Mycotic infections
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This document discusses several fungal infections that can manifest in the oral cavity. It describes the causative organisms, clinical features, oral manifestations, histologic features, and treatment for North American blastomycosis, South American blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, candidiasis, phycomycosis, zygomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, coccidiomycosis, and cryptococcosis. For each infection, it provides details on the fungus, common symptoms, how it appears microscopically and in the mouth, and recommended antifungal therapies.
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Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores from mold fungi of the class Zygomycetes, like Mucorales and Entomophthorales. These fungi are found in soil and decaying organic matter. Zygomycosis most commonly affects the sinuses or lungs and can disseminate in immunocompromised individuals like those with diabetes, cancer, or AIDS. Symptoms depend on the infected area but may include cough, fever, sinus pain, and facial swelling. Diagnosis involves examining samples from infected tissues under a microscope and culturing the fungi. Treatment requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B and sometimes surgery to remove infected tissue.
Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by bread mold fungi called mucormycetes. It most commonly affects people with weakened immune systems due to conditions like diabetes, cancer, or organ transplant. The infection can start in the lungs, sinuses, skin, or gastrointestinal tract and cause symptoms like cough, fever, or skin lesions. Risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes, cancer treatments, corticosteroid use, and skin injuries. While it is not contagious, prevention focuses on controlling underlying illnesses. Diagnosis involves tissue samples and imaging tests. Treatment requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B as well as sometimes surgery to remove infected tissue.
Fungal diseases of lung
This document provides an overview of fungal diseases of the lung. It describes the characteristics of fungi including their cell walls and ability to grow as molds or yeasts. It then covers the four main types of mycoses and examples of specific fungal diseases including histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, pneumocystis pneumonia and mucormycosis. For each disease, it discusses pathogenesis, clinical presentation, morphology in tissue and staining characteristics.
[Micro] opportunistic mycosis
This document discusses various opportunistic mycoses including Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus. It provides details on the morphology, pathogenicity, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Key points include that Candida is a dimorphic yeast that can cause superficial or systemic infections depending on host immunity. Common species include C. albicans. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can cause pulmonary or disseminated disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts such as those with HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and antigen detection of Candida and Cryptococcus from clinical samples. Treatment involves antifungal
Black fungi
Black fungi, also known as dematiaceous fungi, are a diverse group of slow-growing fungi found in soil worldwide. They can cause two types of infections in humans: chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis is a localized fungal infection of the skin caused by fungi such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. It presents as verrucous lesions on exposed areas like the feet and legs. Phaeohyphomycosis is a subcutaneous or systemic infection caused by various dematiaceous fungi presenting as abscesses or lesions. Both infections are diagnosed by microscopic examination of skin or tissue samples and treated with antifungal
Systemic mycoses m
The document discusses two systemic mycoses - Coccidioides and Paracoccidioides. Both are dimorphic fungi that exist as molds in soil and yeasts in tissue. They are inhaled through spores and can cause asymptomatic pulmonary infection or disseminated disease. Coccidioides is endemic to parts of the Americas while Paracoccidioides is found in parts of Latin America. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology of tissues or body fluids. Treatment involves antifungal drugs like amphotericin B and itraconazole.
Systemic Mycoses
This document discusses systemic mycoses, which are fungal infections that spread throughout the body via the bloodstream and affect multiple internal organs. It describes two main types - those caused by primary pathogens that usually originate in the lungs, and those caused by opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of immune deficiencies. Several specific fungal diseases are examined, including histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, penicilliosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis. The document outlines symptoms, treatment options, and risk factors for developing systemic mycoses.
Sporotrichosis & chromoblatomycosis
This document discusses deep fungal infections including subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. It provides details on various subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. Sporotrichosis is caused by Sporothrix schenckii and can present as lymphangitic or fixed cutaneous lesions. Chromoblastomycosis is caused by several fungi and presents as slow-growing exophytic lesions on the feet and legs. Both infections are diagnosed through microscopic identification of fungal elements and both typically require lengthy antifungal treatment.
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Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores from mold fungi of the class Zygomycetes, like Mucorales and Entomophthorales. These fungi are found in soil and decaying organic matter. Zygomycosis most commonly affects the sinuses or lungs and can disseminate in immunocompromised individuals like those with diabetes, cancer, or AIDS. Symptoms depend on the infected area but may include cough, fever, sinus pain, and facial swelling. Diagnosis involves examining samples from infected tissues under a microscope and culturing the fungi. Treatment requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B and sometimes surgery to remove infected tissue.
Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by bread mold fungi called mucormycetes. It most commonly affects people with weakened immune systems due to conditions like diabetes, cancer, or organ transplant. The infection can start in the lungs, sinuses, skin, or gastrointestinal tract and cause symptoms like cough, fever, or skin lesions. Risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes, cancer treatments, corticosteroid use, and skin injuries. While it is not contagious, prevention focuses on controlling underlying illnesses. Diagnosis involves tissue samples and imaging tests. Treatment requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B as well as sometimes surgery to remove infected tissue.
Fungal diseases of lung
This document provides an overview of fungal diseases of the lung. It describes the characteristics of fungi including their cell walls and ability to grow as molds or yeasts. It then covers the four main types of mycoses and examples of specific fungal diseases including histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, pneumocystis pneumonia and mucormycosis. For each disease, it discusses pathogenesis, clinical presentation, morphology in tissue and staining characteristics.
[Micro] opportunistic mycosis
This document discusses various opportunistic mycoses including Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus. It provides details on the morphology, pathogenicity, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Key points include that Candida is a dimorphic yeast that can cause superficial or systemic infections depending on host immunity. Common species include C. albicans. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can cause pulmonary or disseminated disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts such as those with HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and antigen detection of Candida and Cryptococcus from clinical samples. Treatment involves antifungal
Black fungi
Black fungi, also known as dematiaceous fungi, are a diverse group of slow-growing fungi found in soil worldwide. They can cause two types of infections in humans: chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis is a localized fungal infection of the skin caused by fungi such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. It presents as verrucous lesions on exposed areas like the feet and legs. Phaeohyphomycosis is a subcutaneous or systemic infection caused by various dematiaceous fungi presenting as abscesses or lesions. Both infections are diagnosed by microscopic examination of skin or tissue samples and treated with antifungal
Systemic mycoses m
The document discusses two systemic mycoses - Coccidioides and Paracoccidioides. Both are dimorphic fungi that exist as molds in soil and yeasts in tissue. They are inhaled through spores and can cause asymptomatic pulmonary infection or disseminated disease. Coccidioides is endemic to parts of the Americas while Paracoccidioides is found in parts of Latin America. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology of tissues or body fluids. Treatment involves antifungal drugs like amphotericin B and itraconazole.
Systemic Mycoses
This document discusses systemic mycoses, which are fungal infections that spread throughout the body via the bloodstream and affect multiple internal organs. It describes two main types - those caused by primary pathogens that usually originate in the lungs, and those caused by opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of immune deficiencies. Several specific fungal diseases are examined, including histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, penicilliosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis. The document outlines symptoms, treatment options, and risk factors for developing systemic mycoses.
Sporotrichosis & chromoblatomycosis
This document discusses deep fungal infections including subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. It provides details on various subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. Sporotrichosis is caused by Sporothrix schenckii and can present as lymphangitic or fixed cutaneous lesions. Chromoblastomycosis is caused by several fungi and presents as slow-growing exophytic lesions on the feet and legs. Both infections are diagnosed through microscopic identification of fungal elements and both typically require lengthy antifungal treatment.
Fungal diseases(MYCOSES)
Fungal diseases, also known as mycoses, are infections caused by fungi. There are several types of mycoses including superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic mycoses. Superficial mycoses are limited to the outer layers of skin while cutaneous mycoses penetrate deeper into the epidermis. Subcutaneous mycoses commonly affect the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and fascia. Systemic mycoses can involve multiple body systems and are caused by either primary or opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Common systemic fungal diseases include candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and mucromycosis. Diagnosis and treatment depends on the specific fungal
Deep fungal infections
This document summarizes several types of deep fungal infections:
- Blastomycosis causes lung infection that can spread and cause skin lesions that begin as papules or nodules and form ulcers or scars. It is treated with amphotericin B.
- Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus found in soil and bird droppings. It causes lung lesions and later skin lesions, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is treated with amphotericin B or itraconazole.
- Coccidioidomycosis is caused by a fungus found in arid soil. It causes pulmonary infection and sometimes disseminates to other organs, causing wart-like
Systemic mycoses
This document summarizes several systemic mycoses, including blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It describes the etiologic agents, life cycles, clinical presentations, and diagnostic approaches for each. Many of these fungi exhibit dimorphism, growing as mold-like mycelia at lower temperatures and yeast-like forms at human body temperature when infecting humans. Laboratory diagnosis may involve microscopy, culture, antigen detection and antibody tests. Treatment depends on the specific infection but may include antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B and itraconazole.
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This document summarizes several systemic fungal infections. It describes histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which can infect the reticuloendothelial system and cause disseminated lesions. Blastomycosis by Blastomyces dermatitidis typically causes chronic lung infection but can disseminate, sometimes appearing as cutaneous lesions. Paracoccidiomycosis involves Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and can cause ulcerative granulomas. Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides immitis and may manifest as primary pulmonary infection or disseminated disease. Cryptococcosis, often affecting immunocompromised individuals, is caused by
Mycotic Infections of the Oral cavity . ( Candidiasis )
Fungal infections of the oral cavity, known as candidiasis, are commonly caused by the yeast Candida albicans. Risk factors include use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, or having a weakened immune system from diseases like HIV/AIDS or diabetes. Candidiasis ranges from mild to severe and can be classified as mucocutaneous (infecting the mouth and skin) or systemic (infecting multiple organs). Diagnosis involves examining clinical samples under a microscope for fungal hyphae or culturing samples on agar plates to grow Candida colonies.
Lec 7 fungal infections
This document summarizes key information from Lecture 7 on fungal, bacterial, and protozoal infections. It discusses types of fungal infections like candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus. It also describes actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii and madura foot infections. Finally, it lists common bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and protozoal infections like malaria caused by Plasmodium and amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Opportunistic fungal infection
This document discusses various opportunistic fungal infections seen in immunocompromised patients. It describes the common causative fungi including Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Penicillium marneffei, zygomycetes, and Pneumocystis. For each infection, it summarizes the clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis involving microscopy, culture, and other tests, as well as recommended treatment approaches. It also briefly mentions some other rare miscellaneous mycoses.
ACTINOMYCOSIS
• Actinomyces species are classified as anaerobic, gram positive and filamentous bacteria.
• It is a chronic granulomatous suppurative and fibrosing disease caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive nonacid fast, branched filamentous bacteria.
• Most of the species isolated from actinomycotic lesions have been identified as A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A.naeslundii or A. meyeri.
• These microorganisms have been identified in dental plaque, dental calculus, necrotic pulp, and tonsils.
• The usual pattern of this disease is one characterized chiefly by the formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts.
• pus from the abscesses is examined on a clean glass slide, it shows the typical ‘sulfur granules’ or colonies of organisms, which appear in the suppurative material as tiny, yellow grains.
• Another infection that produces this type of sulfur granules is botryomycosis.
Medical microbiology
Systemic mycosis refers to fungal infections that affect internal organs. Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioidomycosis immitis, which lives in alkaline soil. It is transmitted through inhalation of dust from infected soil and causes a primary infection in the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include fever, chest pain, cough, and weight loss. Laboratory diagnosis involves examining clinical samples microscopically for the presence of spherules and endospores or culturing the fungus from samples on agar plates. The infection is endemic in certain desert regions of the Americas.
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which most commonly affects horses. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated soil or infected animals. The disease presents as cutaneous, lymphatic, or systemic forms, causing nodules and ulcers on the skin and lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of samples to identify the characteristic cigar-shaped fungus. Treatment consists of antifungal medications like itraconazole administered systemically or locally at lesion sites. Control relies on proper wound treatment, hygiene, and isolation of infected animals.
Systemic mycoses
This document summarizes common fungal infections caused by dimorphic and opportunistic fungi. It lists endemic mycoses including paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis caused by fungi that exist in both mold and yeast forms. It also describes opportunistic mycoses including candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis caused by fungi that exist only in yeast or mold forms and primarily infect immunocompromised individuals. Key characteristics of each fungal species such as morphology, habitat, disease manifestations, diagnosis and treatment are provided.
Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by species in the orders Mucorales and Rhizopus. It most commonly affects immunocompromised patients via inhalation, ingestion, or traumatic inoculation. The fungi invade blood vessels, causing thrombosis, tissue necrosis, and different clinical forms including rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated mucormycosis. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis has the highest frequency and mortality, often occurring in diabetic patients experiencing ketoacidosis. Diagnosis involves biopsy and imaging of affected tissues showing broad, branching fungal hyphae. Treatment requires control of predisposing conditions and antif
Mucormycosis
What is mucormycosis, and how is it linked with COVID-19? we’ve seen reports of an infection called mucormycosis, often termed “black fungus”, in patients with COVID, or who are recovering from COVID, in India. Fungal infections can be devastating. And in this case mucormycosis is adding to the burden of suffering in a country already in a deep COVID crisis.
Mri Mucormycosis imaging
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by certain molds. It most commonly affects the sinuses, lungs, and skin. Risk factors include diabetes, immunosuppression, and COVID-19. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and imaging tests like CT or MRI to identify fungal invasion. Treatment requires controlling underlying conditions, antifungal medication like amphotericin B, and surgery to remove infected tissues.
Oral Mycotic Lesions /dental courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Systemic mycosis
This document provides an overview of systemic and opportunistic mycoses. It defines systemic mycoses as deep fungal infections caused by soil-dwelling dimorphic fungi that are accidentally inhaled. The main causative agents described are Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Opportunistic mycoses occur in immunocompromised individuals and the most common causes are Candida species, Aspergillus species, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Key clinical features, laboratory diagnostics including microscopy, culture, and serology, treatment approaches, and important epidemiological details are summarized
BACTERIAL INFECTCTIONS OF ORAL CAVITY i /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...
BACTERIAL INFECTCTIONS OF ORAL CAVITY i /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.comSYSTEMIC MYCOSIS
This document provides information about two types of systemic mycoses: histoplasmosis and Madura mycosis. Histoplasmosis is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and can manifest as pulmonary or disseminated disease. It is diagnosed through microscopy, culture, serology and antigen detection. Treatment involves antifungals like amphotericin B and azoles. Madura mycosis is a chronic infection of subcutaneous tissues that forms sinuses. It is caused by fungi or actinomycetes and is characterized by swelling, nodules and discharging sinuses. Diagnosis involves microscopy and culture of exudates or biopsy specimens. Treatment involves antibiotics, antifung
Systemic mycosis
This document discusses various systemic mycoses (fungal infections of internal organs) including histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It describes the causative fungi, how infection occurs through inhalation of spores, clinical features involving the respiratory system and dissemination, laboratory diagnosis using microscopy, culture, and immunodiagnosis, and treatment involving antifungal drugs. Candidiasis is also discussed as the most common fungal infection affecting mucosa and internal organs in immunocompromised individuals.
Oral mycotic infections
Most deep fungal infections have their primary foci in the lungs, therefore those presenting with distant organs or skin involvement should be managed aggressively as untreated or severe disease can lead to severe scarring, disfigurement and even death.
Oral Mycotic Infections Candidiasis (Candidosis, Moniliasis, Thrush) /orthodo...
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This document discusses various forms of Candidial infection, including chronic familial, diffuse, and endocrine-related mucocutaneous candidiasis. It describes the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of oral candidiasis. Key points covered include the clinical appearance of different candidiasis types, methods for laboratory diagnosis such as culture and microscopy, and the use of antifungal medications like fluconazole or nystatin to treat oral candidal infections.Diretriz para tratamento da blastomicose 2008
The document provides clinical practice guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for the management of blastomycosis. It summarizes recommendations for treating various forms of the disease, including pulmonary, disseminated extrapulmonary, and central nervous system blastomycosis. It also provides guidance on treating special populations such as pregnant women and children. The recommendations are based on published evidence between 2000-2006 and aim to help healthcare providers effectively treat patients with this fungal infection.
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Fungal diseases(MYCOSES)
Fungal diseases, also known as mycoses, are infections caused by fungi. There are several types of mycoses including superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic mycoses. Superficial mycoses are limited to the outer layers of skin while cutaneous mycoses penetrate deeper into the epidermis. Subcutaneous mycoses commonly affect the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and fascia. Systemic mycoses can involve multiple body systems and are caused by either primary or opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Common systemic fungal diseases include candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and mucromycosis. Diagnosis and treatment depends on the specific fungal
Deep fungal infections
This document summarizes several types of deep fungal infections:
- Blastomycosis causes lung infection that can spread and cause skin lesions that begin as papules or nodules and form ulcers or scars. It is treated with amphotericin B.
- Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus found in soil and bird droppings. It causes lung lesions and later skin lesions, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is treated with amphotericin B or itraconazole.
- Coccidioidomycosis is caused by a fungus found in arid soil. It causes pulmonary infection and sometimes disseminates to other organs, causing wart-like
Systemic mycoses
This document summarizes several systemic mycoses, including blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It describes the etiologic agents, life cycles, clinical presentations, and diagnostic approaches for each. Many of these fungi exhibit dimorphism, growing as mold-like mycelia at lower temperatures and yeast-like forms at human body temperature when infecting humans. Laboratory diagnosis may involve microscopy, culture, antigen detection and antibody tests. Treatment depends on the specific infection but may include antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B and itraconazole.
Systemic mycoses by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document summarizes several systemic fungal infections. It describes histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which can infect the reticuloendothelial system and cause disseminated lesions. Blastomycosis by Blastomyces dermatitidis typically causes chronic lung infection but can disseminate, sometimes appearing as cutaneous lesions. Paracoccidiomycosis involves Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and can cause ulcerative granulomas. Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides immitis and may manifest as primary pulmonary infection or disseminated disease. Cryptococcosis, often affecting immunocompromised individuals, is caused by
Mycotic Infections of the Oral cavity . ( Candidiasis )
Fungal infections of the oral cavity, known as candidiasis, are commonly caused by the yeast Candida albicans. Risk factors include use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, or having a weakened immune system from diseases like HIV/AIDS or diabetes. Candidiasis ranges from mild to severe and can be classified as mucocutaneous (infecting the mouth and skin) or systemic (infecting multiple organs). Diagnosis involves examining clinical samples under a microscope for fungal hyphae or culturing samples on agar plates to grow Candida colonies.
Lec 7 fungal infections
This document summarizes key information from Lecture 7 on fungal, bacterial, and protozoal infections. It discusses types of fungal infections like candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus. It also describes actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii and madura foot infections. Finally, it lists common bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and protozoal infections like malaria caused by Plasmodium and amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Opportunistic fungal infection
This document discusses various opportunistic fungal infections seen in immunocompromised patients. It describes the common causative fungi including Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Penicillium marneffei, zygomycetes, and Pneumocystis. For each infection, it summarizes the clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis involving microscopy, culture, and other tests, as well as recommended treatment approaches. It also briefly mentions some other rare miscellaneous mycoses.
ACTINOMYCOSIS
• Actinomyces species are classified as anaerobic, gram positive and filamentous bacteria.
• It is a chronic granulomatous suppurative and fibrosing disease caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive nonacid fast, branched filamentous bacteria.
• Most of the species isolated from actinomycotic lesions have been identified as A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A.naeslundii or A. meyeri.
• These microorganisms have been identified in dental plaque, dental calculus, necrotic pulp, and tonsils.
• The usual pattern of this disease is one characterized chiefly by the formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts.
• pus from the abscesses is examined on a clean glass slide, it shows the typical ‘sulfur granules’ or colonies of organisms, which appear in the suppurative material as tiny, yellow grains.
• Another infection that produces this type of sulfur granules is botryomycosis.
Medical microbiology
Systemic mycosis refers to fungal infections that affect internal organs. Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioidomycosis immitis, which lives in alkaline soil. It is transmitted through inhalation of dust from infected soil and causes a primary infection in the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include fever, chest pain, cough, and weight loss. Laboratory diagnosis involves examining clinical samples microscopically for the presence of spherules and endospores or culturing the fungus from samples on agar plates. The infection is endemic in certain desert regions of the Americas.
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which most commonly affects horses. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated soil or infected animals. The disease presents as cutaneous, lymphatic, or systemic forms, causing nodules and ulcers on the skin and lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of samples to identify the characteristic cigar-shaped fungus. Treatment consists of antifungal medications like itraconazole administered systemically or locally at lesion sites. Control relies on proper wound treatment, hygiene, and isolation of infected animals.
Systemic mycoses
This document summarizes common fungal infections caused by dimorphic and opportunistic fungi. It lists endemic mycoses including paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis caused by fungi that exist in both mold and yeast forms. It also describes opportunistic mycoses including candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis caused by fungi that exist only in yeast or mold forms and primarily infect immunocompromised individuals. Key characteristics of each fungal species such as morphology, habitat, disease manifestations, diagnosis and treatment are provided.
Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by species in the orders Mucorales and Rhizopus. It most commonly affects immunocompromised patients via inhalation, ingestion, or traumatic inoculation. The fungi invade blood vessels, causing thrombosis, tissue necrosis, and different clinical forms including rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated mucormycosis. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis has the highest frequency and mortality, often occurring in diabetic patients experiencing ketoacidosis. Diagnosis involves biopsy and imaging of affected tissues showing broad, branching fungal hyphae. Treatment requires control of predisposing conditions and antif
Mucormycosis
What is mucormycosis, and how is it linked with COVID-19? we’ve seen reports of an infection called mucormycosis, often termed “black fungus”, in patients with COVID, or who are recovering from COVID, in India. Fungal infections can be devastating. And in this case mucormycosis is adding to the burden of suffering in a country already in a deep COVID crisis.
Mri Mucormycosis imaging
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by certain molds. It most commonly affects the sinuses, lungs, and skin. Risk factors include diabetes, immunosuppression, and COVID-19. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and imaging tests like CT or MRI to identify fungal invasion. Treatment requires controlling underlying conditions, antifungal medication like amphotericin B, and surgery to remove infected tissues.
Oral Mycotic Lesions /dental courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Systemic mycosis
This document provides an overview of systemic and opportunistic mycoses. It defines systemic mycoses as deep fungal infections caused by soil-dwelling dimorphic fungi that are accidentally inhaled. The main causative agents described are Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Opportunistic mycoses occur in immunocompromised individuals and the most common causes are Candida species, Aspergillus species, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Key clinical features, laboratory diagnostics including microscopy, culture, and serology, treatment approaches, and important epidemiological details are summarized
BACTERIAL INFECTCTIONS OF ORAL CAVITY i /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...
BACTERIAL INFECTCTIONS OF ORAL CAVITY i /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.comSYSTEMIC MYCOSIS
This document provides information about two types of systemic mycoses: histoplasmosis and Madura mycosis. Histoplasmosis is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and can manifest as pulmonary or disseminated disease. It is diagnosed through microscopy, culture, serology and antigen detection. Treatment involves antifungals like amphotericin B and azoles. Madura mycosis is a chronic infection of subcutaneous tissues that forms sinuses. It is caused by fungi or actinomycetes and is characterized by swelling, nodules and discharging sinuses. Diagnosis involves microscopy and culture of exudates or biopsy specimens. Treatment involves antibiotics, antifung
Systemic mycosis
This document discusses various systemic mycoses (fungal infections of internal organs) including histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It describes the causative fungi, how infection occurs through inhalation of spores, clinical features involving the respiratory system and dissemination, laboratory diagnosis using microscopy, culture, and immunodiagnosis, and treatment involving antifungal drugs. Candidiasis is also discussed as the most common fungal infection affecting mucosa and internal organs in immunocompromised individuals.
Oral mycotic infections
Most deep fungal infections have their primary foci in the lungs, therefore those presenting with distant organs or skin involvement should be managed aggressively as untreated or severe disease can lead to severe scarring, disfigurement and even death.
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Mycotic Infections of the Oral cavity . ( Candidiasis )
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This document discusses various forms of Candidial infection, including chronic familial, diffuse, and endocrine-related mucocutaneous candidiasis. It describes the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of oral candidiasis. Key points covered include the clinical appearance of different candidiasis types, methods for laboratory diagnosis such as culture and microscopy, and the use of antifungal medications like fluconazole or nystatin to treat oral candidal infections.Diretriz para tratamento da blastomicose 2008
The document provides clinical practice guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for the management of blastomycosis. It summarizes recommendations for treating various forms of the disease, including pulmonary, disseminated extrapulmonary, and central nervous system blastomycosis. It also provides guidance on treating special populations such as pregnant women and children. The recommendations are based on published evidence between 2000-2006 and aim to help healthcare providers effectively treat patients with this fungal infection.
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Zygomycosis
Zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by bread mold fungi called mucormycetes. It most commonly affects people with weakened immune systems from conditions like diabetes, cancer, or organ transplant. The fungi are found in soil and decaying matter. Symptoms depend on the infected area but can include sinus pain, coughing blood, or skin lesions. Risk factors are diabetes, cancer treatments, corticosteroids, or skin injuries. Diagnosis involves tissue samples analyzed microscopically or in culture. Treatment requires antifungal medications like amphotericin B and sometimes surgery to remove infected tissue. Prevention focuses on controlling underlying illnesses that weaken the immune system.
Mycotic infections and nutritional disorders
This document reports post-mortem examination findings from multiple chickens. Several chickens showed lesions indicative of aspergillosis, including ulcerations in the beak, mouth, lungs, air sacs, and brain. Other chickens exhibited hemorrhages in the liver and thigh muscle that may have been caused by mycotoxins or other issues. Additional chickens demonstrated signs of various vitamin and mineral deficiencies affecting the eyes, bones, beak, brain, muscles, and posture.
6. ORAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS 2015
This document discusses oral fungal infections and their microbiological laboratory diagnosis. It begins by introducing common fungal pathogens found in the oral cavity such as Candida species. It then covers topics such as sample collection and processing, direct examination techniques including various staining methods, culture techniques using different media, non-culture diagnostic methods, serodiagnosis, and molecular methods for diagnosis. The role of oral health care professionals in the diagnosis and management of oral fungal infections is also emphasized.
Zigomicosis
Este documento describe las zigomicosis, infecciones causadas por hongos del phylum Glomeromycota. Se dividen en dos subdivisiones con importancia médica: los Mucorales, que causan infecciones rápidas y destructivas; y los Entomophtorales, que causan infecciones crónicas e inflamatorias. Las zigomicosis tienen una amplia distribución geográfica y factores de riesgo incluyen inmunosupresión, diabetes, enfermedades hematológicas y desnutrición. El documento también cubre el diagn
Histoplasmosis expo
El documento resume la histoplasmosis, una infección causada por el hongo dimórfico Histoplasma capsulatum. Se transmite por la inhalación de esporas del hongo presentes en el suelo contaminado. Puede causar una infección pulmonar aguda o diseminada, especialmente en personas inmunocomprometidas. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante exámenes microscópicos, cultivos, pruebas serológicas y antigénicas. El tratamiento de elección incluye anfotericina B o itraconazol, depend
4 h fungal diseases
This document summarizes several fungal diseases that can infect animals. It describes three main fungal skin infections: dermatophytosis (ringworm), which infects the skin of many species including dogs, cats, and humans; dermatophilosis (rain rot), which infects the skin of horses, cattle, sheep and goats; and mycoses, fungal infections that can affect the skin or internal body systems. It lists symptoms, means of transmission, diagnosis and treatment for the skin infections, and notes some systemic fungal diseases that can infect various internal body systems.
Fungal diseases in children
This document discusses various types of fungal infections that can affect children. It begins by introducing fungi and describing their cell structures. It then categorizes fungal infections as superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic. Several common superficial fungal infections that occur in children are described in detail, including oral thrush (candidiasis), candida diaper rash, and various forms of tinea (ringworm) affecting the scalp, body, feet, and skin. Subcutaneous fungal infections like sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis are also mentioned. Systemic fungal infections are classified as either endemic or opportunistic infections. Specific fungal diseases within each category are named. Treatment options for several infections are
المحاظرة الخامسة / معدية / دكتور اسعد / Epizootic lymphangitis
EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS is a chronic, contagious fungal disease that affects horses, donkeys, and mules. It is characterized by suppurative lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and skin ulcers. The causative agent is the fungus Histoplasma farciminosum. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected animals or contact with contaminated soil or flies. Clinical signs include spreading skin lesions and lymphangitis along the limbs. Diagnosis involves identifying the fungus microscopically or through culture. Treatment has limited success. Control relies on identifying and destroying infected animals, quarantining other animals, and disinfecting equipment.
Oral pathology ... fungal infections 2
Fungal infections, like those caused by Candida species, are opportunistic infections that can cause both localized and systemic disease. Candida albicans is the most common Candida species that causes oral infections like pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush), erythematous candidiasis, and chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia). Risk factors include immunocompromise, antibiotics, denture wearing, and smoking. Candida can damage tissues through enzyme production and invasion. Management involves treating predisposing factors and using antifungal medications.
1 A Introduction
This document provides an overview of medical mycology, including:
1. It classifies fungi and discusses their morphology, including yeasts, hyphae, and dimorphic fungi.
2. It covers the epidemiology of fungal infections, including endemic mycoses caused by dimorphic fungi.
3. It discusses the diagnosis of fungal infections through wet mounts, skin tests, serology, biopsy, and culture.
4. It outlines the treatment of fungal infections through antifungal agents like polyenes, azoles, and others.
MUCORMICOSIS
La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica poco común pero potencialmente mortal causada por hongos del orden Mucorales como Rhizopus y Rhizomucor. Se adquiere por inhalación de esporas y afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos, causando infecciones en la nariz, pulmones y otros órganos. El diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento agresivo con anfotericina B son cruciales para mejorar las posibilidades de supervivencia.
Antifungal agents
Antifungal agents include both systemic and topical drugs used to treat fungal infections. There are two main types of fungi - yeasts which reproduce by budding and molds which have long branching filaments. Mycotic infections can be cutaneous, subcutaneous, superficial, or systemic and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. Common antifungal agents include polyenes such as amphotericin B, azoles including fluconazole and ketoconazole, flucytosine, and griseofulvin. These drugs work by various mechanisms including binding to fungal cell membranes, inhibiting DNA synthesis, or disrupting cell division.
Rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, a protistan parasite. It is characterized by polyps in the nasal cavity. It is most commonly seen in southern India and Sri Lanka. The parasite exists in both sporangial and spore forms and has a dimorphic life cycle involving both aquatic and host tissues. Clinical presentation involves polypoidal lesions in the nose that bleed easily. Treatment involves surgical removal of the polyps combined with long term dapsone medication to prevent recurrence.
Fungal infections of the oral cavity
This document discusses various fungal infections that can affect the oral cavity and respiratory tract, including candidiasis, aspergillosis, and zygomycosis. It describes the characteristics and morphology of fungi, including molds, yeasts, dimorphic fungi. It then covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the main opportunistic fungal infections.
Antifungal drugs-Antibiotics
This document discusses various antifungal drugs including polyenes like amphotericin B and nystatin, echinocandins like caspofungin, and the heterocyclic benzofuran griseofulvin. It describes their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal that is fungicidal but highly nephrotoxic. Caspofungin inhibits glucan synthase in fungal cell walls. Griseofulvin binds microtubules to treat dermatophytosis.
Final ppt on fungal diseases
This document discusses fungal diseases of medical importance. It begins by describing the morphology and classification of fungi, including molds, yeasts, and dimorphic fungi. It then covers several types of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans, including oral and esophageal candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, and cutaneous and systemic candidiasis. It also discusses dermatophyte infections like tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, and onychomycosis. The document concludes by covering treatment options for candidiasis and dermatophyte infections like topical and oral antifungals.
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Salivary glands 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
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Lect.2. salivary gland pathology
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Common types of salivary gland benign tumors with origin of each:
- Pleomorphic adenoma - originates from the intercalated duct cells and myoepithelial cells.
- Oncocytic tumors - originate from the striated duct cells.
- Acinous cell tumors - originate from the acinar cells.
- Mucoepidermoid tumors and squamous cell carcinomas develop in the excretory duct cells.
2. The histological features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma include:
- Containing mucin-producing cells and epithelial cells of the epidermoid variety.
- Divided into
Actinomycetes
1) Actinomyces are gram-positive bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth and intestines.
2) Actinomycosis occurs when these bacteria invade tissues, usually through breaks in the mucosa.
3) It most commonly affects the cervicofacial region due to dental infections or procedures. Symptoms include abscesses and draining sinuses.
Granulomatous disease of nose
mainly on fungal and other unspecified cause
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
ASPERGILLOSIS
MUCORMYCOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
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Ulcerative lesion 4 6-2016
This document discusses various ulcerative lesions of the intestine. It begins by describing the normal histology of the small and large intestine. It then lists and describes the major types of ulcerative lesions including duodenal and amoebic ulcers, typhoid ulcers, tuberculous ulcers, bacillary dysentery, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), carcinoma, and others such as GVHD and Behcet's syndrome. For each type of ulcer, it discusses causative agents, pathogenesis, gross and microscopic morphology, clinical features, and complications.
Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria
This document discusses nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which are environmental bacteria that can sometimes cause disease in humans. It describes the main NTM species, how they are classified, the diseases they can cause such as pulmonary or skin infections, and their treatment. Key points include:
- NTM are common in water and soil and can cause opportunistic infections, especially in people with lung disease or who are immunosuppressed.
- Pulmonary NTM disease is the most common clinical syndrome and presents as either nodular/bronchiectatic or fibrocavitary patterns on imaging.
- Treatment involves multiple antimicrobials for prolonged periods but has limited success due to drug toxicity and recurrence
Systemic mycoses
1. The document describes four systemic mycoses caused by dimorphic fungi: histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.
2. It provides details on the causative agents, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis including histopathology, culture, and serology, and treatment recommendations for each fungal infection.
3. Key diagnostic methods include histopathological staining of tissue samples to identify characteristic fungal structures, culture of samples to demonstrate the dimorphic nature of the fungi, and serological tests to detect antibodies.
Medically Important Histoplasma species .pptx
The Presentation here is about Medically important Histoplasma species. How does it infect the Human host? What are it's clinical manifestations and How can we diagnose for their infection and potential application for other studies.
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This document discusses complications that can arise from suppurative otitis media, including mastoiditis, petrositis, facial paralysis, and others. It outlines factors that influence the development of complications such as age, socioeconomic status, and immune status. It also describes various pathways of infection spread and classifications of intracranial complications. Specific complications are then discussed in more detail including their causes, symptoms, treatments and more.
Parotid gland diseases .pptx
This document discusses diseases of the salivary glands, focusing on inflammatory disorders of the parotid gland. It describes various causes of parotid inflammation including viral infections like mumps, bacterial infections, HIV-associated sialadenitis, and obstructive disorders. It also discusses benign conditions such as sialadenosis and Sjogren's syndrome. The document outlines the indications for and steps of parotid surgery including superficial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy, and radical parotidectomy. Post-surgical complications like Frey's syndrome are also mentioned.
Subcutaneous mycoses
This document provides an overview of subcutaneous mycoses. It discusses several types including mycetoma, sporotrichosis, rhinosporidiosis, chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and lobomycosis. For each condition, it summarizes the causative agent, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis including direct examination and culture techniques, and treatment approaches. The document emphasizes that these infections usually follow trauma and develop subcutaneously at the site of inoculation, presenting with characteristic clinical features like tumefaction, draining sinuses, and presence of grains or granules.
Tuberculosis mimics
This document discusses tuberculosis and conditions that can mimic tuberculosis. It begins by describing tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is one of the oldest diseases affecting humans. It then discusses several other conditions that can present similarly to tuberculosis, including nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and others. For each condition, it provides details on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The document emphasizes that differentiating tuberculosis mimics from actual tuberculosis is important for ensuring correct diagnosis and management.
Lect.2. salivary gland pathology
The document discusses salivary gland diseases, focusing on sialadenitis (inflammation of the salivary glands) and salivary gland tumors. Sialadenitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders. The most common viral cause is mumps. Bacterial sialadenitis often results from ductal obstruction. Chronic sialadenitis is usually caused by Sjögren's syndrome. Common benign salivary gland tumors include pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, and monomorphic adenomas. Malignant tumors include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Dr samreen younas
This document discusses salivary gland tumors. It begins with definitions of tumors and classifications of salivary glands and salivary gland tumors. It then covers the incidence, clinical features, histopathological features, and treatment plans for various benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The document emphasizes that surgical resection is usually the primary treatment for salivary gland tumors, with adjuvant radiotherapy sometimes used as well.
Glomus Tumour
Glomus tumours are benign, slow-growing, hypervascular tumours that originate from glomus bodies in the middle ear. They are most commonly seen in the 5th decade of life and affect females more often than males. On histology, they appear as clusters of cells arranged in a nested pattern surrounded by a vascular stroma. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, though pre-operative embolization of feeding vessels can help reduce blood loss. Glomus tumours can spread locally within the temporal bone and occasionally metastasize to distant sites like the lungs. Advanced cases may require a combined surgical and radiotherapy approach.
Unusual gram negative bacteria
Capnocytophaga are gram-negative bacteria that were first isolated from the human oropharynx in 1956. Several species colonize the oral cavities of humans (C. gingivalis, C. granulosa, etc.) while others colonize dogs (C. canimorsus, C. cynodegmi). C. canimorsus can cause serious infections in individuals following dog bites, especially in immunocompromised or asplenic patients, presenting with sepsis, meningitis, or endocarditis. While normally commensals, Capnocytophaga species can opportunistically infect compromised hosts, potentially involving multiple organ systems.
Gastric tumours seminar.pptx
This document discusses various types of gastric tumors and lesions. It begins by describing the normal gastric glands and their immunohistochemistry profiles. It then discusses various premalignant lesions that can arise in the stomach, including gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and various types of gastric polyps. It also covers various benign and malignant neoplastic lesions that can occur in the stomach, such as fundic gland polyps, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinoma. It provides details on the clinical, endoscopic, and histological features of each of these conditions.
Pancreatic tumours
This document summarizes various types of pancreatic tumours. It describes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as the most common exocrine pancreatic cancer, accounting for 85% of cases. Risk factors and clinical features are provided. Other exocrine tumours discussed include acinar cell carcinoma, cystic pancreatic neoplasms such as microcystic cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenoma. Neuroendocrine tumours such as insulinomas are also summarized. Rare tumour types like anaplastic carcinoma, giant cell tumour and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are described.
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Mycotic infections
- 2. NORTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS Caused by Blastomyces dermatiditis. CLINICAL FEATURES -Tiny miliary abscess or pustules. -crateriform lesions. -Fever. -weight loss. -productive cough.
- 5. ORAL MANIFESTATION Tiny ulcer. Abscess formation. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Inflamed connective tissue. Giant cells and macrophages. Round organism with doubly refractile capsule. Microabscess.
- 6. SOUTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS Caused by Blastomyces brasiliensis. Fungus varies 10um to60um in diameter and is larger than that of north american blastomycosis.
- 8. HISTOPLASMOSIS Also called Darling’s disease. Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. CLINICAL FEATURES Low grade fever. Splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly. Lymphadenopathy.
- 10. ORAL MANIFESTATION Nodular,ulcerative or vegetative lesions. Ulcerated areas covered by nonspecific gray membrane. Common on buccal mucosa,gingiva,tongue,palate or lips.
- 11. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Organism appear as tiny intracellular structures measuring a little more than 1um in diameter. TREATMENT: Amphotericin B
- 12. HISTOPLASMOSIS
- 13. CANDIDIASIS Caused by Candida albicans . CLASSIFICATION: Primary Candidiasis: Acute forms -Psuedomembranous -Erythematous
- 14. Chronic forms -Hyperplstic Nodular Plaque-like -Erythematous -Psuedomembranous Candida associated lesions -Denture stomatitis
- 15. -Angular cheilitis -Mediam rhomboid glossitis Keratinized primary lesions super infected with Candida -Leukoplakia -Lichen planus -Lupus erythematosus SECONDARY ORAL CANDIDIASIS
- 19. TREATMENT Nystatin Clotrimazole Amphotericin B Miconazole
- 20. PHYCOMYCOSIS Also called as Mucormycosis,Zygomycosis. Caused by Mucorales and Entomophthorales. CLINICAL FEATURES 2 main types-Superficial -Visceral Visceral-Pulmonary -Gastrointestinal -Rhinocerebral
- 21. ZYGOMYCOSIS
- 22. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Organisms appear large,nonseptate hyphae with branching at obtuse angles. Round or ovoid sporangia. TREATMENT Control of predisposing factors. Surgical excision Amphotericin B
- 23. ZYGOMYCOSIS
- 24. RHINOSPORIDIOSIS Caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. CLINICAL FEATURES Mucoid discharge. Soft polypoid growth spreading to pharynx and larynx. Lesions are vascular.
- 25. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Sporangia containing large number of round or ovoid endospores,each 5-7um in diameter. Focal abscess formation and multinucleated giant cells. TREATMENT Surgical removal.
- 26. COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS Caused by Coccidiodes immitis. CLINICAL FEATURES 2 forms-Primary nondisseminated and Progressive disseminated.
- 27. ORAL MANIFESTATION Proliferative granulomatous and ulcerated lesions. Lytic lesions of jaw. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Foci of coagulation necrosis. Endospores within large spherules. TREATMENT Amphotericin B
- 28. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS Also called as Tolurosis ,European blastomycosis. Caused by cryptococcus neoformans. CLINICAL FEATURES Multiple brown papules. Occurs in patients with malignant lymphoma.
- 29. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS Non specific single or multiple ulcers. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES Gram positive, budding,yeast-like cell with thick gelatinous capsule. Measures 5-20um with a clear halo. TREATMENT Amphotericin B