International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Shunt Active Power Filter for 12 Pulse Converter Using Source Current Detec...IAES-IJPEDS
A shunt Active Power Filter (APF) with current detection at the source side
is considered as a closed-loop system from the view of the whole power
distribution system, which is expected with better harmonics filtering
performance compared with conventional current detection methods such as
load current detection and open loop control. This paper introduces an
efficient source current detection method (direct) control scheme to mitigate
the grid current harmonics generated by the twelve pulse converter. The
proposed system uses Control Rectifier (12 –pulse converter) which
efficiently regulates the DC voltage by varying the angle of each 6 pulse
converter. Moreover, the proposed system uses three winding transformer
which eliminates the harmonics during equal angles switching at each six
pulse converter which in turn simplifies the operation of the SAPF. The
proposed system is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK to evaluate the
performance of the proposed system.
The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
This paper deals with the design of filters and THD analysis of a low - frequency ac (20Hz) transmission system. The LFAC system is interfaced with the 50Hz main power grid with a cycloconverter. The wind power is collected in dc form,and is connected to the L FAC transmission line with a twelve pulse inverter. The waveforms at the sending end and receiving end of the transmission line are plotted.THD analysis of LFAC system is carried out. The circuit model of LFAC system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
A fault-tolerant photovoltaic integrated shunt active power filter with a 27-...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces a fault-tolerant shunt active power filter (SAPF). The novility in of this work is that it poposes a solutions to increase the reliability of shunt active power filter to maintain its operation under a single-phase open-circuit fault in the SAPF. This will increase the reliability of the whole power system. The SAPF is composed of a 4-leg 27-level inverter based on asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topology. If an open-circuit fault is introduced to the operation of the SAPF, a special control technique will be implemented and the redundant leg of the SAPF will be activated. The faulttolerant SAPF can do many tasks under healthy operating conditions and post and open circuit fault depending on the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. It can mitigate harmonics in the power system, improve power factor in the system by injecting reactive power, and inject real power to the system. The proposed SAPF is tested and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results have shown a significant improvement in total harmonics distortion (THD) of the source current from 13.9% to 3.9% under the normal operating condition and from 42% to 8.4% post and open circuit fault.
This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
[9] a systematic parameter tuning of pi current controller for lcl type activ...Ngoc Dinh
Phuong Vu, Nam Hoang, Ngoc Nguyen, Quan Nguyen, Minh Tran;”A systematic parameter tuning of PI current controller for LCL-type active rectifiers under unbalanced grid voltage conditions”; Journal of Electrical Systems.
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Optimal Location of Statcom for Power Flow ControlIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A Shunt Active Power Filter for 12 Pulse Converter Using Source Current Detec...IAES-IJPEDS
A shunt Active Power Filter (APF) with current detection at the source side
is considered as a closed-loop system from the view of the whole power
distribution system, which is expected with better harmonics filtering
performance compared with conventional current detection methods such as
load current detection and open loop control. This paper introduces an
efficient source current detection method (direct) control scheme to mitigate
the grid current harmonics generated by the twelve pulse converter. The
proposed system uses Control Rectifier (12 –pulse converter) which
efficiently regulates the DC voltage by varying the angle of each 6 pulse
converter. Moreover, the proposed system uses three winding transformer
which eliminates the harmonics during equal angles switching at each six
pulse converter which in turn simplifies the operation of the SAPF. The
proposed system is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK to evaluate the
performance of the proposed system.
The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
This paper deals with the design of filters and THD analysis of a low - frequency ac (20Hz) transmission system. The LFAC system is interfaced with the 50Hz main power grid with a cycloconverter. The wind power is collected in dc form,and is connected to the L FAC transmission line with a twelve pulse inverter. The waveforms at the sending end and receiving end of the transmission line are plotted.THD analysis of LFAC system is carried out. The circuit model of LFAC system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
A fault-tolerant photovoltaic integrated shunt active power filter with a 27-...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces a fault-tolerant shunt active power filter (SAPF). The novility in of this work is that it poposes a solutions to increase the reliability of shunt active power filter to maintain its operation under a single-phase open-circuit fault in the SAPF. This will increase the reliability of the whole power system. The SAPF is composed of a 4-leg 27-level inverter based on asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topology. If an open-circuit fault is introduced to the operation of the SAPF, a special control technique will be implemented and the redundant leg of the SAPF will be activated. The faulttolerant SAPF can do many tasks under healthy operating conditions and post and open circuit fault depending on the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. It can mitigate harmonics in the power system, improve power factor in the system by injecting reactive power, and inject real power to the system. The proposed SAPF is tested and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results have shown a significant improvement in total harmonics distortion (THD) of the source current from 13.9% to 3.9% under the normal operating condition and from 42% to 8.4% post and open circuit fault.
This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
[9] a systematic parameter tuning of pi current controller for lcl type activ...Ngoc Dinh
Phuong Vu, Nam Hoang, Ngoc Nguyen, Quan Nguyen, Minh Tran;”A systematic parameter tuning of PI current controller for LCL-type active rectifiers under unbalanced grid voltage conditions”; Journal of Electrical Systems.
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Optimal Location of Statcom for Power Flow ControlIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
A New Topology for Power Quality Improvement using 3-Phase 4-Wire UPQC with R...IJMTST Journal
This paper introduces a new concept of optimal utilization of a Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).
The series inverter of UPQC is controlled to perform simultaneous Methods: voltage sag/swell compensation
and load reactive power sharing with the shunt inverter. The active power control approach is used to
compensate voltage sag/swell and is integrated with theory of power angle control (PAC) of UPQC to
coordinate the load reactive power between the two inverters. MATLAB/SIMULINK-based simulation results
are discussed to support the developed concept. Finally, the proposed UPQC concept is validated.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Review of the UPFC Different Models in Recent YearsIJPEDS-IAES
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the most intriguing and, potentially, the most versatile classes of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously tree parameters line impedance, voltage, phase angle and dynamic compensation of AC power system. In order to analyze its true effects on power systems, it is important to model its constraints, due to various ratings and operating limits. This paper reviews on the different models of UPFC used in recent years and gives sets of information for each model of the UPFC in AC transmission. Then the different models are compared and features of each model are examined.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Power Quality Improvement And Mitigation Of Voltage Sag And Current Swell Usi...IJERA Editor
Modern power utilities have to respond to a number of challenges such as growth of electricity demand specially in non-linear loads in power grids, consequently, That higher power quality should be considered. In this paper, DPFC which is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) in structure, which is used to mitigate the voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. Unlike UPFC, the common dc-link in DPFC, between the shunt and series converter devices should be eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the power transmission line. And also to detect the voltage sags and find out the three single-phase reference voltages of DPFC, the synchronous reference frame method is proposed. Application of DPFC in power quality enhancement is simulated in Mat lab/Simulink environment which show the effectiveness of the proposed structure
Improvement of Power Quality by using Injection Super Capacitor UPQC for BLDC...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents the operation of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) as a universal active power
conditioning device to mitigate both current as well as voltage distortions at a distribution end of power
system network. The UPQC is designed by combining a series active power filter and shunt active power filter
which shares a common DC link capacitor and series active filter mitigate the voltage related harmonics in
power supply side and shunt active filters are mitigate the current related harmonics of non linear loads.
UPQC mitigate the harmonics and other harmonic sensitive loads. Among from them unified power quality
conditioner was widely studied by different controllers and we applied to BLDC motor for updating of load
characteristics that improve the power quality in distribution side.
Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation by Loop Power Cont...IJMER
Now a day’s solar power plants are more reliable, because no fuel and reduced CO2 emission. But the solar power generation system do not work in all weather conditions, it is power generated only solar radiation time .To overcome this problem by using (pv)). In fuel cell power generation there will be no problems, where as in fuel cell power distribution systems have some problems like overloading the distribution feeders. In this project to overcome this overloading by using Loop Power Controller (LPC).The loop power controller to control real power and reactive power flow by adjusting voltage ratio and phase shift. Daily loading unbalance is determined by analyzing (pv) power generation recording by using SCADA system and load profile based on Data Automation System (DAS).The loop power controller can improve controllability, operational flexibility and reduce power loss of the distribution system. The Loop Power Controller (LPC) is based on the MATLAB/ SIMULINK.
Novel Direct Switching Power Control Method of UPFC by Using Matrix Converte...IJMER
This paper presents a direct Switching power control for three-phase matrix converters
operating as unified power flow controllers (UPFCs). Matrix converters (MCs) allow the direct ac/ac
power conversion without dc energy storage links; therefore, the MC-based UPFC (MC-UPFC) has
reduced volume and cost, reduced capacitor power losses, together with higher reliability. Theoretical
principles of direct Switching power control based on sliding mode control techniques are established
for an MC-UPFC dynamic model including the input filter. As a result, line active and reactive power,
together with ac supply reactive power, can be directly controlled by selecting an appropriate matrix
converter switching state guaranteeing good steady-state and dynamic responses. Experimental results
of DSPC controllers for MC-UPFC show decoupled active and reactive power control, zero steady-state
tracking error, and fast response times. Compared to an MC-UPFC using active and reactive power
linear controllers based on a modified Venturing high-frequency PWM modulator, the experimental
results of the advanced DSPC-MC guarantee faster responses without overshoot and no steady state
error, presenting no cross-coupling in dynamic and steady-state responses
A photovoltaic integrated unified power quality conditioner with a 27-level i...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with a 27-level inverter based on
an asymmetric H-bridge topology. Each phase of the inverter is composed of three H-bridges, supplied by
three DC sources scaled in the power of three. The output of the multilevel inverter is connected directly to
the point of common coupling (PCC) without the need to a transformer or a filter. The calculation of the Shunt
Active Power Filter (SAPF) compensation current is based on the generalized theory of synchronous frame
(d-q theory) while the calculation of a series active filter voltage is based on Instantaneous Reactive Power
(p-q theory). The control of the SAPF is achieved by using a closed-loop vector control followed by a new
multilevel modulation technique. In addition to the capability of harmonic elimination of both current and
voltage drawn from the source, the UPQC can produce real and reactive power to feed the loads during
prolonged voltage outages or source shortage. Batteries pack are used as a dc link, which is charged from
photovoltaic array connected to the battery through a maximum power point tracker and charge controller.
The injection of real and reactive power depends on the state of charge (SOC) of batteries, the frequency of
the system, real and reactive power of the load, and power factor at the point of PCC. The proposed UPQC
strategy is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK and the results have shown a significant improved in Total
Harmonics Distortion (THD) of both the voltage and currents.
The increase of power electronic converters at the end-user side is unavoidable and it will cause current harmonic distortion and wide range of disturbance in the power system (PS). This paper presents current harmonic compensation for the test case of the Quaid-e-Awam University College of Engineering Sciences and Technology (QUCEST) Larkana campus in MATLAB SIMULINK by using three types of power filters i.e. passive, active and hybrid power filters. The purpose of this experiment and simulation model is to analyse and find out the best solution for reducing the current harmonic and unbalanced load condition at the incoming transformer to the campus. Moreover, this paper presents the testing and comparison of the active and hybrid power filters by using the combined design technique of harmonic compensate control system based on Unit Vector Template (UVT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) theory. The simulation results allow to identify the effectiveness of the control system along with passive filter. Based on the testing and simulation results of three types of power filters, hybrid power filter has the maximum ability to mitigate the current harmonic in the system, and it also reduces the neutral current thus causing less stress in the existing system.
An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) in...IAES-IJPEDS
A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
F42012733
1. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
A Structure for Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution System
Utilizing Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
B. Santhosh Kumar1, K. Vijay Kumar2
PG Student Dadi Institute Of Engineering And Technoogy,Anakapalli Visakhapatnam
PROFESSOR Dadi Institute Of Engineering And Technoogy, Anakapalli Visakhapatnam
Abstract
This paper presents a novel structure for a three- phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution system utilizing unified
power quality conditioner (UPQC). The 3P4W system is realized from a three-phase three-wire system where
the neutral of series transformer used in series part UPQC is considered as the fourth wire for the 3P4W
system. A new control strategy to balance the unbalanced load currents is also presented in this paper. The
neutral current that may flow toward transformer neutral point is compensated by using a four-leg voltage source
inverter topology for shunt part. Thus, the series transformer neutral will be at virtual zero potential during all
operating conditions. The simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink are presented to show the
effectiveness of the proposed UPQC-based 3P4W distribution system.
Index Terms—Active power filter (APF), four-leg voltage-source inverter (VSI) structure, three-phase four-wire
(3P4W) system, unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)
I.
Introduction
The Use OF sophisticated equipment/loads
at transmission and distribution level has increased
considerably in recent years due to the development
in the semiconductor device technology. The
equipment needs clean power in order to function
properly. At the same time, the switching
operation of these devices generates current
harmonics resulting in a polluted distribution system.
The power-electronics-based devices have been used
to overcome the major power quality problems [1].
To provide a balance, distortion-free, and constant
magnitude power to sensitive load and, at the same
time, to restrict the harmonic, unbalance, and reactive
power demanded by the load and hence to make the
overall power distribution system more healthy, the
unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is one of
the best solutions [6]–[11]. A three-phase four-wire
(3P4W) distribution system can be realized by
providing the neutral conductor along with the three
power lines from generation station or by utilizing a
delta-star (Δ–Y) transformer at distribution level. The
UPQC installed for 3P4W application generally
considers 3P4W supply [9]–[11]. This paper
proposes a new topology/structure that can be
realized in UPQC-based applications, in which the
series trans- former neutral used for series inverter
can be used to realize a 3P4W system even if the
power supplied by utility is three- phase three-wire
(3P3W). This new functionality using UPQC could
be useful in future UPQC-based distribution
systems.The unbalanced load currents are very
common and yet an important problem in 3P4W
www.ijera.com
distribution system. This paper deals with the
unbalanced load current problem with a new control
approach, in which the fundamental active
powers demanded by each phase are computed first,
and these active powers are then redistributed
equally on each of the phases. Thus, the proposed
control strategy makes the unbalanced load currents
as perfectly balanced source currents using UPQC.
The proposed 3P4W distribution system realized
from existing 3P3W UPQC-based system is
discussed in Section II. The proposed control
strategy for balancing the unbalanced load currents is
explained in Section III. The simulation results are
given in Section IV, and finally, Section V
concludes this paper.
II.
PROPOSED 3P4W DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM UTILIZING UPQC
Generally, a 3P4W distribution system is
realized by pro- viding a neutral conductor along
with three power conductors from generation station
or by utilizing a three-phase Δ–Y transformer at
distribution level. Fig. 1 shows a 3P4W network in
which the neutral conductor is provided from the
generating station itself, whereas Fig. 2 shows a
3P4W distribution network considering a Δ–Y
transformer. Assume a plant site where three-phase
three-wire UPQC is already installed to protect a
sensitive load and to restrict any entry of distortion
from load side toward utility, as shown in Fig. 3. If
we want to upgrade the system now from 3P3W to
3P4W due to installation of some single-phase loads
and if the distribution transformer is close to the
27 | P a g e
2. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
plant under consideration, utility would provide the
neutral conductor from this transformer without
major cost involvement. In certain cases, this may be
a costly solution because the distribution transformer
www.ijera.com
may not be situated in close vicinity.
Recently, the utility service providers are
putting more and more restrictions on current total
harmonic distortion (THD)
Fig.1.3P4Wdistributionsystem:neutral provided from generation station.
Fig.2.3P4Wdistributionsystem: neutral provided from Δ–Y transformer
Fig.3.3P3WUPQCstructure
limits, drawn by nonlinear loads, to control
the power distribution system harmonic pollution. At
the same time, the use of sophisticated
equipment/load has increased significantly, and it
needs clean power for its proper operation. Therefore,
in future distribution systems and the plant/load
centers, application of UPQC would be common.
Fig. 4 shows the proposed novel 3P4W topology
www.ijera.com
that can be realized from a 3P3W system. This
proposed system has all the advantages of general
UPQC, in addition to easy expansion of 3P3W
system to 3P4W system. Thus, the proposed
topology may play an important role in the future
3P4W distribution system for more advanced UPQCbased plant/load center installation, where utilities
would be having an additional option to realize a
28 | P a g e
3. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
3P4W system just by providing a 3P3W supply.
As shown in Fig. 3, the UPQC should
necessarily consist of three-phase series transformer
in order to connect one of the inverters in the series
with the line to function as a controlled voltage
source. If we could use the neutral of three-phase
series transformer to connect a neutral wire to realize
the 3P4W system, then 3P4W system can easily be
achieved from a 3P3W system (Fig. 4). The neutral
current, present if any, would flow through this fourth
wire toward transformer neutral point. This neutral
current can be compensated by using a split
capacitor topology [2], [9], [10] or a four-leg
voltage-source inverter (VSI) topology for a shunt
inverter [2], [11]. The four-leg VSI topology requires
www.ijera.com
one additional leg as compared to the split capacitor
topology. The neutral current compensation in the
four-leg VSI structure is much easier than that of the
split capacitor because the split capacitor topology
essentially needs two capacitors and an extra control
loop to maintain a zero voltage error difference
between both the capacitor voltages, resulting in a
more complex control loop to maintain the dc bus
voltage at constant level.
In this paper, the four-leg VSI topology is
considered to compensate the neutral current flowing
toward the transformer neutral point. A fourth leg
is added on the existing 3P3W
Fig.4.Proposed3P4W systemrealizedfroma3P3Wsystemutilizing UPQC
III.
UPQC CONTROLLER
The control algorithm for series active
power filter (APF) is based on unit vector template
generation scheme [7], whereas the control strategy
for shunt APF is discussed in this section. Based on
the load on the 3P4W system, the current drawn
from the utility can be unbalanced. In this paper, a
new control strategy is proposed to compensate the
current unbalance present in the load currents by
expanding the concept of single phase p–q theory [5],
[6]. According to this theory, a signal phase system
can be defined as a pseudo two-phase system by
giving π/2 lead or π/2 lag, i.e., each phase voltage
and current of the original three-phase system can
be considered as three independent two-phase
systems. These resultant two- phase systems can be
represented in α–β coordinates, and thus, the p–q
theory applied for balanced three-phase system [3]
can also be used for each phase of unbalanced
system independently. The actual load voltages and
load currents are considered as α-axis quantities,
whereas the π/2 lead load or π/2 lag voltages and
www.ijera.com
π/2 lead or π/2 lag load currents are considered as
β-axis quantities. In this paper, π/2 lead is considered
to achieve a two-phase system for each phase. The
major disadvantage of p–q theory is that it gives poor
results under
distorted
and/or
unbalanced
input/utility voltages [4],[5]. In order to eliminate
these limitations, the reference load voltage signals
extracted for series APF are used instead of actual
load voltages
For phase a, the load voltage and current in
α–β coordinates can be represented by π/2 lead as
where vLa (ωt) represents the reference load voltage
and VLm represents the desired load voltage
magnitude Similarly, for phase b, the load voltage
and current in α–β coordinates can be represented by
29 | P a g e
4. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
www.ijera.com
π/2 lead as
Instantaneous fundamental load reactive power for
phase b
In addition, for phase c, the load voltage and current
Instantaneous fundamental load active power for
phase c
Instantaneous fundamental load reactive power for
phase c
in α–β coordinates can be represented by π/2 lead as
By using the definition of three-phase p–q
theory for balanced three-phase system [3], the
instantaneous power components can be represented
as Instantaneous active power
Instantaneous reactive power
Considering phase a, the phase-a instantaneous
load active and instantaneous load reactive powers
can be represented by
Where
In (10) and (11), pLa and q La represent the dc
components that are responsible for fundamental
load active and reactive powers, whereas pLa and
˜
qLa
˜
represent the ac components that are
responsible for harmonic powers. The phase-a
fundamental instantaneous load active and reactive
power components can be extracted from pLa and q
pLa, respectively, by using a low pass filter.
Therefore, the instantaneous fundamental load active
power for phase a is given by
and the instantaneous fundamental load reactive
power for phase a is given by
Similarly, the fundamental instantaneous load active
and the fundamental instantaneous load reactive
powers for phases and c can be calculated as
Instantaneous fundamental load active power for
phase b
www.ijera.com
Since the load current drawn by each phase may be
different due to different loads that may be present
inside plant, therefore, the instantaneous fundamental
load active power and instantaneous fundamental
load reactive power demand for each phase may not
be the same. In order to make this load unbalanced
power demand, seen from the utility side, as a
perfectly balanced fundamental three-phase active
power, the unbalanced load power should be properly
redistributed between utility, UPQC, and load, such
that the total load seen by the utility would be linear
and balanced load. The unbalanced or balanced
reactive power demanded by the load should be
handled by a shunt APF. The aforementioned task
can be achieved by summing instantaneous
fundamental load active power demands of all the
three phases and redistributing it again on each utility
phase, i.e., from (12), (14), and (16),
Equation (19) gives the redistributed per-phase
fundamental active power demand that each phase of
utility should supply in order to achieve perfectly
balanced source currents. From (19), it is evident that
under all the conditions, the total fundamental active
power demanded by the loads would be equal to the
total power drawn from the utility but with perfectly
balanced way even though the load currents are
unbalanced. Thus, the reference compensating
currents representing a perfectly balanced threephase system can be extracted by taking the inverse
of (9)
In (20), pdc/ph is the precise amount of per-phase
active power that should be taken from the source in
order to maintain the dc-link voltage at a constant
level and to overcome the losses associated with
UPQC. The oscillating instantaneous active power ˜p
30 | P a g e
5. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
should be exchanged between the load and shunt
APF. The reactive power term (qLa) in (20) is
considered as zero, since the utility should not supply
load reactive power demand. In the above matrix, the
a-axis reference compensating current represents the
instantaneous fundamental source current, since aaxis quantities belong to the original system under
consideration and the ß-axis reference compensating
current represents the current that is at p/2 lead with
respect to the original system.
Therefore,
Similarly, the reference source current for phases b
and c can be estimated as
The reference neutral current signal can be
extracted by simply adding all the sensed load
currents, without actual neutral current sensing, as
www.ijera.com
The
proposed
balanced
per-phase
fundamental active power estimation, dc-link voltage
control loop based on PI regulator, the reference
source current generation as given by (21)–(23), and
the reference neutral current generation are shown in
Fig. 5(a)–(d), respectively.
IV.
SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation results for the proposed UPQCbased 3P4W topology are shown in Fig. 6(a)–(j).
MATLAB/Simulink is used as a simulation tool.
Utility voltages are assumed to be distorted with
voltage THD of 9.5%. The distorted voltage profile is
shown in Fig. 6(a). The UPQC should maintain the
voltage at load bus at a desired value and free from
distortion. The plant load is assumed to be the
combination of a balanced three-phase diode bridge
rectifier followed by an R–L load, which acts as a
harmonic generating load, and three different singlephase loads on each phase, with different load active
and reactive
Fig. 5. Shunt active filter control block diagram. (a) Proposed balanced per-phase fundamental active power
estimation. (b) DC-link voltage control loop.(c) Reference source current generation. (d) Neutral current
compensation.
www.ijera.com
31 | P a g e
6. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
www.ijera.com
Fig. 6. Simulation result—proposed 3P4W UPQC structure. (a) Utility voltage (vS_abc). (b) Load voltage
(vL_abc). (c) Injected voltage (v inj_abc) (d) DC-link voltage (vdc). (e) Neutral current flowing toward series
transformer (iSr_n). (f) Source current (iS_abc). (g) Load current (i). (h) Shunt L_abc compensating current
(iSh_abc). (i) Current flowing through load neutral wire (iL_n). (j) Shunt neutral compensating current (iSh_n).
power demands. The resulting load current profile
shown in Fig. 6(g) has THD of 12.15%.
The shunt APF is turned ON first at time t
=0.1 s (not shown in Fig. 6) such that it maintains the
dc-link voltage at a set reference value, here 220 V.
At time t =0.2 s, the series APF is put into operation.
The series APF injects the required compensating
voltages through series transformer, making the load
voltage free from distortion (THD=1.5%) and at a
desired level as shown in Fig. 6(b). The series-APFinjected voltage profile is shown in Fig. 6(c).
Simultaneously, the shunt APF injects the
compensating currents to achieve the balanced source
current, free from distortion, as discussed in the
previous section. The compensated source currents
shown in Fig. 6(f) are perfectly balanced with the
THD of 2.3%. The currents injected by the shunt
APF are shown in Fig. 6(g). Since the load on the
www.ijera.com
network is unbalanced in nature, the neutral current
may flow through neutral conductor toward the series
transformer neutral point. The load neutral current
profile is shown in Fig. 6(i). As shown in Fig. 6(e),
the shunt APF effectively compensates the current
flowing toward the transformer neutral point. Thus,
the series transformer neutral point is maintained at
virtual zero potential. The compensating current
injected through the fourth leg of the shunt APF is
shown in Fig. 6(j).
V.
C ONCLUSION
A new 3P4W topology for distribution
system utilizing UPQC has been proposed in this
paper. This proposed topology would be very useful
to expand the existing 3P3W system to 3P4W system
where UPQC is installed to compensate the different
power quality problems, which may play an
32 | P a g e
7. B. Santhosh Kumar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 1), February 2014, pp.27-33
important role in future UPQC-based distribution
system. A new control strategy to generate the
balanced reference source current under unbalanced
load condition is also presented in this paper.The
MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation results show
that the distorted and unbalanced load currents seen
from the utility side act as perfectly balanced source
currents and are free from distortion. The neutral
current that may flow toward the transformer neutral
point is effectively compensated such that the
transformer neutral point is always at virtual zero
potential.
VI.
REFERENCES
[2]
[3]
B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, ―A
review of active power filters for power
quality improvement,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 960–971, Oct.
1999.
C. A. Quinn and N. Mohan, ―Active filtering
of harmonic currents in three- phase, fourwire systems with three-phase and singlephase nonlinear loads,‖ in Proc. 7th IEEE
APEC, 1992, pp. 829–836.
H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae,
―Instantaneous reactive power compensators
comprising switching devices without
energy storage com- ponents,‖ IEEE Trans.
www.ijera.com
[5]
[6]
APPENDIX
The system parameters are given as
follows: VS = 100 V (peak, fundamental), f = 60
Hz, LS = 0.1 mH, LSh = 3 mH, RSh = 0.1 Ω,
LSr = 3 mH, RSr = 0.1 Ω, and Cdc = 5000 μF.
Plant loads:
1) three-phase diode bridge rectifier followed by R–
L load with R = 10 Ω and L = 5 mH.
2) three single-phase loads with 1000 W and
600 Var, 750 W and 400 Var, and 1400 W and 1200
Var demand on phases a, b, and c, respectively.
[1]
[4]
[7]
[9]
[10]
[11]
www.ijera.com
Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20, no. 3, pp. 625–630,
May/Jun. 1984.
Y. Komatsu and T. Kawabata, ―A control
method of active power filter in
unsymmetrical and distorted voltage
system,‖ in Proc. Conf. IEEE Power
Convers., 1997, vol. 1, pp. 161–168.
M. T. Haque, ―Single-phase PQ theory,‖ in
Proc. 33rd IEEE PESC, 2002, vol. 4, pp.
1815–1820.
J. M. Correa, S. Chakraborty, M. G.
Simoes, and F. A. Farret, ―A sin- gle phase
high frequency AC microgrid with an
unified power quality conditioner,‖ in Conf.
Rec. 38th IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 2003,
vol. 2, pp. 956–962.
V. Khadkikar, A. Chandra, A. O. Barry, and
T. D. Nguyen, ―Application of UPQC to
protect a sensitive load on a polluted
distribution network,‖ in Proc. IEEE PES
General Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada,
2006, 6 pp. [8] V. Khadkikar, A. Chandra,
A. O. Barry, and T. D. Nguyen,
―Conceptual analysis of unified power
quality conditioner (UPQC),‖ in Proc.
IEEE ISIE, 2006, pp. 1088–1093.
M. Aredes, K. Heumann, and E. H.
Watanabe, ―An universal active power line
conditioner,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.
13, no. 2, pp. 545–551, Apr. 1998.
R.
Faranda and I. Valade, ―UPQC
compensation strategy and design aimed
at reducing losses,‖ in Proc. IEEE ISIE,
2002, vol. 4, pp. 1264–1270.
G. Chen, Y. Chen, and K. M. Smedley,
―Three-phase four-leg active power quality
conditioner without references calculation,‖
in Proc. 19th IEEE APEC, 2004, vol. 1, pp.
829–836.
33 | P a g e