. The document outlines radiographic features that can help characterize and differentiate various malignant bone tumors.
This document provides an overview of the management of primary bone tumors. It discusses the clinical evaluation including history, physical exam, investigations like imaging and biopsy. Treatment options are also outlined, including curettage, amputation, limb-sparing procedures, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Follow-up care to monitor for recurrence or metastasis is also important. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach and dedicated centers have led to improved outcomes for patients with primary bone tumors.
This document provides information on bone tumors and osteosarcoma. It begins with an overview of normal bone anatomy and classifications of bone tumors. It then focuses on osteosarcoma, discussing its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, staging systems, and management. Management involves surgical resection with the goal of limb salvage when possible, as well as pre-operative and post-operative chemotherapy typically involving high-dose methotrexate and other drugs. Response to chemotherapy helps determine prognosis, and radiotherapy may have a limited palliative role.
This document provides information about various bone tumors. It begins by describing the structure of long bones and bone cells. It then classifies bone tumors as either benign or malignant, and lists examples of tumors from bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue and other origins. For each tumor type, it provides details on characteristics such as typical age, location, symptoms, radiological features, pathology and treatment options. Some of the specific bone tumors covered include osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, chondroma, chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor.
This document provides an overview of the approach to diagnosing and treating bone tumors. It discusses the typical clinical features of bone tumors including pain, swelling, neurological symptoms, and pathological fractures. Imaging techniques like x-rays, bone scans, CT scans, and MRI are used to characterize lesions and assess spread. Biopsies are important for determining if tumors are benign or malignant. Treatment depends on the tumor type and stage, and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy with the goals of excision, limb salvage, or amputation.
This document summarizes three cases of hand masses and provides information on common benign and malignant hand tumors. Case I describes a 77-year-old man with a firm mass on his third finger. Case II describes a 55-year-old woman with a cystic mass on her third finger. Case III describes a 43-year-old woman referred for a firm mass on her third finger. The document then reviews common benign tumors like ganglion cysts, giant cell tumors, and epidermal inclusion cysts. It also discusses malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and bone tumors including enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. Diagnostic workup and treatment options are provided
Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor most common in young patients, typically causing pain worsened at night. Radiographs show a small lucent nidus surrounded by reactive sclerosis. CT precisely defines the calcified nidus. MRI demonstrates surrounding bone marrow edema. Treatment involves surgical excision or thermocoagulation of the nidus, providing effective pain relief. A multimodality imaging approach is useful to characterize the lesion and differentiate it from other causes of bone pain.
The document provides an overview of musculoskeletal tumors, including:
- Benign bone tumors are most common, while primary malignant bone tumors are rare but account for 5% of childhood cancers.
- Presentation includes pain, swelling, and pathological fractures. Examination looks for swelling, adenopathy, and metastasis.
- Plain X-rays are used to characterize tumors based on location, margins, destruction pattern, and other features. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
- Treatment involves surgery such as limb salvage or amputation, with reconstruction options. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as adjuvants for malignant tumors.
1) Bone tumours can be benign or malignant and are classified based on features seen on imaging such as location within the bone, pattern of bone destruction, and presence of a periosteal reaction.
2) Imaging plays an important role in evaluating bone tumours and includes plain radiographs, CT, MRI, and bone scans. Biopsy is also important to determine the specific diagnosis.
3) Treatment depends on whether the tumour is benign or malignant but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The surgical margin taken is a key factor in oncology outcomes.
- Bone tumors can be benign, intermediate, or malignant lesions. They are classified based on factors like aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and histological grade.
- Imaging tools like x-rays, CT, MRI, and radionuclide scanning are used to evaluate bone tumors and detect any metastases. Biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis.
- Treatment depends on the type and stage of the bone tumor. It may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. The goal is to make the patient disease-free while preserving function and limb salvage when possible.
Benign bone tumors can be classified based on their location, rate of growth, perioseal reaction, and matrix mineralization. Common cartilage tumors include osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma. Osteochondroma is characterized by a cartilage-capped bony projection and most commonly affects the distal femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia and proximal femur. Enchondroma forms mature hyaline cartilage and typically affects the small tubular bones of the hands and feet. Chondroblastoma presents before skeletal maturity with a sclerotic border and scattered calcifications. Treatment
A 21-year-old male presented with left knee pain for 3 months. Clinical examination found localized tenderness over the distal femur with a full range of motion of the knee joint. CT scan revealed a bull's-eye appearance with a central nidus and surrounding reactive bone, consistent with osteoid osteoma. Conservative treatment with NSAIDs provided no relief. The patient subsequently underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation under CT guidance to treat the osteoid osteoma.
1. Malignant bone tumors are aggressive cancers that rapidly destroy tissue and commonly spread to other areas. They make up about 0.5% of all cancers.
2. The most common malignant bone tumors are metastases from other primary cancers, which account for 70% of cases. Primary bone cancers include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma.
3. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays, CT, and MRI to identify bone destruction and tumor extent. Biopsy is needed for histological examination to determine the tumor type and grade. Treatment depends on the cancer but commonly involves surgery along with chemotherapy and radiation.
This document summarizes malignant bone tumors and bone metastases. It discusses that 70% of malignant bone tumors are metastases from a primary cancer elsewhere, with 30% being primary bone cancers. The most common primary sites that metastasize to bone are lung, prostate, and breast cancers. Bone metastases can be lytic, blastic, or mixed based on whether they cause bone destruction, formation, or a combination. The most common pathways for metastases to reach bone are through the bloodstream via the venous system, especially the Batson's plexus which connects the pelvis and spine. Common symptoms are pain and pathological fractures. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating bone lesions and distinguishing between benign versus malignant etiologies.
This document provides an introduction to bone tumors and giant cell tumors (GCT). It discusses the diagnostic evaluation of bone lesions including history, physical exam, and radiological and biopsy findings. Key radiographic features that help differentiate between benign and malignant lesions are outlined. The document focuses on GCT, describing its typical location in long bones, common symptoms, and characteristic "soap bubble" appearance on x-rays. Diagnosis and various treatment options for GCT, including curettage, bone grafting, resection, and reconstruction techniques are covered.
This document provides an overview of the radiological approach and benign lesions of bone tumors. It discusses the criteria used to characterize tumors as benign or malignant based on radiographic features. It then covers the peak age incidence of different bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. The remainder of the document describes various specific benign bone lesions, organized by type of matrix (e.g. osteogenic, chondrogenic, fibrogenic), and provides details on their characteristics, locations, appearances and associations.
1. Bone tumors require a thorough evaluation including history, physical exam, imaging, biopsy, and staging to determine the appropriate treatment.
2. Key tests involve x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and biopsy to determine the tumor type and stage.
3. Treatment options depend on the tumor but may include chemotherapy, surgery such as limb salvage surgery or amputation, and reconstruction techniques like prosthetics or bone grafts.
This document provides an overview of tumors of bone. It begins with an introduction to bone tumors, classifying them as either primary bone tumors or secondary bone tumors from metastasis. Primary bone tumors are further classified based on the WHO system according to the tissue they arise from, such as bone-forming, cartilage-forming, or other miscellaneous tumors. For each tumor type, the document outlines the typical locations, ages affected, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment options, and potential complications. In summary, it comprehensively reviews the etiology, diagnosis, classification and management of various bone tumors.
This document discusses the classification, investigations, and general management of bone tumors. It begins with definitions of tumors and then covers various classification systems for bone tumors including the Duthie-Belhobek-Mark system and WHO classification. Key points of each classification are described. The document also discusses staging of bone tumors using the Enneking and AJCC systems. Common investigations for bone tumors including plain x-rays are outlined. X-ray findings that can help determine the aggressiveness of tumors are described.
This document provides an overview of malignant bone tumors, including their classification, occurrence, imaging appearance, and examples. It discusses several primary malignant bone tumors in detail, including osteosarcoma and multiple myeloma. Osteosarcoma most commonly affects teenagers and young adults, presents as aggressive bone destruction with periosteal reaction on x-ray, and has variable appearances on MRI/CT. Multiple myeloma commonly affects older adults, causes lytic lesions scattered throughout the skeleton appearing as "punched out" areas on x-ray, and MRI is most sensitive for detecting its bone involvement. The document outlines radiographic features that can help characterize and differentiate various malignant bone tumors.
This document provides an overview of the management of primary bone tumors. It discusses the clinical evaluation including history, physical exam, investigations like imaging and biopsy. Treatment options are also outlined, including curettage, amputation, limb-sparing procedures, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Follow-up care to monitor for recurrence or metastasis is also important. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach and dedicated centers have led to improved outcomes for patients with primary bone tumors.
This document provides information on bone tumors and osteosarcoma. It begins with an overview of normal bone anatomy and classifications of bone tumors. It then focuses on osteosarcoma, discussing its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, staging systems, and management. Management involves surgical resection with the goal of limb salvage when possible, as well as pre-operative and post-operative chemotherapy typically involving high-dose methotrexate and other drugs. Response to chemotherapy helps determine prognosis, and radiotherapy may have a limited palliative role.
This document provides information about various bone tumors. It begins by describing the structure of long bones and bone cells. It then classifies bone tumors as either benign or malignant, and lists examples of tumors from bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue and other origins. For each tumor type, it provides details on characteristics such as typical age, location, symptoms, radiological features, pathology and treatment options. Some of the specific bone tumors covered include osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteochondroma, chondroma, chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor.
This document provides an overview of the approach to diagnosing and treating bone tumors. It discusses the typical clinical features of bone tumors including pain, swelling, neurological symptoms, and pathological fractures. Imaging techniques like x-rays, bone scans, CT scans, and MRI are used to characterize lesions and assess spread. Biopsies are important for determining if tumors are benign or malignant. Treatment depends on the tumor type and stage, and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy with the goals of excision, limb salvage, or amputation.
This document summarizes three cases of hand masses and provides information on common benign and malignant hand tumors. Case I describes a 77-year-old man with a firm mass on his third finger. Case II describes a 55-year-old woman with a cystic mass on her third finger. Case III describes a 43-year-old woman referred for a firm mass on her third finger. The document then reviews common benign tumors like ganglion cysts, giant cell tumors, and epidermal inclusion cysts. It also discusses malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and bone tumors including enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. Diagnostic workup and treatment options are provided
Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor most common in young patients, typically causing pain worsened at night. Radiographs show a small lucent nidus surrounded by reactive sclerosis. CT precisely defines the calcified nidus. MRI demonstrates surrounding bone marrow edema. Treatment involves surgical excision or thermocoagulation of the nidus, providing effective pain relief. A multimodality imaging approach is useful to characterize the lesion and differentiate it from other causes of bone pain.
The document provides an overview of musculoskeletal tumors, including:
- Benign bone tumors are most common, while primary malignant bone tumors are rare but account for 5% of childhood cancers.
- Presentation includes pain, swelling, and pathological fractures. Examination looks for swelling, adenopathy, and metastasis.
- Plain X-rays are used to characterize tumors based on location, margins, destruction pattern, and other features. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
- Treatment involves surgery such as limb salvage or amputation, with reconstruction options. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used as adjuvants for malignant tumors.
1) Bone tumours can be benign or malignant and are classified based on features seen on imaging such as location within the bone, pattern of bone destruction, and presence of a periosteal reaction.
2) Imaging plays an important role in evaluating bone tumours and includes plain radiographs, CT, MRI, and bone scans. Biopsy is also important to determine the specific diagnosis.
3) Treatment depends on whether the tumour is benign or malignant but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The surgical margin taken is a key factor in oncology outcomes.
- Bone tumors can be benign, intermediate, or malignant lesions. They are classified based on factors like aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and histological grade.
- Imaging tools like x-rays, CT, MRI, and radionuclide scanning are used to evaluate bone tumors and detect any metastases. Biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis.
- Treatment depends on the type and stage of the bone tumor. It may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. The goal is to make the patient disease-free while preserving function and limb salvage when possible.
Benign bone tumors can be classified based on their location, rate of growth, perioseal reaction, and matrix mineralization. Common cartilage tumors include osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma. Osteochondroma is characterized by a cartilage-capped bony projection and most commonly affects the distal femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia and proximal femur. Enchondroma forms mature hyaline cartilage and typically affects the small tubular bones of the hands and feet. Chondroblastoma presents before skeletal maturity with a sclerotic border and scattered calcifications. Treatment
A 21-year-old male presented with left knee pain for 3 months. Clinical examination found localized tenderness over the distal femur with a full range of motion of the knee joint. CT scan revealed a bull's-eye appearance with a central nidus and surrounding reactive bone, consistent with osteoid osteoma. Conservative treatment with NSAIDs provided no relief. The patient subsequently underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation under CT guidance to treat the osteoid osteoma.
1. Malignant bone tumors are aggressive cancers that rapidly destroy tissue and commonly spread to other areas. They make up about 0.5% of all cancers.
2. The most common malignant bone tumors are metastases from other primary cancers, which account for 70% of cases. Primary bone cancers include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma.
3. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays, CT, and MRI to identify bone destruction and tumor extent. Biopsy is needed for histological examination to determine the tumor type and grade. Treatment depends on the cancer but commonly involves surgery along with chemotherapy and radiation.
This document summarizes malignant bone tumors and bone metastases. It discusses that 70% of malignant bone tumors are metastases from a primary cancer elsewhere, with 30% being primary bone cancers. The most common primary sites that metastasize to bone are lung, prostate, and breast cancers. Bone metastases can be lytic, blastic, or mixed based on whether they cause bone destruction, formation, or a combination. The most common pathways for metastases to reach bone are through the bloodstream via the venous system, especially the Batson's plexus which connects the pelvis and spine. Common symptoms are pain and pathological fractures. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating bone lesions and distinguishing between benign versus malignant etiologies.
This document provides an introduction to bone tumors and giant cell tumors (GCT). It discusses the diagnostic evaluation of bone lesions including history, physical exam, and radiological and biopsy findings. Key radiographic features that help differentiate between benign and malignant lesions are outlined. The document focuses on GCT, describing its typical location in long bones, common symptoms, and characteristic "soap bubble" appearance on x-rays. Diagnosis and various treatment options for GCT, including curettage, bone grafting, resection, and reconstruction techniques are covered.
This document provides an overview of the radiological approach and benign lesions of bone tumors. It discusses the criteria used to characterize tumors as benign or malignant based on radiographic features. It then covers the peak age incidence of different bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. The remainder of the document describes various specific benign bone lesions, organized by type of matrix (e.g. osteogenic, chondrogenic, fibrogenic), and provides details on their characteristics, locations, appearances and associations.
1. Bone tumors require a thorough evaluation including history, physical exam, imaging, biopsy, and staging to determine the appropriate treatment.
2. Key tests involve x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and biopsy to determine the tumor type and stage.
3. Treatment options depend on the tumor but may include chemotherapy, surgery such as limb salvage surgery or amputation, and reconstruction techniques like prosthetics or bone grafts.
This document provides an overview of tumors of bone. It begins with an introduction to bone tumors, classifying them as either primary bone tumors or secondary bone tumors from metastasis. Primary bone tumors are further classified based on the WHO system according to the tissue they arise from, such as bone-forming, cartilage-forming, or other miscellaneous tumors. For each tumor type, the document outlines the typical locations, ages affected, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment options, and potential complications. In summary, it comprehensively reviews the etiology, diagnosis, classification and management of various bone tumors.
Benigntumorsinorthopaedics 141225104145-conversion-gate02 D. HAIFA MELOUDIRat Hanter
1) Bone tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous but can weaken bone, while malignant bone cancer destroys tissue and spreads.
2) Common benign bone tumors of the hand include enchondromas, osteochondromas, osteoid osteomas, and giant cell tumors. Malignant tumors include chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma.
3) Tumors are diagnosed through imaging like x-rays and biopsy. Benign tumors are typically treated with surgery like curettage while malignant tumors may require chemotherapy, wide excision, and reconstruction or amputation.
Dr. Ledian Fezollari's document discusses bone tumors. It begins by stating that primary malignant bone tumors make up 1% of all cancers and the most common bone tumor is metastases from other sites. The WHO classification of bone tumors is mentioned. Clinical presentation depends on age, with most benign tumors in children and myeloma most common over age 70. Investigations include imaging like radiography, CT, MRI, and biopsy. Treatment depends on tumor type and stage, and may involve chemotherapy, surgery such as limb salvage or amputation, and radiotherapy.
Dr. Ledian Fezollari discusses bone tumors in a document covering their classification, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment. Some key points:
- Primary malignant bone tumors make up 1% of all cancers but secondary bone tumors from other sites are more common.
- Presentation depends on age, with childhood cancers like osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma more common. Myeloma is the most common bone tumor in those over 70.
- Investigations include imaging like x-rays, CT and MRI to determine location and extent of the tumor. Biopsies are also important.
- Treatment depends on tumor type and stage but may include chemotherapy, surgery like limb salvage procedures
Benign bone tumors can be divided into several categories based on their histology. Osteoid osteoma is a common benign bone forming tumor that typically presents as pain worse at night in young patients and is diagnosed based on characteristic imaging findings. Giant cell tumor is a benign but aggressive bone forming tumor that commonly affects the knee and may be associated with pathological fractures or lung metastases. Enchondromas are common benign cartilage lesions that usually appear as punctate calcifications on imaging. Aneurysmal bone cyst is a locally destructive cystic lesion most common in children and adolescents that typically appears as an expansile lytic lesion with fluid levels on imaging.
This document provides an overview of giant cell tumor, a type of benign bone tumor. It discusses the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigations, grading, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Giant cell tumor commonly involves the ends of long bones and is locally aggressive, destroying bone tissue. While benign, it can occasionally metastasize. Treatment typically involves curettage with the use of adjuvants like phenol or bone cement to reduce the high risk of recurrence. Reconstruction of residual defects is often done with bone grafts or cement.
Benign tumors of bone can exhibit a variety of behaviors requiring different treatment options. While most have no known cause, a few are associated with genetic syndromes or conditions. They are classified based on characteristics like behavior, tissue type, and whether they affect one or multiple bones. Diagnosis involves history, exam, imaging like x-rays and MRI to identify location and features. If still uncertain, biopsy may be needed to confirm but should be done carefully after other evaluation to avoid problems for future treatment if needed.
The document discusses several types of primary bone cancers. It focuses on chondrosarcoma, which arises from cartilage and most commonly affects the pelvis and femur in older adults. The document outlines diagnostic evaluation, staging, histologic grading, and treatment approaches including wide local excision and adjuvant therapies for chondrosarcoma. Prognosis depends on tumor grade and location. Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma are also discussed as well as giant cell tumor of bone.
This document discusses and compares four common bone tumors/lesions: osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, and nonossifying fibromas. It covers their epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and characteristic radiographic appearances. Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer most common in adolescents. Osteoid osteoma causes pain relieved by aspirin and has a radiographic "nidus." Osteochondromas are bony outgrowths often on long bones. Nonossifying fibromas are asymptomatic bone lesions usually resolving by adolescence. Radiography plays a key role in diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of benign bone tumors. It discusses that most bone tumors are benign and seen in patients under 30 years old. A new bone tumor in the elderly is more likely to be malignant. Biopsy is the most conclusive test for diagnosis as it confirms if a tumor is malignant or benign. Common benign bone tumors mentioned include osteoid osteoma, bone islands, chondromas, osteochondromas, fibrous dysplasia, non-ossifying fibromas, aneurysmal bone cysts, and hemangiomas. Treatment depends on the specific tumor but may include observation, biopsy, curettage, bone grafting, or surgery. Radiology can provide important information on tumor location, growth
Simple and aneurysmal Bone cyst - Definition, Classfication, Investigations, ...orthoslides
This document provides information on simple bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts. Simple bone cysts typically occur in children before bone growth plates close and present as asymptomatic lesions. Aneurysmal bone cysts can occur at any age and commonly present with pain, swelling, or fracture. They appear multilocular on imaging with fluid-fluid levels. Both lesions are benign but aneurysmal bone cysts have a higher recurrence rate after treatment with curettage and grafting due to their vascular nature.
1. Benign bone tumors are more common than malignant bone tumors, though malignant tumors account for 5% of childhood cancers. The most common benign tumor is osteochondroma, while the most common primary malignant tumor is multiple myeloma and the most common bone tumor overall is metastatic carcinoma.
2. Pain and swelling are the most common presentations of bone tumors. Diagnostic evaluation begins with plain x-rays of the affected bone and surrounding area. Further imaging such as CT, bone scan and MRI are used if malignancy is suspected.
3. Biopsy is only performed after imaging to determine the appropriate surgical treatment, which is typically limb salvage rather than amputation. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are
This document discusses the radiological presentation and staging of musculoskeletal tumors. It covers:
1. The importance of plain radiographs and MRI in assessing bone and soft tissue tumors.
2. A 6-point system for radiographic evaluation of bone lesions including location, pattern of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, lesion matrix, number of lesions, and age.
3. Examples of benign and malignant patterns of bone destruction, periosteal reactions, and lesion matrices.
4. Staging studies like CT, MRI, bone scan and chest CT to determine tumor type, prognosis, treatment and presence of metastases.
5. Staging systems for benign and malignant bone tumors as well as soft
- The radiographs show diffusely decreased bone density in the hand of a 40-year-old woman, with multiple subluxed MCP and IP joints and dislocation of the 5th PIP joint that is nearly reduced on the PA view. No erosions or productive changes are seen.
- The most likely diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis given the diffuse decreased bone density, subluxations, and dislocations seen which are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Gout, SLE, scleroderma, and erosive osteoarthritis are less likely given the lack of findings more characteristic of those conditions such as erosions or productive changes.
Radiological and pathological correlation of bone tumours Dr.Argha BaruahArgha Baruah
Radiological appearances can provide essential information for accurately diagnosing bone tumors in 95% of cases when clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists share information. Key radiological features include the tumor's location in the bone, characteristics of the lesion such as matrix mineralization patterns, effects on the bone cortex, and surrounding soft tissue involvement. A multidisciplinary approach utilizing clinical presentation, radiological findings, histopathological examination, and increasingly molecular analysis is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for bone lesions.
The document discusses the classification, investigations, and general management of bone tumors. It covers various systems for classifying bone tumors, including distinguishing between benign and malignant, primary and secondary, and the cell of origin. Common investigations discussed are plain x-rays to examine features like margins, periosteal reaction, and cortical destruction. Staging systems like Enneking and AJCC are also summarized, which classify tumors based on grade, anatomical site, and presence of metastasis.
Benign bone tumors are diverse in morphology and biological potential. Most bone tumors are benign lesions seen in patients under 30 years old. Radiology is important for determining the exact location, extent of growth, and aggressiveness of bone tumors. The best test for diagnosis is a biopsy, as it confirms if a tumor is malignant or benign and determines the bone cancer type and stage. There are several classification systems for bone tumors, including the Enneking and Campanacci staging systems, which help determine prognosis and appropriate treatment.
Similar to Myositis ossificans traumatica: A benign lesion with a malignant character (20)
This document discusses chronic pain management strategies and tips. It notes that chronic pain is a major healthcare problem worldwide, accounting for one third of total healthcare costs. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists beyond 3-6 months from the onset of an illness or injury and is often accompanied by emotional symptoms. Undertreated acute pain can lead to chronic pain through physiological and psychological effects. Effective chronic pain management requires a biopsychosocial approach including treating the underlying medical condition, addressing precipitating psychosocial factors, and using multimodal treatment including medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Metastatic bone lesions occur when cancer cells spread from the original tumor site to the bones. The skeleton is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis, after the liver and lungs. Bone metastases can cause severe pain, fractures, and other complications. Treatment options aim to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, and may include radiation therapy, medication such as bisphosphonates, chemotherapy, surgery, and pain management.
The document discusses fractures of the neck of the femur bone. It describes the anatomy, blood supply, causes, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of these fractures. The key points are:
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Returning back to previous work after spine surgerySiddique AbuBakar
The document discusses returning to work after spine surgery based on a study of 62 patients in Bangladesh. The majority (79%) of patients who had disc surgery were able to return to their previous professions within 6 weeks. Most patients who had decompression surgery or fixation surgery were also able to return to work, either in the same or a modified profession, within 3-6 months after surgery depending on the procedure. Overall the study found that spine surgery was generally successful in allowing patients to return to work activities with reduced pain and disability.
This document discusses cervical rib surgery for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). It provides background on cervical ribs, TOS, and the clinical presentation of TOS. It then describes the anatomy of structures involved in TOS, examination findings, investigations, and details of cervical rib surgery including the surgical approach and important anatomical structures to protect. Post-operative results from a study of 3 patients who underwent cervical rib surgery for symptomatic TOS are presented, showing relief of symptoms within a few weeks except for one patient who developed lingering numbness and tingling. Complications in one patient included temporary respiratory distress and haemopneumothorax that resolved spontaneously.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
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𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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10. Myositis ossificans traumatica:
A benign lesion with a malignant
character
Dr.Abu Bakar Siddique
MS (Ortho) WOC-SICOT (Int.) Fellow
Spine microsurgery fellow (Ganga Hospital)
Observer ship on spine deformity correction
Associate prof. Ad-din medical college
Senior consultant ,Impulse Hospital.
14. • 30 years old Ripon, a BDR constable
presented with right arm swelling for six
months with a scar mark on lateral
aspect. He had a history of acute trauma
sustained to right biceps region
following a heavy weight lifting
in a weight lifting competition. Following
trauma he developed a painful swelling
which is relieved by cold application ,
rest and analgesics
15. • By three to four weeks the patient
gradually developed mildly tender
warm swelling with mild restriction of
shoulder and elbow movement. He
didn't care .By 3 months local doctor
sent him Dhaka for evaluation and
management.
16. Sep.2010
• Orthopaedic surgeon
• Advice given for urgent surgery
• Elbow bag
• Patient became apprehended.
• Went back to Cancer Research Centre
Thakurpukur kolkata.
25. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976
Jan;126(1):32-40
• AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976 Jan;126(1):32-40.
• Myositis ossificans circumscripta: a benign lesion with a
malignant differential diagnosis.
• Goldman AB.
• Abstract
• Localized areas of active myositis ossificans, occurring without a clear
history of antecedent trauma, have been referred to as a "pseudo-malignant
osseous tumor of soft tissue." This lesion may be mistaken
both roentgenographically and pathologically for
a malignancy. The roentgenographic signs which favor a diagnosis of
non-neoplastic heterotopic bone formation include a lucent zone between
the lesion and the adjacent bone, an intact underlying cortex, diaphyseal
location, dense calcification in the periphery, and loss of volume on serial
films.
•
26. Indian J Radiol Imaging
v.22(1); Jan-Mar 2012
PMID: 22623814
Myositis ossificans imaging: keys to successful
diagnosis
…On one hand, premature biopsy done at the
early stage of MO may lead to a wrong
diagnosis of sarcoma and, on the other hand, there is a
risk that if biopsy is delayed a true sarcoma may be missed and
result in tumor dissemination. It is therefore critical to identify the
zone phenomenon of MO as early as possible using imaging. Another
important feature that helps differentiate between MO and
osteosarcoma is the well-circumscribed appearance of the former on
histopathology.
27. Literatures
• Case report 488: post-traumatic myositis ossificans mimicking a soft tissue neoplasm
• L Ackerman, S Ramamurthy, V Jablokow… - Skeletal …, 1988 - inis.iaea.org
• [en] A case of post-traumatic myosotis ossificans (MO) in a young man with only a vague
history of preceding physical trauma to the area of the lesion was presented. Imaging
modalities, including plain film radiography, CT, contrast angiography and bone
scintigraphy, could not exclude a malignancy with a reliable degree of certainty. The biopsy
specimen was consistent with MO but
could easily be misinterpreted as a
sarcomatouslesion. A diagnosis of MO was only established by a scrupulous analysis of all clinical …
• Cited by 25 Related articles All 9 versions
•
28. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2014 Dec;
5(4): 261–265.
• J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2014 Dec; 5(4): 261–265.
• Published online 2014 Oct 11. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2014.09.005
• PMCID: PMC4264036
• Abstract
• Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a benign condition of non-
neoplastic heterotopic bone formation in the muscle or soft tissue.
Trauma plays a role in the development of MOC, thus, non-traumatic
MOC is very rare. Although MOC may occur anywhere in the body, the
lesions are localized predominantly in the high-risk sites of injury, such
as the thigh, buttock, and elbow. MOC can easily be mistaken for
osteomyelitis or a malignant tumor, specifically osteosarcoma or soft-
tissue sarcoma. We report a rare case of non-traumatic myositis
ossificans circumscripta of thigh which appear clinically and
radiologically as a malignant neoplasm. Despite its rarity, MOC
should be contemplated in the differential
diagnosis of malignant tumors.
29. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2012
Jan-Mar; 22(1): 35–39.
• Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2012 Jan-Mar; 22(1): 35–39.
• Myositis ossificans imaging: keys to successful diagnosis
• Alexis Lacout, Mohamed Jarraya,1 Pierre-Yves Marcy,2 Juliette Thariat,3 and Robert Yves Carli
• Abstract
• Myositis ossificans (MO) is an inflammatory pseudotumor of the muscle that may be
mistaken clinically and even histologically for a malignant
soft tissue tumor. The aim of this article is to report the imaging characteristics of
MO, the emphasis being on the early diagnostic clues. USG can be used at an early stage to
reveal the ‘zone phenomenon,’ which is highly suggestive of MO. A short course
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy may be an efficient treatment for early MO.
• Keywords: Myositis ossificans, ossification, tumor, ultrasonography, zone phenomenon
•
31. Ackerman’s Zone phenomenon
i
A. Centre: Proleferating fibroblast
haemorrhage and necrosis.
MO
is important criterion
for the diagnosis of
Myositis Ossificans,no
such divisions occur in
sarcomatous lesion
OS
33. Peripheral zone
-Mature trabecular bone
separated from
surrounding
connective tissue
-Maturation process is
centrifugal.
-Central area being the
last to ossify.
34. Literatures
• There are known publications showing that biopsy can erroneously
suggest the diagnosis of osteosarcoma, especially since biopsy taken
from central portion of the area affected by
myositis ossificans may yield immature,
undifferentiated tissue resembling a
sarcoma. Histopathological examination performed after tumor
excision confirmed MO.
36. Our judgment regarding this
lesion
• Huge swelling but
no tenderness
• Biopsy wounds are
properly healed in
time.
• No weakness, no
wasting, no
vascular signs or
signs of ischemia.
37. Bony cortex are intact &
intra soft tissue lesion
Timely healed biopsy
wounds CT & MRI
38. Finally we decided for Excision
Without
loosing much
blood
Vital structres
43. • Myositis ossificans is an aggressive
benign condition characterized by the
aberrant formation of bone in
extraskeletal soft tissues.
44. • It is usually confined to a single
muscle or muscle group, most
commonly in quadriceps, gluteal and
brachial muscle in male of second to
third decade of life.
45. • Usually it occurs following muscle
injury (myositis ossificans traumatic )
but it can also occur without previous
trauma in patients with burn,
neuromuscular disorders, hemophilia,
tetanus and drug abuse
46. • Myositis ossification is essentially a
proliferative mesenchymal response
to an initiating injury to the soft tissue
and muscle leading to localized
ossification.
47. • The mechanism of myositis ossificans
suggested is the abnormal
differentiation of fibroblast to bone
forming cells under the influence of
bone morphogenic protein
48. • Myositis ossificans usually is a self
limiting condition. Some time it needs
to be differentiated from
osteosarcoma. In the acute phase
which lasts for about 3 to 6 weeks it
should be managed conservatively.
49. • The lesion shouldn't be removed
surgically until the lesions have
matured as there is high risk of
recurrence.
50. Take home messages
• All aggressive lesions are not
malignant
• History taking and close observation
regarding clinical course of the growth
is important.
• Should not be dogmatic on early
biopsy rather repeated radiological
examination and it’s analysis