This document discusses genetic operators used in genetic algorithms. The key genetic operators are selection, crossover, and mutation. Mutation alters chromosome values from one generation to the next and helps maintain genetic diversity. Common mutation operators include bit flip mutation, random resetting, swap mutation, scramble mutation, inversion mutation, and insert mutation. Mutation for permutation representations may involve swapping, inserting, or scrambling gene values.

1. Vijaya priya p
I Msc (cs)

2. Genetic operator
Genetic operator manipulate chromosome
and solution.
Selection operator
Mutation operator
Crossover operator

3. Genetic algorithm process

5. Selection operator population

6. Crossover operator
Two point crossover

7. mutation
A muation occurs when a DNA gene is
damaged or changed in such a way as to
alter the genetic message carried by the
gene.
Sudden heritable change in genetic
Material or character of an organism
Is known as mutation.

8. Mutation is a genetic operator used to
maintain genetic diversity from one generation
of a population of chromosome to the next.
Mutation alters one or more gene values
In a chromosome from its initial state.
The solution may change entirely from
The previous solution.

9. Mutation process

10. Mutation oprators
 We describe some of the most commonly
Used mutation operator.
 like this crossoverOprators, this is not an
exhautive list .
 The GA designer might find a combinations
Of these approches or a problem-specific
Mutation oprator.

11.  Bit flip mutation
 Random resetting
 Swap mutation
 Scramble mutation
 Inversion mutation
 Insert mutation
Bit flip mutation:
In this bit flip mutation ,we select one or
more random bits and flip them. This is
Used for binary encoded Gas.

12. Bit flip mutation

13. Random resetting is an extension of the bit
flip for the integer representation.
In this, a random value from the set of
Permissible values is assigned to a randomly
Chosen gene.
Value range from [1,8]
Random resetting

14. Swap mutation
 We select two position on the chromosome at
Random , and interchange the values. This is
Common in permutation based encodings.

15. Scramble mutation
 Scramble mutation is also popular with
permutation representations. In this
 The entire chromosome, a subset of genes is
chosen and their Values are scrambled or
shuffled randomly.

16. Inverse mutation
Inverse mutation is one type of mutation.
Inversion mutation occur when a section of
DNA breaks away from a chromosome
during the reproductive process and then
Reattaches to the chromosome in reversed
Order.

17. Insert mutation
It picks two alleles at random and moves
One so that it is next to the other ,shuffling
Along the others to make room

18. Genetic oprators mutation:

19. Mutation for permutation
representation
It is no longer possible to consider each
Gene independently;
Rather finding legal Mutation of moving
alleles around in the chromosome.
Following are the three order-based
mutations for the first type of representation
Where the order in which events occur
Is important

20. • Swap mutation
(inter changing)
• Insert mutation(inserting )
• Scramble mutation
(shuffled randomly)
types

21. Split and exchange Parent chromosome Randomly inherit genes
From either parent
Mutation for permutation representation diagram

22. Point and deletion mutation