In the year of 1970 saw the starting invention of the five-phase motor as the milestone in advanced electric motor. Through the years, there are many researchers, which passionately worked towards developing for multiphase drive system. They developed a static transformation system to obtain a multiphase supply from the available three-phase supply. This idea gives an influence for further development in electric machines as an example; an efficient solution for bulk power transfer. This paper highlighted the detail descriptions that lead to five-phase supply with fixed voltage and frequency by using Finite-Element Method (FEM). Identifying of specification on a real transformer had been done before applied into software modeling. Therefore, Finite-Element Method provides clearly understandable in terms of visualize the geometry modeling, connection scheme and output waveform.
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
This document summarizes a study that models and implements a closed loop PI controller for a 3 phase to 3 phase power conversion using a matrix converter. The key points are:
1) A mathematical model of the 3 phase matrix converter circuit is developed in MATLAB/Simulink to achieve less computational time and evaluate the performance of the PI controller.
2) The PI controller is used to achieve real-time control of the 3 phase to 3 phase matrix converter.
3) Duty cycles of the bidirectional switches in the matrix converter are calculated using a modified Venturini algorithm to achieve maximum voltage transfer ratios.
This document contains a practical work book for a power system analysis course. It includes 10 experiments on topics like analysis of three phase star and delta connected systems under balanced and unbalanced loads, demonstration of the single phase equivalent of a three phase star connected network, simulation of three phase short circuits using MATLAB, selection of circuit breakers for three phase faults, and analysis of transients in power systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn and apply concepts related to power system modeling, analysis, and protection.
Investigation of TTMC-SVPWM Strategies for Diode Clamped and Cascaded H-bridg...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents a concept of two types multilevel inverters such as diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge for harmonic reduction on high power applications. Normally, multilevel inverters can be used to reduce the harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This paer focused on the performance and analysis of a three phase seven level inverter including diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge based on new tripizodal triangular space vector PWM technique approaches. TTMC based modified Space vector Pulse width modulation technique so called tripizodal triangular Space vector Pulse width modulation (TTMC-SVPWM) technique. In this paper the reference sine wave generated as in case of conventional off set injected SVPWM technique. It is observed that the TTMC-Space vector pulse width modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results and THD is compared to seven level, diode clamped and cascaded multi level inverters. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
The document discusses load flow studies in power systems. Load flow analysis is important for planning future expansion and determining optimal operation of existing power systems. It provides key information like voltage magnitude and phase angle at each bus and real and reactive power flows. Bus classification depends on which quantities are specified - P,Q buses specify real and reactive power, P,V buses specify real power and voltage magnitude, and the slack bus specifies voltage magnitude and phase angle. Nodal admittance matrix formulation and numerical load flow examples are also presented.
This project proposes the performance of a 4- switch, 3-phase inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive
system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed realization, instead of a usual 6-switch
three-phase inverter (SSTPI) a 4-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) is used. A cost effective FSTPI fed IM
drive using Field-Oriented-Control and Space-Vector PWM controller (with new control SVPWM approach) is
implemented as a simulation model. This reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the
complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6 PWM logic signals. Furthermore, the
proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. In this paper, a simulation
model of the drive system is developed and analyzed in order to verify the effectiveness of the approach. A
performance comparison of the proposed IS3P inverter fed drive with a conventional 6S3P inverter fed drive is
also mode in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THI)) of the stator current. Simulation
results show that the proposed drive system provides a fast speed response and good disturbance rejection
capability. The designed inverter fed IM drive is found suitable considering its cost decrease.
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
This document summarizes a study that models and implements a closed loop PI controller for a 3 phase to 3 phase power conversion using a matrix converter. The key points are:
1) A mathematical model of the 3 phase matrix converter circuit is developed in MATLAB/Simulink to achieve less computational time and evaluate the performance of the PI controller.
2) The PI controller is used to achieve real-time control of the 3 phase to 3 phase matrix converter.
3) Duty cycles of the bidirectional switches in the matrix converter are calculated using a modified Venturini algorithm to achieve maximum voltage transfer ratios.
This document contains a practical work book for a power system analysis course. It includes 10 experiments on topics like analysis of three phase star and delta connected systems under balanced and unbalanced loads, demonstration of the single phase equivalent of a three phase star connected network, simulation of three phase short circuits using MATLAB, selection of circuit breakers for three phase faults, and analysis of transients in power systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn and apply concepts related to power system modeling, analysis, and protection.
Investigation of TTMC-SVPWM Strategies for Diode Clamped and Cascaded H-bridg...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents a concept of two types multilevel inverters such as diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge for harmonic reduction on high power applications. Normally, multilevel inverters can be used to reduce the harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This paer focused on the performance and analysis of a three phase seven level inverter including diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge based on new tripizodal triangular space vector PWM technique approaches. TTMC based modified Space vector Pulse width modulation technique so called tripizodal triangular Space vector Pulse width modulation (TTMC-SVPWM) technique. In this paper the reference sine wave generated as in case of conventional off set injected SVPWM technique. It is observed that the TTMC-Space vector pulse width modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results and THD is compared to seven level, diode clamped and cascaded multi level inverters. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
The document discusses load flow studies in power systems. Load flow analysis is important for planning future expansion and determining optimal operation of existing power systems. It provides key information like voltage magnitude and phase angle at each bus and real and reactive power flows. Bus classification depends on which quantities are specified - P,Q buses specify real and reactive power, P,V buses specify real power and voltage magnitude, and the slack bus specifies voltage magnitude and phase angle. Nodal admittance matrix formulation and numerical load flow examples are also presented.
This project proposes the performance of a 4- switch, 3-phase inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive
system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed realization, instead of a usual 6-switch
three-phase inverter (SSTPI) a 4-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) is used. A cost effective FSTPI fed IM
drive using Field-Oriented-Control and Space-Vector PWM controller (with new control SVPWM approach) is
implemented as a simulation model. This reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the
complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6 PWM logic signals. Furthermore, the
proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. In this paper, a simulation
model of the drive system is developed and analyzed in order to verify the effectiveness of the approach. A
performance comparison of the proposed IS3P inverter fed drive with a conventional 6S3P inverter fed drive is
also mode in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THI)) of the stator current. Simulation
results show that the proposed drive system provides a fast speed response and good disturbance rejection
capability. The designed inverter fed IM drive is found suitable considering its cost decrease.
A Novel Distribution System Power Flow Algorithm using Forward Backward Matri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Genetic Algorithm Application in Asymmetrical 9-Level InverterIJPEDS-IAES
Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) has been a widely researched
alternative to traditional PWM techniques. This paper presents the selective
harmonic elimination of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel inverter
(USAMI) using genetic algorithm (GA) which eliminates specified higher
order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This
technique can be applied to USAMI with any number of levels. As an
example, in this paper a 9-level USAMI is considered and the optimum
switching angles are calculated to eliminate the 5th, 7th and 11th harmonics.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
Study of power flow and transmission capacity in multi phase transmission linesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study comparing the power flow and transmission capacity of multi-phase transmission lines to three-phase lines. The study developed several performance characteristic curves relating to power flow and voltage stability for multi-phase systems. These included load end real and reactive power operating contour maps, reactive power loss characteristics, and voltage-power characteristics. Across all characteristics analyzed, the study found that multi-phase transmission systems have higher power handling capacity and are more secure from a voltage stability perspective compared to equivalent three-phase systems. Specifically, increasing the number of phases from three to four or twelve phases resulted in 10-20% greater reactive and real power transfer capacity while maintaining voltage stability.
Switched DC Sources Based Novel Multilevel InverterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a novel multilevel inverter topology that uses switched DC sources. The proposed topology connects alternate DC sources in opposite polarities through power switches, significantly reducing the number of switches compared to existing topologies. The operating principle of a single-phase five-level inverter using two DC sources is demonstrated. Mathematical equations are provided to describe the output voltage, source currents, voltage stresses on switches, and number of output levels for the generalized topology. Losses associated with the power switches are also discussed.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
This document outlines experiments related to power system simulation laboratory. It includes 10 experiments covering topics like computation of transmission line parameters, modeling of transmission lines, formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices, load flow analysis using different methods, fault analysis, stability analysis of single machine and multimachine systems, electromagnetic transients, load-frequency dynamics, and economic dispatch. The document provides theoretical background and procedures for conducting each experiment using MATLAB software. Sample problems are also included for some experiments to demonstrate the modeling and simulation of different power system components and analysis.
MLI Power Topologies and Voltage Eminence: An Exploratory Reviewijeei-iaes
Due to their performances and inherent edges, particularly in medium-voltage and dynamic applications, multilevel inverters have received associate degree increasing attention in universe industrial applications. This paper deals with a review of the most structure electrical converter topologies additionally their commonest derived and hybrid structures quoted in previous analysis works. It additionally encompasses associate degree investigation on voltage harmonic elimination and THD estimation. For that reason, the paper summarizes the foremost relevant modulation techniques used to date to boost the output voltage quality. Theoretical formulas elicited within the literature, for calculating the output voltage THD higher and lower bounds area unit reportable and verified by adequate simulations.
H6 Transformer less Topology and Its Modulation Strategy for Mitigating Cm Cu...IJERA Editor
MATLABbasedsingle-phase three-level topology for a transformer less photovoltaic system is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional H-bridge topology, it only needs two additional asymmetrically distributed switches, and the system common-mode voltage can be kept constant with a simple modulation scheme. Family of H6 transformer less inverter topologies with low leakage currents is proposed and highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) topology is also presented in this paper. The proposed inverter can also operate with high frequency by retaining high efficiency which enables reduced cooling system. Finally, the proposed new topology is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the accuracy of the theoretical explanation.
An Implementation Mechanisms of SVM Control Strategies Applied to Five Levels...IJPEDS-IAES
In the area of the energy control with high voltage and power, the multilevel inverters constitute a relatively recent research orientation. The current applications of this technology are in the domains of the high voltage (over hundred kV), variable speed drives, transport and distribution of a good quality of electrical energy (HVDC, FACTS system, ....). To improve the output voltage for such inverters, many different modulation strategies have been developed. Among these strategies, the SVM (Space Vector Modulation). The technique provide the nearest switching vectors sequence to the reference vector without involving trigonometric functions and provide the additional advantages of superior harmonic quality. In this paper, we analyze different mechanisms of the output voltage synthesis and the problem of even order harmonic production. With the proposed a new trajectory SVM, which can eliminate all the even order harmonics for five levels inverter. Show clearly how to deduce the trajectories from the sequences allowing to have better performances among several possible trajectories. It is dedicated to the application of two particular trajectories.
High Performance of Matrix Converter Fed Induction Motor for IPF Compensation...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a new direct space vector modulation (DSVM) method to improve the input power factor of a matrix converter fed induction motor drive system. The new DSVM method allows control of the displacement angle between the input voltage and current of the matrix converter to maximize the input power factor. Two input power factor compensation algorithms using the new DSVM method are proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation algorithms in improving the input power factor under different load conditions. The document also provides background on the structure and operation of matrix converters, induction motors, and the issues caused by input filters in matrix converter systems that the new DSVM method aims to address.
Improvement of Voltage Quality of Micro Turbine Generator With Matrix Convert...IJERA Editor
In recent years, application of Distributed Generation (DG) sources has increased significantly. Micro turbine-Generator (MTG) is well suitable for different distributed generation applications, because it can be connected in parallel to serve larger loads, can provide reliable power and has low-emission. The main characteristics of MTG can be summarized in low maintenance, capacity of operation with liquid and gas fuels (including natural gas) and small area required for installation [1]. MTGs have the rated power from 30 to 250 kW, generating electricity in ac, and they can be installed in isolated conditions or synchronized with the electrical utility.MTGs are available as single-shaft or split-shaft units. Single-shaft unit is a high-speed synchronous machine with the compressor and turbine mounted on the same shaft. While, the split-shaft design uses a power turbine rotating at 3000 rpm and a conventional generator connected via a synchronous generator-PMSG), frequency converters (interface converters), and protection and control systems (Fig. 1)[1] . The interface converter is used to convert PMSG output voltage frequency (high frequency) to power system (50/60 Hz) frequency.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a dual inverter topology for open-ended winding induction motor drives. The topology uses a single DC source and a floating capacitor bank to achieve multi-level output voltages. Switching combinations are used to control the voltage of the floating capacitor bank and charge it to half the main DC link voltage. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the motor drive operating with open-loop V/f control and closed-loop field oriented control.
DISTRIBUTION LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RDIAL & MESH DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMIAEME Publication
This document presents a new and efficient method for solving load flow problems in radial and weakly meshed distribution systems. The proposed method is based on network topology, circuit laws, and power summation techniques. It uses loop analysis to account for the impact of tie lines in meshed networks. The algorithm calculates effective power injections, voltage drops, and loop currents to solve for bus voltages and power losses. It was coded in MATLAB and tested on IEEE 33-bus test systems. Results show the voltage profile, power losses, computation time, and number of iterations for different systems and operating conditions. The proposed method provides an efficient way to analyze load flow in distribution networks with radial and weakly meshed topologies.
Speed control of IM using Space Vector ModulationAsif Jamadar
This document presents a project on controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). It discusses the aims of developing a simulation and prototype model for V/f speed control. It describes different PWM techniques and speed control methods for induction motors. It also explains the concepts of space vector modulation including voltage vectors, reference vectors, sector selection, and duty cycle calculation. The hardware and software implementation are outlined, including the inverter design, gate driver circuit, and MATLAB simulation model. Test results demonstrate varying the motor speed by adjusting the voltage and frequency while maintaining a constant V/f ratio.
Exp 3 (1)3. To Formulate YBUS Matrix By Singular Transformation.Shweta Yadav
The document describes formulating a YBUS matrix for a power system network model using MATLAB. It presents the theory behind developing the bus admittance matrix YBUS using Kirchhoff's current law and singular transformation. An example 4-bus power system is given, and the student is asked to calculate the YBUS matrix with and without a dotted transmission line connected.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Most importantly one can identify locations of inputs and outputs of the portions of a model and specify the operating conditions about which the model is linearized for further analysis. Other important feature of Simulink is a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian LQG control technique which is used to design optimal dynamic regulators, Kalman estimators and filters.
Modified approach for harmonic reduction in three-phase to seven-phase using ...IJECEIAES
Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as seven phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 7 phase using 24-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 7 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure seven-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and “SimPowerSystem” block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
A Novel Distribution System Power Flow Algorithm using Forward Backward Matri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Genetic Algorithm Application in Asymmetrical 9-Level InverterIJPEDS-IAES
Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) has been a widely researched
alternative to traditional PWM techniques. This paper presents the selective
harmonic elimination of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel inverter
(USAMI) using genetic algorithm (GA) which eliminates specified higher
order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This
technique can be applied to USAMI with any number of levels. As an
example, in this paper a 9-level USAMI is considered and the optimum
switching angles are calculated to eliminate the 5th, 7th and 11th harmonics.
IRJET - Comparison of Different Third Harmonic Injected PWM Strategies for 5-...IRJET Journal
This document compares three third harmonic injected PWM strategies for controlling a 5-level diode clamped inverter: THI-IPD, THI-APOD, and THI-POD. It discusses the inverter topology, describes how a third harmonic is added to the reference signal to increase the fundamental component, and outlines the three modulation strategies. Simulation and experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the strategies in terms of output voltage quality.
Study of power flow and transmission capacity in multi phase transmission linesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study comparing the power flow and transmission capacity of multi-phase transmission lines to three-phase lines. The study developed several performance characteristic curves relating to power flow and voltage stability for multi-phase systems. These included load end real and reactive power operating contour maps, reactive power loss characteristics, and voltage-power characteristics. Across all characteristics analyzed, the study found that multi-phase transmission systems have higher power handling capacity and are more secure from a voltage stability perspective compared to equivalent three-phase systems. Specifically, increasing the number of phases from three to four or twelve phases resulted in 10-20% greater reactive and real power transfer capacity while maintaining voltage stability.
Switched DC Sources Based Novel Multilevel InverterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a novel multilevel inverter topology that uses switched DC sources. The proposed topology connects alternate DC sources in opposite polarities through power switches, significantly reducing the number of switches compared to existing topologies. The operating principle of a single-phase five-level inverter using two DC sources is demonstrated. Mathematical equations are provided to describe the output voltage, source currents, voltage stresses on switches, and number of output levels for the generalized topology. Losses associated with the power switches are also discussed.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
This document outlines experiments related to power system simulation laboratory. It includes 10 experiments covering topics like computation of transmission line parameters, modeling of transmission lines, formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices, load flow analysis using different methods, fault analysis, stability analysis of single machine and multimachine systems, electromagnetic transients, load-frequency dynamics, and economic dispatch. The document provides theoretical background and procedures for conducting each experiment using MATLAB software. Sample problems are also included for some experiments to demonstrate the modeling and simulation of different power system components and analysis.
MLI Power Topologies and Voltage Eminence: An Exploratory Reviewijeei-iaes
Due to their performances and inherent edges, particularly in medium-voltage and dynamic applications, multilevel inverters have received associate degree increasing attention in universe industrial applications. This paper deals with a review of the most structure electrical converter topologies additionally their commonest derived and hybrid structures quoted in previous analysis works. It additionally encompasses associate degree investigation on voltage harmonic elimination and THD estimation. For that reason, the paper summarizes the foremost relevant modulation techniques used to date to boost the output voltage quality. Theoretical formulas elicited within the literature, for calculating the output voltage THD higher and lower bounds area unit reportable and verified by adequate simulations.
H6 Transformer less Topology and Its Modulation Strategy for Mitigating Cm Cu...IJERA Editor
MATLABbasedsingle-phase three-level topology for a transformer less photovoltaic system is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional H-bridge topology, it only needs two additional asymmetrically distributed switches, and the system common-mode voltage can be kept constant with a simple modulation scheme. Family of H6 transformer less inverter topologies with low leakage currents is proposed and highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) topology is also presented in this paper. The proposed inverter can also operate with high frequency by retaining high efficiency which enables reduced cooling system. Finally, the proposed new topology is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the accuracy of the theoretical explanation.
An Implementation Mechanisms of SVM Control Strategies Applied to Five Levels...IJPEDS-IAES
In the area of the energy control with high voltage and power, the multilevel inverters constitute a relatively recent research orientation. The current applications of this technology are in the domains of the high voltage (over hundred kV), variable speed drives, transport and distribution of a good quality of electrical energy (HVDC, FACTS system, ....). To improve the output voltage for such inverters, many different modulation strategies have been developed. Among these strategies, the SVM (Space Vector Modulation). The technique provide the nearest switching vectors sequence to the reference vector without involving trigonometric functions and provide the additional advantages of superior harmonic quality. In this paper, we analyze different mechanisms of the output voltage synthesis and the problem of even order harmonic production. With the proposed a new trajectory SVM, which can eliminate all the even order harmonics for five levels inverter. Show clearly how to deduce the trajectories from the sequences allowing to have better performances among several possible trajectories. It is dedicated to the application of two particular trajectories.
High Performance of Matrix Converter Fed Induction Motor for IPF Compensation...IOSR Journals
This document discusses a new direct space vector modulation (DSVM) method to improve the input power factor of a matrix converter fed induction motor drive system. The new DSVM method allows control of the displacement angle between the input voltage and current of the matrix converter to maximize the input power factor. Two input power factor compensation algorithms using the new DSVM method are proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation algorithms in improving the input power factor under different load conditions. The document also provides background on the structure and operation of matrix converters, induction motors, and the issues caused by input filters in matrix converter systems that the new DSVM method aims to address.
Improvement of Voltage Quality of Micro Turbine Generator With Matrix Convert...IJERA Editor
In recent years, application of Distributed Generation (DG) sources has increased significantly. Micro turbine-Generator (MTG) is well suitable for different distributed generation applications, because it can be connected in parallel to serve larger loads, can provide reliable power and has low-emission. The main characteristics of MTG can be summarized in low maintenance, capacity of operation with liquid and gas fuels (including natural gas) and small area required for installation [1]. MTGs have the rated power from 30 to 250 kW, generating electricity in ac, and they can be installed in isolated conditions or synchronized with the electrical utility.MTGs are available as single-shaft or split-shaft units. Single-shaft unit is a high-speed synchronous machine with the compressor and turbine mounted on the same shaft. While, the split-shaft design uses a power turbine rotating at 3000 rpm and a conventional generator connected via a synchronous generator-PMSG), frequency converters (interface converters), and protection and control systems (Fig. 1)[1] . The interface converter is used to convert PMSG output voltage frequency (high frequency) to power system (50/60 Hz) frequency.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a dual inverter topology for open-ended winding induction motor drives. The topology uses a single DC source and a floating capacitor bank to achieve multi-level output voltages. Switching combinations are used to control the voltage of the floating capacitor bank and charge it to half the main DC link voltage. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the motor drive operating with open-loop V/f control and closed-loop field oriented control.
DISTRIBUTION LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RDIAL & MESH DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMIAEME Publication
This document presents a new and efficient method for solving load flow problems in radial and weakly meshed distribution systems. The proposed method is based on network topology, circuit laws, and power summation techniques. It uses loop analysis to account for the impact of tie lines in meshed networks. The algorithm calculates effective power injections, voltage drops, and loop currents to solve for bus voltages and power losses. It was coded in MATLAB and tested on IEEE 33-bus test systems. Results show the voltage profile, power losses, computation time, and number of iterations for different systems and operating conditions. The proposed method provides an efficient way to analyze load flow in distribution networks with radial and weakly meshed topologies.
Speed control of IM using Space Vector ModulationAsif Jamadar
This document presents a project on controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). It discusses the aims of developing a simulation and prototype model for V/f speed control. It describes different PWM techniques and speed control methods for induction motors. It also explains the concepts of space vector modulation including voltage vectors, reference vectors, sector selection, and duty cycle calculation. The hardware and software implementation are outlined, including the inverter design, gate driver circuit, and MATLAB simulation model. Test results demonstrate varying the motor speed by adjusting the voltage and frequency while maintaining a constant V/f ratio.
Exp 3 (1)3. To Formulate YBUS Matrix By Singular Transformation.Shweta Yadav
The document describes formulating a YBUS matrix for a power system network model using MATLAB. It presents the theory behind developing the bus admittance matrix YBUS using Kirchhoff's current law and singular transformation. An example 4-bus power system is given, and the student is asked to calculate the YBUS matrix with and without a dotted transmission line connected.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Most importantly one can identify locations of inputs and outputs of the portions of a model and specify the operating conditions about which the model is linearized for further analysis. Other important feature of Simulink is a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian LQG control technique which is used to design optimal dynamic regulators, Kalman estimators and filters.
Modified approach for harmonic reduction in three-phase to seven-phase using ...IJECEIAES
Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as seven phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 7 phase using 24-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 7 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure seven-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and “SimPowerSystem” block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
A New Multilevel Inverter Structure For High-Power Applications using Multi-c...IJPEDS-IAES
This document presents a new multilevel inverter structure that can be used in high-power applications. The proposed topology uses a cascaded connection of basic units, each consisting of a full-bridge inverter. This reduces the number of required components compared to other multilevel inverter structures. Two methods are presented for determining the DC voltage source values: a symmetric method where all sources have the same value, and an asymmetric method where the values differ. A multi-carrier PWM strategy is used to generate the switching signals. Simulation results show the 25-level inverter generates output voltages and currents with total harmonic distortions of 5.57% and 0.083%, respectively.
This document presents a comparative study of five-level and seven-level diode-clamped inverters controlled by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). MATLAB/SIMULINK models of the two inverter topologies were developed. SVPWM control algorithms based on symmetrical sequence were used for each inverter. Both inverters were simulated driving an induction motor. The results showed that the seven-level inverter produced less harmonic distortion and torque fluctuations in the motor, while the five-level inverter had lower commutation losses. The seven-level inverter provided better motor dynamic response.
Modelling and Simulation of a Sensorless Control of a True Asymmetric Cascade...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper introduces a new method to track the saliency of an AC motor fed
by a multilevel converter through measuring the dynamic current response of
the motor line currents due the IGBT switching actions. The method uses
only the fundamental PWM waveform (i.e there is no modification to the
operation of the multilevel converter) similar to the fundamental PWM
method proposed for a 2-level converter. Simulation results are provided to
demonstrate the performance of the complete sensorless speed control of a
PM motor driven by such a converter over a wide speed range. Finally the
paper introduces a comparison between the 2-level converter and the
multilevel converter in terms of the reduction of the total harmonic distortion
(THD) using the fundamental PWM method in both cases.
This document proposes an efficient solar powered induction motor drive system for water pumping applications. It uses a photovoltaic array, push-pull DC-DC boost converter, and three-phase inverter with the solar array as the energy source. Two PWM techniques, sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM, are implemented and compared for the inverter switching. Incremental conductance algorithm is used for maximum power point tracking of the PV array. Simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
This paper presents new modified space vector pulse width modulation techniques (Phase disposition-Space vector pulse width modulation, Alternative Phase Opposition disposition- Space vector pulse width modulation and Phase Opposition disposition-Space vector pulse width modulation) are analyzed for three-phase cascaded multi-level inverter fed induction motor from the point of view of the Phase voltages, line voltage, stator current,speed,torque and Total harmonic distortion.in the proposed modified technique the reference signals are generated by adding offset voltage to the reference phase voltages.This modified SVPWM technique does not involve region indentification,sector identification for switching vector determination as are required in the conventional multi level SVPWM technique,it is also reduces the computation time compared to the conventional space vector PWM technique.The necessary calculations for generation of new modified SVPWM for the modulation strategies have presented in detail. It is observed that the modified SVPWM modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results and THD is compared to for five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level Cascaded H-Bride Multi-level Inverter fed to Induction motor. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
One of the preferred choices of electronic power conversion for high power applications are multilevel inverters topologies finding increased attention in industry. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is one of these topologies reaching the higher output voltage, power level and higher reliability due to its modular topology. Level Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (LSCPWM) and Phase Shifted Carrier Pulse Width Modulation are used generally for switching cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters. This paper compares LSCPWM and PSCPWM in terms of total harmonics distortion (THD) and output voltage among inverter cells. Simulation for 21-level CHB inverter is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation results are presented.
This paper is an attempt to develop an Induction Motor Drive System with Multilevel Inverter topology for reduced torque ripple application. A Nine level-cascaded multilevel inverter is developed for the induction motor drive with SVPWM control powered by boost converter fed using solar PV supply. The SVPWM control based implementation of vector control using a multilevel inverter topology needs a multilevel SVPWM control technique, which is implemented in this paper. The Solar power supplied is applied with the MPPT technique and the supplied DC power is fed to the three phase cascaded 9 level multilevel inverter. The vector control of induction motor is carried out using the SVPWM technique on the multilevel topology. The torque ripple reduction in the output is observed and compared with the vector control of induction motor. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred.
Wind Energy Conversion Based On Matrix ConverterIAES-IJPEDS
In recent years renewable sources such as solar, wave and wind are used for the generation of electricity. Wind is one of the major renewable sources. The amount of energy from a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) depends not only on the wind at the site, but also on the control strategy used for the WECS. In assistance to get the appropriate wind energy from the conversion system, wind turbine generator will be run in variable speed mode. The variable speed capability is achieved through the use of an advanced power electronic converter. Fixed speed wind turbines and induction generators are often used in wind farms. But the limitations of such generators are low efficiency and poor power quality which necessitates the variable speed wind turbine generators such as Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A high-performance configuration can be obtained by using a PMSG and a converter in combination AC-DC-AC connect between stator & rotor points for providing the required variable speed operation.
Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase...IJPEDS-IAES
This document summarizes and compares three pulse width modulation techniques - sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM), and space vector PWM (SVPWM) - for a three-phase voltage source inverter. SPWM is the simplest technique but has drawbacks like higher total harmonic distortion and lower switching frequency. THIPWM provides better THD than SPWM. SVPWM shows lower THD than both SPWM and THIPWM, especially in overmodulation regions and at high frequencies. The document presents the theoretical principles, simulation models, and results of the three techniques, showing that SVPWM achieves the best performance and meets current harmonic standards.
IRJET- Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converter using PI Controller and Tra...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a technique to generate a seven-phase power supply from a standard three-phase supply using a special transformer connection. The transformer has three cores, with one primary winding and multiple secondary windings on each core. By connecting the secondary windings with different turn ratios, seven phases can be produced with the required 51.43 degree phase shift between each phase. A PI controller is also used to reduce noise and errors in the converted signal. The proposed transformer connection could enable applications like seven-phase power transmission systems, rectifiers, and electric motor testing by providing a pure sinusoidal seven-phase supply.
Multilevel Inverter using SPWM Technique for AC Power SupplyIJERA Editor
This paper presents two multilevel inverter for AC power supply. The cascaded H bridge topology of multilevel inverter is implemented .The control strategy has been design using SPWM technique. The operation of multilevel inverter is analyzed. The output has controlled and reduction in harmonic and THD. The simulation model has been built in matlab simulink and results are observed.
Design & Simulation Of 3-Phase, 15-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJERA Editor
This document describes the design and simulation of a 15-level three-phase inverter with a reverse voltage topology. A new topology is proposed that requires fewer components than existing inverters, particularly at higher voltage levels. This reduces complexity. The 15-level inverter is modeled and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation results show the output voltage waveform, total harmonic distortion within reasonable limits, and voltage and current waveforms. The proposed inverter provides high voltage output with reduced harmonic distortion and lower component count.
Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascad...IJAAS Team
This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
A Simple Strategy of Controlling a Balanced Voltage Capacitor in Single Phase...IAES-IJPEDS
The five-level inverter has been used for many applications in renewable energy systems. Even though its harmonic distortion was lower than the conventional two-level inverter. The five-level converter has some disadvantages such as increasing power semiconductor, complex pulse width modulation control methods, and problem with the voltage balancing of the capacitor. This paper aims to propose a modified five-level inverter based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation using phase shifted carrier to enhancing the capacitor voltage balancing. This modified five-level inverter reduces the overall cost and the complexity of the pulse width modulator. Thus making the proposed control system highly simple. The performance and its controller were validated by means of standard laboratory equipments. The analysis, simulation and implementation result showed better performance of five-level inverter.
A Three-to-Five-Phase Matrix Converter BasedFive- Phase Induction Motor Drive...idescitation
This paper presents a five-phase induction motor drive
system fed from a three-to-five-phase matrix converter. This
is a new concept of generating variable voltage and variable
frequency five-phase output using a special matrix converter.
This matrix converter is proposed recently which transform
the available three-phase supply to five-phase supply. Simple
carrier-based PWM scheme with enhanced approach is
employed to control the output of the matrix converter.
Enhanced approach is utilized so as to increase the output
voltage magnitude of the three-to-five-phase matrix converter.
The motor is controlled in constant v/f mode. Simulation study
is carried out for excitation, acceleration, loadingand reversing
transients. High quality dynamics are observed.
Study and Simulation of Seven Level - Ten Switch Inverter TopologyMohd Esa
Compared to conventional two-level inverter, multilevel inverter
performance is high because of their reduced harmonic distortion, less
electromagnetic interference, reduced common mode voltage and higher dc link
voltages. However complex pulse width modulation control, balancing of
capacitor voltages & increased number of switches are main drawbacks of
multilevel inverter.This paper focuses on study and simulation of single phase
seven level inverter topology using only ten switches. This paper also presents
two different control techniques for seven level-ten switch inverter topology.Rload
is connected to inverter and simulation is performed using
MATLAB/Simulink Software.
In recent research, there has been an extensive increase in interest to multilevel power
conversion. The introduction of new inverter topologies & unique modulation
techniques was involved in recent research studies. However, the most commonly
used multi-level inverter topologies are multi-cell inverter [1], diode clamped inverter
[2]-[5] and capacitor clamped inverter [6]. Some applications for these inverters
include industrial drives, flexible ac transmission systems [7], traction applications in
the transport industry and grid integration of non-conventional energy sources.
The seven level-ten switch topology is a symmetrical topology since the values of
all voltage sources are the same. However, there are several asymmetrical topologies
that need voltage sources of different values. This asymmetry results in the need of dc
voltage sources having a specific relation between them and also the difference in
rating of the semiconductor switches. This paper, presents study and simulation of a
new multilevel inverter topology named reversing voltage (RV) [8]. This topology
requires less number of components compared to conventional topologies. It is also
more efficient since the inverter has a component which operates the switching power
devices at line frequency. Therefore, there is no need for all switches to work in high
frequency which leads to simpler and more reliable control of the inverter. Two
different control techniques are used in this paper to drive the inverter .The simulation
results of the seven level-ten switch inverter topology are presented.
Asymmetrical Cascaded Multi Level Inverter using Control Freedom Pulse width ...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the suggested topologies are gained by cascading a full bridge inverter with dissimilar DC sources. This topology has several new patterns adopting the fixed switching frequency, multicarrier control freedom degree with mixture conceptions are established and simulated for the preferred three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter. In outstanding switching arrangement terminations, there are convinced degrees of freedom to produce the nine level AC output voltages with terminated switching positions for producing altered output voltages. These investigations focus on asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter engaging with carrier overlapping pulse width modulation (PWM) topologies. These topologies offer less amount of harmonics present in the output voltage and superior root mean square (RMS) values of the output voltages associated with the traditional sinusoidal pulse width modulation. This research studies carries with it MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation and experimental results obtained using appropriated prototype to prove the validity of the proposed concept.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Similar to Multiphase Transformer Modelling using Finite Element Method (20)
42 30 nA Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices for Industrial PWM ...IAES-IJPEDS
This document compares the performance of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) for use in industrial pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. SPICE simulations were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of a 1200V SiC MOSFET and a similar 1200V IGBT at different temperatures and gate resistances. The results show that the SiC MOSFET has lower conduction and switching losses than the Si IGBT. In particular, the SiC MOSFET exhibits lower drain-source voltage, higher switching speeds, and smoother switching waveforms. This makes the SiC MOSFET a more efficient choice than the Si IGBT
Modeling and State Feedback Controller Design of Tubular Linear Permanent Mag...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper a state feedback controller for tubular linear permanent magnet
synchronous motor (TLPMSM) containing two gas springs, is presented.
The proposed TLPMSM controller is used to control reciprocating motions
of TLPMSM. The analytical plant model of TLPMSM is a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) system which is decoupled to some sub single-input
single-output (SISO) systems, then, the sub SISO systems are converted to
sub-state space models. Indeed, the TLPMSM state space model is decoupled
to some sub-state spaces, and then, the gains of state feedback are calculated
by linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method for each sub-state space
separately. The controller decreases the distortions of the waveforms.
The simulation results indicate the validity of the controller.
Analysis of Harmonics and Ripple Current in Multi-Module Converters with Incr...IAES-IJPEDS
This document analyzes harmonics and ripple current in multi-module converters with increasing numbers of modules for high power applications. It summarizes the design and harmonic analysis of 12-pulse, 24-pulse, 36-pulse and 48-pulse converters connected to a grid. Simulation results from MATLAB show the 48-pulse converter is most effective at mitigating harmonics, making it suitable for high power utility applications. The document also reviews literature on multipulse converters and modulation techniques.
Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives during Voltage SagIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to
voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of
type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s
are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed,
voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source
inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter, single phase two leg Vienna
rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are
compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are
simulated using Matlab /Simulink.
Modified Distribution Transformer for Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution...IAES-IJPEDS
The percentage of non-linear loads in the power distribution sector is increasing
day by day. Harmonics injected by these non-linear loads circulate in the delta
windings of the conventional distribution transformer thereby increasing the
temperature and losses. This reduces the efficiency and life of the transformers.
In a modified distribution transformer configuration proposed recently, called
star-star-delta_utilized configuration (YYD_utilized), the harmonics circulating
in the delta winding was utilized and the drainage power thus recovered was
used to power auxiliary loads. This paper presents the experimental studies
conducted on YYD_utilized distribution transformer. When compared to
conventional star-star, delta-star and star-star-delta transformers, the new
configuration of YYD_utilized transformer has shown considerable
improvement in transformer efficiency. The results obtained show that when
the power from the circulating harmonics is recovered and utilized, it not only
improves transformer efficiency but also improves the power factor
and reduces the harmonic distortions at the primary side of the transformer.
The results obtained also suggest the existence of maximum power point or an
optimum loading for the recovered harmonic power.
Modelling of Virtual Synchronous Converter for Grid-Inverter Synchronization ...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, virtual synchronous converter (VSCon) is been developed
which mimic the behavior of synchronous generator as in order to have fast
synchronization between the inverter with the grid. This synchronization is
important before can sent the power among inverter-grid connection. This
technique can also been applied at the distributed generated sources when are
connected to the local microgrids. Here, the frequency and voltage
synchronization also can be controlled at the same time some improvement
on synchronous generator mathematical model that is suitable to be
implemented into the inverter control. The whole unit of VSCon is operated
and simulated in Matlab/Simulink in order to observe all consequences
during synchronizing the voltage, frequency and phase-angle. It has been
verified by the simulation circuit where, the power converter can be
synchronized with the microrids without using a PLL unit for self
synchronization. This VSCon technique has proven that, by applying the
concept of the synchronous generator model in inverter control, it can cause
the inverter to behave as generator system, which does not required any
phase information from the grid in order to be synchronized.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to bypass the rotor over currents during
grid fault to enhance the fault ride through capability and to maintain system
stability. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategies in DFIG based grid connected wind turbine system.
An Improved of Multiple Harmonic Sources Identification in Distribution Syste...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper introduces an improved of multiple harmonic sources
identification that been produced by inverter loads in power system using
time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram.
The spectrogram is a very applicable method to represent signals in
time-frequency representation (TFR) and the main advantages
of spectrogram are the accuracy, speed of the algorithm and use low memory
size such that it can be computed rapidly. The identification of multiple
harmonic sources is based on the significant relationship of spectral
impedances which are the fundamental impedance (Z1) and harmonic
impedance (Zh) that extracted from TFR. To verify the accuracy of the
proposed method, MATLAB simulations carried out several unique cases
with different harmonic producing loads on IEEE 4-bus test feeder cases. It is
proven that the proposed method is superior with 100% correct identification
of multiple harmonic sources. It is envisioned that the method is very
accurate, fast and cost efficient to localize harmonic sources in distribution
system.
Performance and Energy Saving Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic in West...IAES-IJPEDS
The paper presents performance and energy saving analysis of 1.25 kWp grid
connected photovoltaic system under difference weather condition in West
Sumatera. The measured data were performed during weather data that often
occur in West Sumatra i.e. sunny, overcast, raining and cloudy.
The synchronizing process successfully done even bad weather conditions
when sunlight was low automatically. Photovoltaic in average start
producing power from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM for normal or clear sky, however
under overcast, raining and cloudy weather, the PV power decreased and
disconnected earlier before sunset. During intermittent raining, overcast and
cloud covered the PV power output show an irregular profile. The PV energy
saving performed for three residential connection cases: 1300 VA, 900 VA
with subsidized and 900 VA without subsidized. The solar PV installation
have more benefits and energy saving for 1300 VA, 900 VA without
subsidized with payback period around 8.5 years. However, the 900 VA with
subsidized take longer 20.8 years, but still in PV lifespan 25 years. In the
future, household subsidies may be reduced or eliminated, the solar energy
will be viable alternative of energy resources when it can produce electricity
at a cost equivalent to utility grid PLN rate.
An Improved Constant Voltage Based MPPT Technique for PMDC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an improved constant voltage based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for a permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) driven by a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system. The technique uses a pilot PV panel to measure the open circuit voltage of the main PV panel in order to track the MPP without disconnecting the panel from the load. A proportional-integrator controller is used to adjust the duty cycle of a DC-DC converter such that the PV voltage matches the MPP voltage. Simulation results show that the array efficiency increases under varying temperature and solar insolation conditions when using the improved MPPT technique compared to directly coupling the PV panel to the motor load.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverters in a microgrid. The scheme uses an impedance estimator to monitor changes in line impedances between inverters and the point of common coupling. It estimates the line impedance in real time using output voltages and currents of the inverters as well as voltages at the point of common coupling. The estimated line impedance is then fed into a virtual impedance loop to adjust the virtual impedance value and compensate for reactive power mismatches due to changing line impedances, improving power sharing performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme compared to conventional control methods.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Photovoltaic System with SEPIC Converter Controlled by the Fuzzy LogicIAES-IJPEDS
In this work, a fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output voltage of a
photovoltaic system with a DC-DC converter; type Single Ended Primary
Inductor Converter (SEPIC). The system is designed for 210 W solar
photovoltaic (SCHOTT 210) panel and to feed an average demand of 78 W.
This system includes solar panels, SEPIC converter and fuzzy logic
controller. The SEPIC converter provides a constant DC bus voltage and its
duty cycle controlled by the fuzzy logic controller which is needed to
improve PV panel’s utilization efficiency. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is
also used to generate the PWM signal for the SEPIC converter.
An Approach to Voltage Quality Enhancement by Introduction of CWVM for Distri...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power
system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage
flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse
electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are
introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage
Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is
also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can
compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The
simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic
and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach.
Electric Power Converter with a Wide Input Voltage RangeIAES-IJPEDS
The electric power converter for downhole telemetry systems of oil-well
pumps include a downhole block connected to the pump that contains
electronic circuits required for the operation of the motor pump sensors
and transmission of data about their condition to the surface are described.
A few methods of electric power conversion for this purpose are considered.
The circuit contained two steps of voltage converting are proposed.
The electrical scheme of this method is considered in the article. Proposed
decisions are simulated and verified experimentally. The input high supply
voltage range (200-4200 V) without loss of efficiency (even temporary) was
obtained. The results of simulation and experimental studies have shown
very close results.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Charging Optimization for Hybrid Elect...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a proposed real-time charging optimization system for hybrid electric vehicles using an Android application. The system would provide information like the vehicle's battery state of charge and location to help users find and reserve charging slots. It would calculate estimated time and distance to charging stations to allocate parking. Emergency mobile charging stations would also be available. The hardware implementation monitors a battery's voltage using an Arduino board and communicates the state of charge to an Android device via Bluetooth. Algorithms are developed to predict if a destination can be reached based on state of charge and provide alternate routes to nearby charging stations if needed. The system aims to make electric vehicle charging more convenient and help users efficiently plan routes and charging.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
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method, (FEM) techniques are useful to obtain an accurate characterization of the electromagnetic behavior
of the magnetic components, such as transformer. Then, the main advantages of the FEM over the other
methods because its ability to sketch model of transformer in geometrically and solve compositionally
complex problems [6]. In fact, it is capable to take into account the non-linearity and inhomogeneous
characteristic of the model [7]. Hence, it resulting a good approximation to the actual transformer model.
Moreover, the transient model coupled with external circuit, allows user to simulate the dynamic behavior of
the transformer with the real power supply and external load connection. This paper starts with a detailed
description of Multiphase concept and connection scheme in section 2. The number of turn for each core was
estimated accordingly. In section 3 described the design data based on the actual transformer. All this data
will be employed to create the model of transformer using FEM in section 4. In FEM, the model has typically
been coupled to circuit simulation using ANSYS Circuit Editor. This approach can be very accurate, but with
long duration of time taking for simulation. The result from FEM will be shown in this section. It was clearly
seen that the output is a balanced five-phase supply converting from a balanced three-phase input.
Figure 1. Block representation of the Multiphase system
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This section presented the technique to obtain of five phase as illustrated in Figure 3, Figure 4,
Table 1, and Table 2. The phase voltages are all equal in magnitude but only differ in their output phase
angle, which required for phase angle 72o
between each phase. The construction for output phase is found
using appropriate turns ratio from the principal of phasor diagram. The turn ratios of a transformer are
defined as the number of turns on its primary devided by the number of turns on its secondary. The turns
ratio of a transformer therefore defines the transformer as step-up or step-down. However, almost every
paper that has been written on multiphase transformer includes a section relating to turns ratio used 1:1 of
turns ratio. Under this condition, the ratio of the input to output voltages would be equal as in equation (1)
where is defined the turn ratio of the transformer. By examining the simulation graph in Figure 11 and 12,
the output of the three phase transformer in 20V after transforming from three phase to five phase the output
is also remaining as 20V.
(1)
Figure 2 below summarizes all necessary steps for creating a Multiphase of power Transformer:
Figure 2. Modeling process of Multiphase Transformer
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The phasor diagram for multiphase is drawn manually from AutoCAD. The correct use of
AutoCADs dimension is the key to producing consice measured drawings. To measure turns ratio, the
measurement of dimension lines phasor was used.The diagram in Figure 4 represents the winding
arrangement in order to develop a Multiphase system.
2.1. Phasor Diagram Construction
In the transformer modeling the input phases are indicated with letters “X”, “Y”, and “Z” refer
specifically to the red, yellow and blue color while the output phases are indicated with letters “A”, “B”, “C”,
“D” and “E” correspond to the green color as illustrated in Figure 2 of phasor diagram.
Figure 3. Phasor representation of the Multiphase transformer connection
The turn ratios will be determined through phasor scaling. This process can be done mathematically
by ruling the length of the diagonal line or their magnitude from zero point. For example output phase “A”
(VA) is along with input phase “X” (VX). Next, the output phase for “B” (VB) will be determined through
vector addition of two voltages which involves by forming a triangle. So, the components for output phase
“B” can be formed by adding two vectors (-VZ + VY). Similarly, “C” (VC) is obtained from vector (-VX +
VY). The output of phase “D” (VD) is obtained by the vector addition of voltage in (-VX + VZ) and last but not
least the output phase “E” (VE) is from the vector sum of voltage (-VY + VZ). In this way the five phases are
obtained from three phase to five phase. Yet, it may produce an error if not drawn phasor diagram accurately
or correctly to scale. So, the number of turn can be calculated by applying the formula proposed given in
Equation (3) with initial number of turn for primary winding are acquire from Faraday’s law equation in (2).
Np
.
(2)
Where:
V = RMS value
= frequency of the flux
= Number of turns on the primary winding
= Peak value of the flux
A = area of bobbin
4.44 = a constant [exact value = 2 /√2 ]
Table 1 and 2 shows the number of turn for primary and secondary of transformer using in modeling
by following the proposed equation below.
(3)
VC
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Table 1. Turn ratio for Primary turns.
Primary Length (Voltage Magnitude, V) Turns, N
X 10 200
Y 10 200
Z 10 200
Table 2. Turn ratio for Secondary turns.
Secondary
Length(Voltage
Magnitude, V)
Turns, N
X
10 200
4.7508 95
Y
2.4008 48
6.7872 136
8.5811 172
Z
2.4008 48
6.7872 136
8.5811 172
2.2. Winding Connection Scheme; star-star
In line with Table 1 and Table 2 can be seen for Multiphase system, three single phase transformers
are needed (X, Y, and Z). In each core carrying one primary and three secondary coils, except in core ‘x’
which only two secondary coils are used. Thus, this entire transformer consists of six terminal of primaries
(VX, VY and VZ) and 16 terminals of secondary (VA, VB, VC, VD and VE). The terminal from entire
transformer will be connected in star-star connection.
Figure 4. Winding arrangement of five phase transformer
3. MODEL DETAIL
Simulations from FEM were carried out based on custom build of single phase, shell-type
transformer. Shell form is characterized by the winding wrapped central to the three-legged of E and I
laminated core. Figure 5 shows the physical sketch dimension of magnetic core:
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Figure 5. Core Dimension
The window of core will determine the amount of copper that appears in the window area of
transformer. These entire factors are added together; total about 80 percent from the whole window core area
(Figure 6). The window utilization will be influenced by five factors which is:
a) Insulation of wire
b) Fill factor
c) Effective window area (or when using a toroid, the clearance hole for passage shuttle)
d) Insulation required for multiplayer windings, or between windings
e) Workmanship, (quality)
Figure 6. Window areas for copper
By employing the Equation (2) and (3), data were gathered and given as in Table 3. Hence, the
diameter of the wire is then be determined by transformer window size accordingly to the highest number of
windings. By referring to the table, core ‘y’ and core ‘z’ has the highest value of 556 turns.
Table 3. Total number of winding for each core
Core
Winding
X Y Z
Primary 1 200 200 200
Secondary 1 200 48 48
Secondary 2 95 136 136
Secondary 3 - 172 172
Total 495 556 556
Diameter of wire can be determined using the Equation (4):
(4)
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61
= 67mm x 20mm
= 134 mm2
d2
= 0.8
= 0.241mm2
d = √0.0241
= 0.49mm / 24 gauge (AWG)
4. FEM SIMULATION RESULT
Multiphase systems of transformer in FEM working under transient analysis can be devided into two
main parts: Geometrically model and export the external circuit connection in Maxwell 3D. Further data
collection is required to analyze the model with the electromagnetic behavior implemented within the
Magnetostatic solver.
4.1. Transformer Model using FEM
The first stage of the simulation is starts with sketch the geometry model for three single phase
transformer by Finite Element Method (FEM). Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown the normal transformer was
modelled both in 3D and 2D FEM. The primary winding and secondary windings are represent by rectangles
of corresponding material in Table 4. The insulation between turns and layers can be ignored completely. To
enable the five-phase output can be seen clearly, the software was carried out with certain analysis setup. The
sheet windings were assigning with coil terminal using the data from Table 3. Finally, the solution setup for
the parameters used for solving the simulation has to be specified.The transformer assembly is composed of
multiple materials and their model details are listed in Table 4.
Table 4. Details of Transformer Model Specification
Classification Specification
Voltage [V] 20
Frequency [Hz] 50
Core Material Steel 1008
Winding Material Copper
Figure 7. 3D model of transformer in FEM Figure 8. 2D model of transformer in FEM
4.2. Circuit-coupled Connection
The transient model coupled with external circuit based on Figure 4 connection scheme. The
windings from finite element model are driven by this external circuit (Figure 10) in star-star circumstance.
0.49mm
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62
Figure 9. Transformer connection scheme from ANSYS Maxweel Circuit Editor
4.3. Magnetic Flux Density
The distribution of magnetic flux density shown in Figure 9 generated by the FEM with the
transformer is in no-load condition by Magnetostatic solver. As seen in the Figure 9, magnetic field is
uniformly distributed over the steel core. Thus, through the color shaded (magnetic field, B), it clearly reveals
that the magnetic field distribution has a horizontal symmetry axis that passes through the middle of the
transformer core limbs.
Figure 10. Magnetic field distribution of transformer model by FEM.
0
0
0
LWinding_A+
20V
LabelID=V3 LabelID=IVoltmeter6
LWinding_B
LWinding_C
LWinding_F
LWinding_E
LabelID=IVoltmeter56
+ 20V
LabelID=V58 LWinding_D
LWinding_J
LWinding_I
LabelID=IVoltmeter68
+ 20V
LabelID=V70 LWinding_H
LWinding_G
LWinding_K
LabelID=IVoltmeter122
0
LabelID=IVoltmeter128
LabelID=IVoltmeter129
LabelID=IVoltmeter130
LabelID=IVoltmeter131
0
0
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63
4.4. Result Output Waveform
Figure 11 and Figure 12 represent the results input and output voltage waveforms from Finite
Element Method (FEM). It is clearly seen that the output is a balanced five-phase supply from a three-phase
input. Individual output phases are shown along with their respective input voltages.
Figure 11. Three phase input from ANSYS Maxweel
Figure 12. Balanced output of five phase transformer from ANSYS Maxweel
5. CONCLUSION
This paper deals with the contribution to develop a transient model of transformer coupled with
external circuit. Thus, involving of identical actual transformer specification to transform the three-phase to a
five-phase output supply using FEM. Extensive simulation clarify the ability of FEM to clearly visualize the
model and pattern of electromagnetic characteristic of the transformer. The connection scheme and the
phasor diagram along with the turn ratios were distinctly illustrated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and Ministry of
Education (KPM) for sponsoring this research works under grant (FRGS/2/2013/TK02/UTEM/02/7).
Correspondingly to ANSYS Maxwell software for the capabilities required towards the completion of this
works.
REFERENCES
[1] Sunil Kumar J, Shalin J, PGV Suresh Kumar, Fikadu Wakijira, Development of Three phase to five phase
Transformer using a novel technique, 2013; 4(3).
[2] N Monika, V Samhita, PV Swetha, B.Somashekar, Modelling And Simulation of Three-Phase To Five-Phase
Transformation Using a Special Transformer Connection, 2013 3(5): 798–807.
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50
Time [ms]
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Y1[V]
Maxwell3DDesign2XY Plot 9
Curve Info
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter6)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter56)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter68)
Setup1 : Transient
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50
Time [ms]
-25.00
-12.50
0.00
12.50
25.00
Y1[V]
Maxwell3DDesign2XY Plot 10
Curve Info
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter122)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter123)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter124)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter125)
Setup1 : Transient
NodeVoltage(IVoltmeter126)
Setup1 : Transient
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