MRSA Stands For Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus...

MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus...
MRSA stands for methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus and was founded in the 1960's. It was not recognized until the 1990's when there was a
breakout in the hospitals. Healthcare professionals became frightened of this "Super–Bug" mainly because of the spread from one person to another. It
became uncontrollable and staff were not aware of how to prevent the spread and treat the patients. It was then that the hospitals and nursing homes
developed infection control measures in order to control and prevent further spread of MRSA. There are two types of MRSA: Healthcare associated
and community associated. Healthcare associated occurs after a patient has been hospitalized, surgical, and frail, of immunosuppressed patients. These
types... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The highest prevalence of MRSA is found in the hospital and nursing home settings. It is imperative that staff be trained and educated on the
prevention of MRSA and the causes of transmission. Nursing homes have an infection control policy that has to be followed by state laws to tract and
report cases of MRSA. In prevention of MRSA is training not only staff but family members, and visitors in the nursing home settings. Proper hand
washing techniques is important. Avoid sharing personal items, ensure all wounds are covered. Education on health diets and increase in exercise to
help fight of bacteria. Staff should be aware of cleaning bedside equipment and items that are heavily touched. Administration should inform visitors
and family to avoid visiting if they are sick. Nurse Practioner should be aware of certain assessments to obtain in determining MRSA. Some tests
/assessments are skin cultures, cultures of drainage, nose swabs, blood culture, urine culture, and sputum cultures. NP should teach licensed and
unlicensed personnel prevention strategies such as hand washing, wearing a mask when needed, universal precautions, isolation measures, avoidance
of shaking sheets and clothing, and reporting of any abnormalities noted like unusual skin eruptions or open oozing sores. MRSA is a hospital
acquired infection and nursing homes have more of a tendency of spreading the bacteria from one person to another person. MRSA is
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Earthquake Resistant And An Earthquake
Earthquake Resistant Techniques The biggest issue in Christchurch is that it falls under an earthquake prone area and this is one of the biggest
disadvantage for the development of the city. This is the rea–son that people are moving out from Christchurch to other parts of New Zealand and
outsiders are reluctant to invest in Christchurch. Many big construction companies are trying to make the new structures earthquake resistant. The
another field of innovation is making Earthquake Resistant fit outs for the interi–ors and the main focus of the company should be on performing the
R&D of Earth–quake resistant fit outs. Introduction of such fit outs would be beneficial for the com–pany and will help the company to rise more in
the current market position. This investment is involved in doing the R&D of these products and the fee of struc–tural consultants. Earthquake
Resistant Design The first and foremost thing begins from the design of the building and the fit outs should be deigned in accordance with the design
of the building The Interior Fit outs The Earthquake resistant fit outs are currently in use. These fit outs are being used in earthquake prone areas in the
world. These include earthquake resistant ceilings systems such as plasterboard ceilings that are light in weight. The wall partitions used in this system
should be having metal stud plasterboard. The HVAC systems are different here; Heated and chilled metal ceilings are used to eliminate the
conventional

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylogenesis
Based on the graph, an inference I can make is that the "community acquired" penicillin resistant S. aureus originated from individuals in the
community that carry the deadly bacterium on their bodies without showing any signs of illness. Another case would be the fact they might have
passed it onto surfaces or other people.
The methicillin resistance lags behind penicillin resistance since it was only identified in the 1970's within hospitals wherein they named this
methicillin–resistant form of the bacterium commonly or MRSA (methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus) as staph. Based on the trend seen with
penicillin, I would expect to see happen with methicillin to increase very closely alongside it causing for both hospital and community ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is possible that some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can be harmless, and yet others can be deadly due to being resistant to treatment drugs against
this illness such as the case for growing MRSA (methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus) which can lead to death from acquiring it at a hospital or
infected member of the community as a potentially hidden murderer. For example, this was the case for Madeline, a seven week–old baby, that was
diagnosed with sepsis as well as a virulent pneumonia is ruining her young lung that is hazardously decreasing her oxygen level, regardless of the most
powerful antibiotics constructed to impede this sickness being administered to her.
The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique could be used to support this hypothesis for the reason that it will study this frog skin's impact as an
antibiotic against bacteria in stopping it from growing. This can easily be recognized in the disk through a circular area or zone of inhibition seen
around the wafers where the bacteria haven't

The Book Of Sabbath As Resistant
The way in which people practice Delight is through God. Through everything that God created and his immense love for his creations, human being
can experience an example of delight. Sometimes it is hard to believe or imagine God's delight. Because God has been distant from the earth, is not
close, is not involved with human beings. Also, it is to be maintained in its own rules and in terms of its own energy. However, the scripture says that
God can be affected by having relationships with humans or other living creatures on the planet.
Strength
Some of the advantages that it can be observed in this book of Sabbath as Resistant is that it is very informative when it comes to exposing
information to the reader and the way it is narrate. However, it can be said that this book Sabbath as Resistance is very well organized, unlike other
books that talk about this topic. Some advantages or strength of the book living as Sabbath are how the author organize and explain each point in the
best possible way. It is very easy to understand since it gives many examples depending on the subject in which he was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since there are different religions and beliefs it might make people have a different perspective. However, it can lead to a problem when talking
about this topic. People may have another perspective and it can lead to confusion to the reader. Some disadvantages or weaknesses of the book
living as Sabbath is that there are a lot of competition (other books). Also, I think that this book has information that has never been heard and this
can become a problem to readers that have never read about this topic and this can lead people to not believe in what is said or reported even if they
have the credible sources to back up what they say. Needs to have more examples to help reader that have never heard about this topic understand it

Methicillin-Resistant MRSA Infection
Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics
used to treat ordinary staph infections. This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life–threatening. MRSA infections may affect
your bloodstream, lungs, heart, bones, and joints. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as
nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care–associated MRSA. HA–MRSA infections typically are
associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both health care–associated and community–associated strains of MRSA still respond to certain antibiotics. In some cases, antibiotics may not be
necessary. For example, doctors may drain a superficial abscess caused by MRSA rather than treat the infection with drugs. In the hospital, people
who are infected or colonized with MRSA often are placed in contact precautions as a measure to prevent the spread of MRSA. Visitors and health
care workers caring for people in isolation may be required to wear protective garments and must follow strict hand hygiene procedures.
Contaminated surfaces and laundry items should be properly disinfected. Preventing MRSA includes careful hand washing remains your best defense
against germs. Carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer containing at least 62 percent alcohol for times when you don't have access to soap and water.
Keep cuts and abrasions clean and covered with sterile, dry bandages until they heal. The pus from infected sores may contain MRSA, and keeping
wounds covered will help prevent the bacteria from spreading. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, sheets, razors, clothing and athletic

Staphylococcus aureas versus Methicillin Resistant...
From Staphylococcus aureus to MRSA
Abstract
I investigated the difference between Staphylococcus aureas and its super bacteria form of Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureas. I used books,
websites, and scholarly projects to understand the topic at a molecular level. After researching penicillin, Staphylococcus aureas, and
Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureas, I found that both the drug and the bacteria use enzymes as their defense and attack mechanism. Penicillin
uses a Гџ–lactam ring as a substrate to clog the active site of transpeptidase, and in defense, the bacteria uses Гџ–lactamase to break down the
Гџ–lactam ring. I hope to continue research on super bacteria to determine whether or not other super bacteria ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
B–lactam Antibiotics and Bacteria
To understand how MRSA works against antibiotics, we must first look at the cell wall and how antibiotics work. The cell wall is designed to
maintain the cell's shape and to keep the inner workings of the bacteria safe. Without a cell wall, the bacteria could not survive. The wall of a bacterial
cell can fit into two major categories: gram–positive and gram–negative. Staphylococcus aureas is a common example of a gram–positive bacteria.
Gram–positive bacteria is made up of polymer layers of peptidoglycan connected by amino acid bridges. Peptidoglycan is a polymer made of
Nacetylglucosamine and N–acetyl–muraminic acid, or for the purpose of convenience,
NAG and NAMA. [6] These layers of polymers are cross–linked with amino acids as shown in the diagram below. The polymers are connected and
layered by an enzyme known as transpeptidase. The enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction that cross–links the cell wall to make it strong.[1]
Making the cell wall is easily one of the most basic and essential processes that takes place.
[6]
Penicillin and Methicillin, two antibiotics used to treat Staphylococcus aureas, are known as Гџ–lactam antibiotics. They prevent the bacteria from
forming a cell wall.[1] The
NAM of the peptidoglycan leaves residue of D–alanyl–D–alanine which bind to the transpeptidase in order to cross–link the chain. Гџ–lactam
antibiotics

Resistant Behaviors
The student has a high tolerance for clients who do not comply with or are resistance to services. However, at some point enough is enough and the
student develops negative feelings towards the client and believes that the client is wasting the student as well as others time, energy, and resources
which could be directed towards another who is need of support. Understandable there is a movement in the social service field to remove the label of
"resistant client" from clients who do not embrace change happening in their life because the label suggest blame. However, in the student's chosen
profession, working for a social services agency coordinating and facilitating services for individuals with an intellectual and or physical disability, the
system reinforces resistant behaviors; the more resistant the individual the more likely their health and safety are at risk which places responsibility
back onto ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The student eventually becomes frustrated with the individuals whose intellectual disability is not a factor in their ability to comply with requested
services. Through the working relationship and history, the student has with an individual coupled with knowledge related to mental health diagnoses,
the student will be able to understand how the behavior and the diagnoses co–mingle. Behavior is a form of communication. Behaviors do not happen
for no reason. When an individual who is normally not resistant to services becomes resistant it is a warning to the student that further investigation is
warranted. This change in behavior suggest that either the individual has experienced a negative event that is not known to others or there is a medical
concern that needs to be further

Water-Resistant Homework
Read the tag on your boat cover, ATV cover, or motorcycle cover, and you'll probably see terms like "waterproof," "water
–resistant," and
"water–repellent." You might think they all mean the same thing, but the truth is that there's a difference between a waterproof cover and a
water–resistant cover. What's the difference between all these terms? Here's how Merriam–Webster online defines them: Waterproof: "impervious to
water; especially : covered or treated with a material (as a solution of rubber) to prevent permeation by water" Water–repellent (also water–resistant):
"treated with a finish that is resistant but not impervious to penetration by water" Water–resistant and water–repellent essentially mean the same thing.
A water–resistant cover is specially treated to resist water, but in heavy rains, water may still get through. Water–resistant covers only prevent water
from getting through the cover up to a certain point. Your boat or ATV may still get wet in a downpour.
The seams are taped or sealed to keep water from entering through the tiny needle holes in the fabric seams. Although a waterproof cover sounds
like the better of the two types of covers, it does have its weaknesses. First, the time and effort required to waterproof a cover adds to the overall cost.
If you choose a waterproof cover over a water–resistant one, be prepared to shell out the extra

Essay On Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, is a form of bacteria that can be found on the skin, hair, nose and throats of humans and
animals (Foodsafety.gov, 2015). This bacteria is a strain of the wild– type Staphylococcus Aureus. According to Merriam Webster's Dictionary,
Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphylД“, meaning bunch of grapes, and the New Latin suffix –coccus. Aureus comes from the Latin root
meaning gold, or golden (Merriam–Webster, 2015). This can be directly related to the characteristics of thebacteria because it can be found in
grape–like clusters. In addition, it is found to have a golden tint when it is grown on a petri dish. Founded in 1961, this form of bacteria is resistant to
the antibiotics, such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the only bacteria that had an effect on both the wild–type and methicillin–resistant bacteria. More specifically, it was the most effective against
the wild–type bacteria. It had a mean ZOI of 20.8 mm, whereas, in the methicillin resistant bacteria it had a mean of 11.8 mm. In addition, vancomycin
had the smallest standard deviation in each experiment, therefore, the values of each ZOI were not too far from the mean. Thus, because there was a
small amount of variation between each value, the measurements stayed consistent. In addition, vancomycin was not the only bacteria that was
effective against the bacteria. XR21347 was effective against the methicillin–resistant with a mean ZOI of 12.7 mm, and Methicillin was effective
against the wild–type with a mean ZOI of 23.3 mm. All in all, based on our results vancomycin was the only antibiotic that had an effect against on
both bacteria, therefore, we consider it to be the most effective. However, one could do further research by observing the effects of this antibiotic when
used in the human body. By doing so one could verify that the vancomycin antibiotic is the most effective against staphylococcus

Methicillin-Resistant Mythoiccus Aureus (MRSA)
Antibiotic resistance which can be defined as the ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were
once sensitive.8 Antibiotic resistance mainly results from misuse of antibiotics which can be categorized as intensive and extended use of antibiotics in
human and veterinary treatments where antibiotics were not required and improper disposal of antibiotics in both hospital environment and community
which in turn results an environmental impact too.
Among the resistant bacterial strains Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is the major resistant pathological strain which is resistant
to almost all antibiotics available in the world in turn very difficult to cure and life threatening. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intrinsic resistance is achieved by spontaneous gene mutation through replication where acquired resistance results as an adaptation technique when
bacteria in contact with antibiotic. Pathogenic bacteria can gain resistance through several mechanisms such as acquire modification of active site of the
bacteria in turn results in reduction in the efficacy of binding of the drug, direct modification or destruction of antibiotic by enzymes produced by
bacteria or efflux of antibiotic from the bacterial cell through efflux pumps. Bacterial species accomplish spreading the resistance through horizontal
gene transfer mechanisms such as transformation, transduction and conjugation via plasmids.
Antibiotic resistance has evolved as a result of the interactions between bacteria and antibiotic after an antibiotic exposure. Bacterial species are
capable of adapting to new antibiotic as simply as they adapt to new environments due to their amazing genomic plasticity. This in turn results antibiotic
resistance to be very dynamic and unpredictable. "Every year, almost 100,000 Americans die from antibiotic–resistant infections acquired from
hospitals, largely because of the reduced effectiveness of existing drugs, due to the development and propagation of drug resistance

Zinc Is More Corrosion-Resistant
Galvanising is the coating of iron objects with a thin layer of more active metal such as zinc , similar to sacrificial anode (Bbc.co.uk, 2015). Zinc is
more corrosion–resistant than iron because its oxide, ZnO, adheres to the surface of the metal rather than exposing the zinc to the atmosphere
(Tinaroth, 2013). This prevents oxygen and water from reaching the iron underneath– but the zinc also acts as a sacrificial metal (Tinaroth, 2013). The
zinc will lose electrons (undergoes oxidation) in preference to iron and hence, sacrificing itself to prevent the rusting of iron (Tinaroth, 2013). Iron that
is coated with zinc (or any other more reactive metal on the activity series) is protected, even if the surface is scratched, unlike sacrificial

Methicillin-Resistant MRSA
Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MSRA), is a bacterium that cause infection in different parts of the body. What caused MSRA is a
bacteria called staph. Staph is bacteria that lives in our bodies. Many people actually carry staph in their noses, but are not infected by it. Staph can be
an issues if it manages to get into the skin, often by a cut. Staph is one of the most common caused of skin disease and can have serious cause of
infected wounds.
MRSA is spread by contact, meaning you can be infected when touching a person or object that has the bacteria. MRSA prevention include maintain
good hand and body hygiene. Wash hands often, and clean body on a regular basis. Clean and cover cuts, scrapes, and wounds until healed.

Tuberculosis: Multidrug Resistant
Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most common ancient infectious disease (Tiwari et al., 2005). It is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tb)
which is an aerobic, intracellular pathogen inhabits in oxygen rich regions of the lungs. According to World Health Organization 9 million people
affected with TB infection in 2013 and about 1.5 million patients died from this disease. Worldwide predictions fortuberculosis control are challenged
by the development of drug–resistant strains, especially those that are multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR). In 2013,
approximately 5% (480000 people) of TB patients were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR–TB).
Tuberculosis is commenced in a healthy individual by the inhalation of droplets having M. Tb exhaled by an active pulmonary TB patient through
coughing, spitting etc. into the atmosphere. After invasion of droplets to alveoli of lung, complex immune response is triggered which activates
resident macrophages i.e., alveolar macrophages (AM) to kill bacilli by phagocytosis and presenting internalized bacilli to the lysosomes. However,
some bacilli escape from the destructive environment of the lysosome and multiply in alveolar macrophage. Such infected AMs surrounded by
additional macrophages and other immune cells with blood vessels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In such necrotic granulomas, infected AMs undergoes cell lysis and release slowly–replicating or non–replicating mycobacteria in to caseous center.
These necrotic granulomas with caseous center may create a suitable niche for slow growing reservoir mycobacteria (Seiler et al., 2003; Fenhalls et
al., 2002; Ryan et al., 2010; Driver et al., 2012; Hoff et al., 2010). Sterilization of such necrotic granulomas containing slow growing or non–replicating
mycobacteria is extremely

Tamper Resistant Receptacles
Tamper Resistant Receptacles | Electrician in Huntsville, AL
The childproofing of homes has changed in recent years, both in the safety products available and the hazards a child faces. For example, hazards today
include strangulation from baby monitors, injury when flat–screen TVs fall on children and not even the little plastic plug–ins for electrical outlets are
recommended. In addition, some receptacle covers created to improve safety are not safe. By now, you are probably wondering what is safe. A Mister
Sparky electrician in Huntsville, AL can provide the services you require to ensure the safety of your family.
Each year, 2,400 children under the age of 10 require treatment in hospitals for shocks and burns due to electrical outlets. ... Show more content on
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Replace electrical equipment with old, frayed, or damaged cords, or have the cords replaced.
2.You can bind excess cord on lamps or other electrical devices with a zip tie. Sleeves, and holders are available for cord organizing, storing, hiding,
and some of the products will secure to walls, helping to prevent toddlers and babies from pulling the objects down on them.
3.Place television and stereo equipment against the wall so young children are unable to access the area behind them. When this is not possible a
Mister Sparky electrician in Huntsville, AL can organize and contain the mass of wires that typically surrounding a TV and their other components
into sleeves fastened to a wall for a safer and neater area.
4.Do not leave an unconnected appliance cord plugged in, such as for a camera or cell phone charger. Small children can put the end of the cord in
their mouths.
5.Do not place drinks on TVs, DVD players, stereos, computers, game consoles, or other electrical items.
6.Limit the number of appliances plugged into a receptacle or extension cord. An overloaded circuit is a fire hazard. If your home requires additional
outlets contact a Mister Sparky electrician in Huntsville, AL to schedule installation of additional

Hurricane Impact Resistant Doors
Homeowners must be aware of the fact that hurricane impact resistant doors and windows can protect their home from strong winds and debris
thrown by a tropical storm of hurricane. Also, you must be aware of the fact that storm impact windows and doors are the only doors and windows
that don't have to be covered by hurricane shutters. Protecting your home from natural calamities is not the only benefit offered by impact doors and
windows. These doors and windows also help in reducing your monthly insurance premium. Since most insurance providers offer discounts to
homeowners who install these hurricane doors and windows, you can reduce your home insurance premium by up to 30 percent when you install these
doors and windows. Also, in some States,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, if you consider the benefits offered by the windows, a little extra investment on these windows is worth the money spent. Also, reduced
electric expense and insurance premium can help in recovering your investment in a few

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Methicillin–resistant staphylococcus also referred to as MRSA is a type bacterium that becomes immune to many antibiotics used to treat even the most
common infection. MRSA has become an issue in hospitals around the globe as it is known to constanly change over time. Methicillin–resistant
staphylococcus (MRSA) usually occurs in day care home, hospitals and other related health care facilities. It was reported that in 2005 the majority of
all infection related cases came from an antibiotic–resistant bacterium, resulting in a high rate of death (Tacconelli, et al 2007). In 1961 (Enright, et al
2002) methicillin–resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) was first discovered in the United Kingdom and later made its way to Asia and after to the United
States.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem with control methods is that once using them for a long period of time they become resistant and no longer work effectively resulting and
finding new methods and will also result in them becoming resistant. (Cooper, et al 2004) has found that hospitals have stayed with three control
methods guidelines that include restrictions of antibiotics, washing your hands and having a proper hygiene and the ability to detect and isolate
patients who are infected with MRSA . The best method that hospitals are taking into consideration is isolating infected colonized patients, because it
is known that patient to patient transmit infections do occur more than any other way. Data research has been found that the safest way to prevent
further contamination of the spread of methicillin–resistant staphylococcus is to follow these three proper safety guidelines (Chaberny, et al

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria And Antibiotics
Bacterial infections are becoming resistant to antibiotics due to people that are sick and receive an antibiotic from their doctor; but as soon as they start
to feel better they stop taking the antibiotic. If you stop taking antibiotics before the treatment is over can cause the bacteria to return stronger and this
time resistant to that antibiotic. Another reason that certain bacteria's are becoming resistant to antibiotics is due to patients expecting doctors to
prescribe antibiotics to them even though they have a viral infection not a bacterial one. "Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs
used in human medicine. However, up to 50% of all the antibiotics prescribed for people are not needed or are not optimally effective as prescribed."
("Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria."). Because of the large amount of antibiotics we take we are killing off our normal flora, which helps us digest our
food. Multi–drug resistance is when a bacterium has mutated due to the use of too many antibiotics or due to incorrect use. When a bacterium is
determined as resistant it means that even at a therapeutic level the antibiotic is not breaking down the cell wall, which means the bacterium will
continue to multiply and spread. The largest cause of resistance is overuse and the incorrect use of antibiotics. Giving incorrect amounts of antibiotics
can cause the good bacteria in your body to become dangerous bacteria; creating a dangerous multi–drug resistant infection all

Are Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria?
Antibiotics are our friends, our aid to health– our superheros– as we let them into our system with the intention of healing us of our illnesses. They
fight crime that is our sickness, and prevent us from getting any worse. But what happens when our friends come across enemies they can't defeat– in
fact, they have no effect on? These enemies are what we call Superbugs. Superbugs are antibiotic resistant bacteria, which means that when we take
antibiotics, there are bacteria that are immune to the drugs. Therefore, we cannot be helped in our time of need.
We are stuck in a dilemma where we have been indifferent towards these superbugs when they're what we need to focus on. The more we ignore them,
the quicker they grow and multiply. This is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my research, I've noticed a change in our path to great health as the tables have turned for us. Antibiotics have always been a drug to turn to when
we want to fight bacteria, but now the bacteria are growing stronger and fighting back to the point where they're winning and we don't have any solid
guarantee of stopping them. In fact, we don't even have a cure for these bacteria– or superbugs. So, when we send more antibiotics into the system with
the intentions of diminishing the body of these bugs, it only makes matters worse as it can only increase the immunity of the bacteria towards the drug.
This is very much present in places such as Russian prisons where Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis is spreading wildly and only first line
pharmaceuticals are provided. This is due to a lack of money for anything other than first line drugs and the fact that second line drugs have unbearable
side effects that make it "harder to manage patients who are receiving them" (Farmer, 118). Although this isn't a case in America, it's still relevant in the
sense that first line drugs are cheap and don't cause any unwanted side effects, so it is appealing to keep purchasing them. Because there is a consistent
resorting to first line drugs, pharmacists aren't receiving much money to fund research for coming up with a cure for these superbugs that are prevalent
in either Tuberculosis, or anything else for that matter.
Getting funded for research is

Laboratory Testing Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus...
LABORATORY TESTING OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS 36.512 Medical Bacteriology INTRODUCTION
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital acquired and life–threatening infections. It has also emerged recently
as a cause of community–acquired infections. MRSA strains were first detected shortly after the introduction of methicillin in the early 1960s.
Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by an altered penicillin–binding protein (PBP2a), which confers resistance to beta–lactam antibiotics
and is encoded by the mecA gene on the mobile element, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). There are a variety of methods in
diagnostic microbiology laboratories to identify... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are considered to be an important cornerstone in preventing the spread of MRSA in health care settings. New PCR–based high throughput typing
methods offer a rapid turnaround time, with lower costs and in many cases high discriminatory power. However, these are very expensive and cannot
be afforded by all laboratories. Moreover, these require technical equipment limiting their use only in developed centers. DISCUSSION Typing of
MRSA is an essential requirement to prevent its transmission and also to determine the precautionary and preventive measures which needs to be
taken. Raman spectroscopy (SpectraCellRA) is a recently developed tool for bacterial typing. Recently, many new technologies have been introduced
into clinical microbiology laboratories for the rapid identification of microorganisms such as matrix–assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight
mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOFMS) which are aimed at reducing the delay in providing useful information to the clinicians regarding patient care.
There is an alternative, cost–effective approach which is the use of chromogenic media for screening nasal specimens such as BBL CHROMagar
MRSA II (CMRSA II, BD), MRSASelect and Spectra MRSA which are used for the qualitative detection of MRSA. These chromogenic media are very
selective and differential for MRSA. These media are used for the suppression of Gram–negative

The Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus
Throughout history we have seen the evolution of bacteria, we have seen them develop resistance against Penicillin, Methicillin and Vancomycin
antibiotics .This bacteria has a unique ability to mutate to the new antibiotics. Alexander Ogston was a Scottish surgeon that discovered Staphylococcus
can produce toxins and is the main cause of pus infection in the 1880's. Later on they found out that aside from producing toxins Staphylococcus(Staph)
also affects the skin and organs. Methicillin was first introduced in 1940, and in 1961 Staph had already developed resistance against it. This particular
bacteria affects the skin and our organs. There are many questions unanswered but my question is " To what extent has methicillin caused
staphylococcus bacteria to evolve over time and how does it affect our skin and organs?" . This bacteria is considered a threat because it is able to
mutate at a faster pace than other bacterias. When they named Staph they took into consideration the fact that it can live in skin surfaces without
causing any harm and that under a microscope this bacteria lookes like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. The word staph comes from the
greek word "staphyle" meaning a bunch of grapes and "kokkos" means berries.
Staph has developed resistance to more than three antibiotics. Some scientists say that humans help bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics when
they stop taking medication before it is time. There have been many occasions in

Resistant Client Analysis
I believe that one of the most challenging types of clients would be the resistant client. Being that the resistant client may come more or less willingly
but fail to carry through or participate actively in the helping process, it creates many barriers for the human services professional to assist them.
(Woodside, 2015) A couple barriers that a resistant client would possibly have is being in denial that theyneed the help and not follow through to
receive it or they will start placing the blame on others as to why they are not open to seeking assistance.
As the helper, the strategies that I would use to engage the resistant client would be to start off by reassuring them that they shouldn't be ashamed for
having to apply for assistance.

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
There seems to be an ongoing battle between the evolution of bacteria and modern medicine. This has become a serious problem in hospitals as
bacterial resistant infections continue to be on the rise despite the practice of standard precautions that treat all patients as if they have an infectious
disease. One of the leading public health threats today is meticillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA. With all of the advancements in
medicine, it is hard to believe that we do not have the ability to manufacture new antibiotics that would target these resistive organisms. The problem is
not only confined to the United States but affects people globally. According to Bartlett, Gilbert, & Spellberg (2013) this is being considered a... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is another example of how negligence can and has caused harm to the public by resistant bacteria entering into our food supply and causing
major outbreaks of food poising in recent years (Arias & Murray, 2009). The spread of antibiotic resistant salmonella or E coli can be easily transferred
to humans by consumption of meat, eggs, and dairy. Antibiotic–resistant E. coli can also contaminate produce by either run off from animal processing
plants or from crops that are fertilized with manure (Khachatourians, 1998). Both MRSA and E. coli are examples of drug resistant bacterium that
migrate between humans, animals, and the environment and are easily dispersed around the globe (Finley, et al., 2013). Finley, et al., (2013) states that
in addition to reducing domestic and agricultural waste into the environment, there should also be improvements in sanitation as well as higher
standards of our water supplies. In addition to the widespread of antibiotics in agriculture, there is also the issue of antibiotic resistant bacteria
spreading in hospitals and healthcare facilities. Alexander Fleming, the Pharmacologist who discovered penicillin, warned of both the overuse and
especially the underuse of antibiotics back in 1945. He stated "there may be a danger in the underdosage of antibiotics. It is not difficult to make
microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory by exposing them to concentrations not sufficient to kill them, and the same

Drug Resistant And The Abuse Of Antibiotics
Have you ever been to the doctor for the seasonal flu and walked out of the clinic with a prescription for antibiotics? I have. Actually, some of us,
including me, become very upset if the doctor fails to prescribe antibiotics for us. Since the discovery of antibiotics, they have become the miracle
treatment for all types of infections, specific and non–specific. Even though antibiotics are only effective when treating bacterial infection, many seek
them for viral infections such as the common cold, etc. Hence, this reckless practice has inadvertently contributed to the rising trend in drug–resistance
microbes, AKA "Superbugs."
This is a twofold problem; in that, drug–resistant superbugs and the abuse of antibiotics are both major health concerns. However, for the purpose of
this public health problem statement, I will focus on the increasing threat of drug–resistant organisms from the abuse of antibiotics. More so, I shall
address what should be occurring in this current health problem, what is currently occurring, and health disparities relating to it, if nothing is done.
There are misguided beliefs and expectations associated with lack of awareness of the dangers of antibiotics use.В№ Unlike the natural antibiotics of
fungi and bacteria, most artificially synthesized antibiotics are broad–spectrum. Broad–spectrum antibiotics are capable of killing both gram–positive
and gram–negative bacteria, while narrow–spectrum or natural antibiotics target only a specific gram–type

Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Seafood
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria in seafood are a major public health concern worldwide. Reports on use of antimicrobials in aquaculture and residue
findings in the products have indicated food safety threat to the consumers. In aquaculture, the use of wide array antimicrobials leading to development
of bacterial resistance, use of resistant probiotic resistant strains and contamination of resistant pathogenic bacteria e.g. Salmonella spp. as input have
facilitated to development of pool of resistant bacteria. Indicator bacteria are a useful tool to monitor antimicrobial resistance in any animal originated
products. E. coli and Enterococci have been proven useful bacterial indicators in livestock and other animal husbandry practices ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The low prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. and high occurrence of other co–isolated genera with this selective enrichment procedure from shrimp at
point of harvest indicated that the culture approach is sufficient to establish Acinetobacter spp. as a good candidate of bacterial indicator of
antimicrobial resistance in seafood.
In Vietnamese shrimp culture probiotics are widely used for disease treatment and control, to improve digestion and water cleaning purpose.
Bacterial species content were determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 125 isolates isolated from seven probiotic products (Manuscript III).
Three genera (Bacillus, Klebsiella and Aerococcus) and 14 Bacillus species (95% of isolates), 1 Aerococcus species (1%) and 3 Klebsiella species
(4%) were identified. Lactobacillus spp. and Pseudomonas denitrificans were not identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 60 isolates of
Bacillus spp., 1isolate of Aerococcus urinaeequi and 4 isolates of Klebsiella spp. revealed high level of phenotypic resistance. Resistance to CHL,
CLIN, ERY, PEN, TET, AMP, CIP, GEN and SXT was observed in 19 (32%) of isolates. NGS analysis of 6 isolates of Bacillus spp. revealed the
presence of several antimicrobial resistant genes. In Bacillus licheniformis the macrolide resistance gene erm (D), in B. tequilensis the tetracycline
resistance gene tet (L) and in B. nealsonii the phenicol resistance gene fex (A) and trimethoprim resistance genes including dfrD,

Methicillin Resistant Enterococci
Similar to the majority of living organisms, bacteria are able to adapt and change depending on their environment. Contrary to other larger living
organisms such as humans, bacteria are able to transform and multiply at a more rapid pace, allowing these microorganisms to evolve and become
resistant to medications that are commonly used to treat them such as antibiotics. These altered bacteria are oftentimes referred to as "super bugs" as
they are unaffected by typical treatments involving the use of antibiotics (NIH, n.d.). Two highly infectious examples of these bacteria are Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE). In the physical therapy setting, physical therapist and physical
therapist assistants ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Shepherrd Center, a rehabilitation center in Atlanta, Georgia, takes into consideration that by nature, rehabilitation as it relates to physical therapy
requires a lot of physical contact (Testing for MRSA, 2013). Even with the universal precautions in place within a facility, the overall likelihood of
cross contamination and the passing infections either by direct or indirect contact are at an all time high. As a result of this increased risk of spreading
the MRSA infection, the Shepherrd Center implemented a way to identify MRSA within their specific patient population before they are admitted.
They proposed that as individuals come in, each one is given nasal swabs while their medical histories and current evaluations are taken. This initial
assessment allows for the healthcare staff to be better prepared for the possible infections that each patient may carry into their treatment facility. Since
executing this practice, the Shepherred Center has seen a 43% reduction in healthcare–acquired MRSA rates (Testing for MRSA, 2013). The
Shepherred Center is able to continue with this initial screening assessment without increasing patient cost because the money saved from

Antibiotic Resistant And Infectious Diseases
Introduction
Antibiotics are medications that kill bacteria which could also make us sick and eventual patient died from the virus if not treated quicker. Antibiotics
help prevent bacteria from cell duplication. People are dying worldwide just from virus outbreak while they also seeking for a treatment of the
diagnosis from bronchitis and other infectious diseases. Doctors around the globe have discovered that some of the organisms "waging warfare"
against humans resistant to antibiotics these patients are often taking. Only the most powerful antibiotics available will cure certain people who are
dying from the course antibiotic–resistant and infectious diseases. From my knowledge and previous experience, I recognize that it takes days if ...
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This review presents the salient aspects of antibiotic resistance development over the past half–century, with the oft–restated conclusion that it is time
to act. To achieve complete restitution of therapeutic applications of antibiotics, there is a need for more information on the role of environmental
microbiomes in the rise of antibiotic resistance. In particular, creative approaches to the discovery of novel antibiotics and their expedited and
controlled introduction to therapy are obligatory. If something is not done sooner than later to prevent antibiotic resistance, we will produce the major
organism that we will not be unable to kill by some normal manners. The medicine we are taking for infection disease is making the sickness worse–
not to be better.
History of antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics have become the mainstay of our defense against bacterial infections. They revolutionized medical care in the 20th century and become
miracle drug of the modern medicine. In 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming serendipitously discovered penicillin in molds that had
contaminated a dish used to grow bacteria in his lab. The dish was

Are Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria? Essay
Therefore, antibiotic resistant bacteria could potentially cause an apocalypse if conditions discussed are met. If the US government and countries like
continue to ignore the problem caused by giving livestock antibiotics too frequently, then it will not matter how many hospitals in the US or India, as
previously discussed, reform their practices. The dense population of India and their sacred belief in cows can help promote the spread of resistant
bacteria, as it has already been increasing according to the study done by Liu et al. Money is always good at inciting people to get things done.
Sadly, the money is on the other types of drugs other than the ones that help battle superbugs. Without reform from governments, healthcare centers,
and plans to stimulate research into new drugs, the fight against beefed up bacteria seems untenable. If one were still not convinced of the legitimacy
of the issue, then perhaps a licensed doctor of over two decades could make things clear. Melissa Dennison agreed to an interview over drug resistant
bacteria, and when asked of drug resistant bacteria, she said, "There is a huge increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria. This is a very serious problem."
With first–hand knowledge and experience dealing with sick children, Dr. Dennison has seen a shift in prescribing methods reflecting a growing
consciousness of the overuse of antibacterial drugs. She stated in the interview that intelligent doctors know to use antibacterial drugs sparingly,

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Essay
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus is an important and common pathogen in humans. It is found in the nose or on
the skin of many healthy, asymptomatic persons (i.e., carriers) and can cause infections with clinical manifestations ranging from pustules to sepsis and
death. Most transmission occurs through the contaminated hands of a person infected with or carrying S. aureus. MRSA infections frequently are
encountered in health–care settings (Lowy, 1998). A common cause of blood–stream infections, pneumonia, endocarditits, skin and soft tissue
infections, and bone and joint infections, S. aureus infection is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. S. aureus is well adapted to the
Studies have shown that the rate at which MRSA colonizes and infects patients is significantly correlated with the amount and nature of the antibiotics
prescribed in clinics (van Belkum, 2001). Cookson (2002) wrote that although community–onset MRSA infections have been reported recently, little is
known about their epidemiology or prevalence of carriage. Community outbreaks have occurred among injection–drug users; aboriginals in Canada,
New Zealand, and Australia; Native Americans/Alaska Natives in the United States; and players of close–contact sports. Reported most commonly
have been uncomplicated skin infections; however, community–acquired MRSA infections can be severe In his article, Cookson refers to a Center for
Disease Control report of a 1999 outbreak of community–acquired MRSA in which four children in Minnesota and North Dakota died (Center for
Disease Control, 1999). Disease transmission can occur easily among inmates at correctional facilities, where skin or soft tissue infections are
recognized problems. Close contact among inmates may place them at increased risk for transmission of skin–colonizing or skin–infecting organisms.
To prevent skin disease, all inmates should practice good personal hygiene, including daily showers, should avoid touching wounds or drainage of
others and should have access to sinks and plain soap. Personnel that

Antibiotic Resistant Catastrophe
Since the 1940's antibiotics have greatly decreased death and illness due to infectious diseases. These drugs have had a significant impact on patient's
health when used correctly and appropriately. (CDC, 2013) However sometimes they are overused. When these antibiotics are overused, or used for
diseases in which they are not necessary the infectious organism could become antibiotic resistant. Antibiotic resistance is defined as, the effect of
microbes transforming in ways that decrease or eliminate the efficiency of drugs, chemicals, and other agents that are used to cure or prevent
infections. Because antibiotics have been used for so long to treat a wide variety of infectious organism, they have built up a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the bacteria had become resistant to the penicillin then this treatment would no longer work, and that is what makes antimicrobial sensitivity
testing so important. Healthcare providers are the first line of defense when it comes to preventing antibiotic resistance. Physicians should only
prescribe antibiotics when it is very likely it will benefit the patient, and only use agents that target the likely pathogens. Also the use of antibiotics
for the appropriate dose and amount of time is very important. (T wyman, 2011) Patents can help reduce antibiotic resistance by not taking
antibiotics for a viral infection such as, the flu or a cold, as antibiotics only kill bacteria, not viruses. Patients should take antibiotics exactly as the
doctor ordered them to be taken, and dispose of the unused portion, if any. Most importantly you should never take antibiotics prescribed for anyone
other than yourself. There are some infections that are caused by viruses and should never be treated with an antibiotic. Colds and flus are in this
category as well as, some ear infections, most coughs and bronchitis, and sore throats (strep throat is an exception to this rule). (CDC, 2013)Medical
professionals should be aware of all infections that cannot be treated by using antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance and for the well–being of the
patient. The reason why bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics is, every

The Dangers Of Drug Resistant Bacteria
"Drug Resistant Bacteria According to Cable News Network, reported that, "the Center for Disease Control is categorizing antibiotic–resistant
organisms by threat level. That's because, they have estimated, more than 2 million people get antibiotic– resistant infections each year, and at least
23,000 died because current drugs no longer stop their infections" (Falco,1). Antibiotic–resistance is becoming a growing issue in society today. "A
59–year–old man was hospitalized with Klebsiella pneumonia strain, and was treated with multiple antibiotics, including the most powerful antibiotic
there is. The overuse of antibiotics caused his body to become resistant to the drugs" (McKenna,3). Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in
a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antibodies are a part of our immune system which are white cells that fight off bacteria naturally (the human body host trillions of antibodies)"
(Falcon,1). Doctors need to stop trying to satisfy patients by doing the wrong thing but to put ethics first. "Doctors like to appear that they are offering
an important and necessary service by writing antibiotic prescriptions" (Fuhrman,1). Although, doctors know that writing antibiotic prescriptions
inappropriately, would lead to antibiotic–resistance, they do it anyways knowing that it is wrong. Doctors do this to keep the patient happy, so that a
patient will continue to come back to them. Patients can find a doctor that's willing to make–up a diagnosis to validate coming to the rescue with a
treatment. "Drug companies promote the use of their products through wide spread advertising and the practice of giving free samples of the more
potent, broad– spectrum antibiotics to doctors" (Fuhrman,1). This only help the sales for drug companies and introducing newer, better medicine to
the public. However, creating new medicines are causing prices to skyrocket, making it harder for the public to be able to afford the medication that is
needed. With new antibiotics coming out people stand a greater chance becoming antibiotic–resistant with more access of these prescriptions. Now, that
I have talked about the misuse of

The Problem Of The Resistant Parent
The Resistant Parent
Most parents struggle with their child having a mental health illness. Many parents struggle with understanding the disorder, identifying ways to alter
the family dynamic while managing his or her stress. In most cases, the parents are resistant to needing to make changes in their home. There are many
factors to address with dealing with a resistant parent. It is my objective to cover some of those issues in this post.
Parents are an important factor in the treatment of a child or adolescent. It is important to empower them through psychoeducation. Most clients are
resistant due to lack of knowledge and being marked with negative stigma of being "crazy". The negative stigma for a parent is being marked as a
"bad parent" due to their child having a mental health illness
It is safe to say that many parents do not believe their children will experience a mental health illness. Most believes it is a lack of discipline for
younger children. Unfortunately, many parents will compare their childhood, raising to their parenting. This is a different generation and violent times.
Sometimes, parents will have needed to be reminded of the different factors affecting the generation of children. In most cases, the parenting style we
grew up experiencing may not always be effective in parenting this generation of children. This information needs to be conveyed in a positive manner.
HELPING PARENTS IN THERAPY
Parents are in need of therapy as well. Whether they

Multidrug-Resistant Diseases
One of the biggest growing problems in our health care system is hospital acquired infections. Some of the common infections are known as "super
bugs' or multidrug–resistant organisms such as Clostridium difficile (C.diff) and methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Multidrug–resistant organisms means that the pathogens can resist the effects of drugs, are not killed and their growth is not stopped which can
ultimately threaten a patient's safety. This is why hospitals are looking into other methods to help ensure more effective environmental cleaning and
disinfection. That is where pulsed UV light disinfection systems are coming into play. The pulsed xenon ultraviolet light disinfection system works by
using high intensity pulses to radiate UV light at frequencies that cross the germicidal UV range. This is the range in which microorganisms are
susceptible to UV damage. The UV frequencies are able to harm the microorganisms by damaging cell walls and cellular structures which prevent
replication. "It penetrates the cell wall of spores, viruses, and bacteria, so anything with DNA or RNA is susceptible," said Mark Stibich, PhD, MHS,
BA, chief scientific officer for Xenex. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The disinfection robot is wheeled into the room that is marked for cleaning and is unlocked by user ID and password. A button is pushed and the
device gives 15 seconds for the user to exit the room, then motion sensors scan the room for 15 seconds before beginning to pulse the UV light. The
suggested time is 5–10 minutes in two different positions depending on room size. The robot logs data of the room in use, dosage and when the device is

The Rise of Antibiotic Resistant Diseases
The use of antibiotics dates from the 1920s and, for the first time in history, the human race has a chance to win in the war against bacterial disease.
Unfortunately, it is unknown if humans will ever win the battle against disease because of antibiotic resistant strains. Antibiotics are overprescribed and
with the overuse, bacteria are becoming resistant at a rapid rate. Without antibiotics bacteria would still mutate but the mutations would not help the
bacteria. With antibiotics the bacteria do have an advantage when they mutate. Through natural selection the resistant strains are able to survive and
spread while the antibiotics kill the nonresistant strains. It is important to understand that overuse is not causing bacteria to mutate but rather is
increasing the rate of resistance. Behaviors such as doctors prescribing antibiotics to patients even when not necessary and farmers using antibiotics to
make their farm animals bigger are the reason why antibiotic resistance is becoming a major problem. Antibiotics are prescribed to patients even when
they are not necessary; this is because when people get sick, they seek immediate recovery and often demand an antibiotic even if they are suffering
from a virus, which cannot be cured with an antibiotic. Antibiotics do not cure viruses, but doctors prescribe them for the placebo effect so patients
think they feel better. Antibiotics are also misused on farms where they are used to not only prevent and cure illness but to also

Why Are Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria?
In this brief, the reader will see the pros and cons of antibiotics in the food we eat. They will see the what people fear about eating meat that has had a
antibtiocs injection, and how this has come to happen. How the producers or the Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A) can fix the problem of having
antibiotic–resistant bacteria. The reader will also be able to understand how there are many great advantages from using antibiotics in the animals but
there a drawbacks and steps that are being taken to prevent the bacteria from getting into the human body when consumed. They reader will learn what
the F.D.A does to try to prevent the bacteria from being consumed. The reader will also get an understanding to improve the animal production... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This uprising in antibiotic– resistant bacteria can cause the pubic to not want to any meat that comes from an animal that was given antibiotics. "In
2011, drug makers sold nearly 30 million pounds of antibiotics for livestock..." (Kessler, 2013, para. 3). As one can see here that just alone 30 million
pounds of antibiotics goes just to livestock to treat ant sick animal, but it is also antibtiocs that some may harm the human body and other may not.
Literature Review
The public has become alarmed with the outbreak of the antibiotic–resistant bacteria can be contracted from eating meat from an animal that were
treated with antibiotics. The antibiotic–resistant bacteria are bacteria that if someone gets sick your body could become resistant to the drug that could
help one become better. George writes, "Not until recently did we suspect that the broad agricultural use of antibiotics could lead to widespread
resistance in bacteria and the attendant effects on patients in health care settings and, after their discharge from institutions, the community at large"
(Khachatourians, 1998, pg. 1130). From the article, you can see that no one saw that the antibtiocs that are used to only help the animals are hurting us
people. One would think that the antibiotics used on livestock and the public eats that meat that there would be less to none

Methicillin Resistant MRSA
Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug resistant pathogen abundant in healthcare settings and the second most common overall
cause of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) (Jernigan & Kallan, 2010). The
prevalence of MRSA is a significant problem found amongst many Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the United States (US); critically ill patients are at
higher risk for hospital–acquired infections. Acquisition and infection of MRSA may significantly prolong duration of hospital stays, increase
healthcare costs, and contribute to higher mortality rates. According to national data, MRSA accounts for nearly 70 percent of Staphylococcus aureus
strains isolated from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ICUs have complex patient populaces, which can act as vessels for breeding and disseminating MRSA throughout the rest of the hospital. Daily
chlorhexidine bathing has been proven through multiple studies as an effective method to prevent or reduce the prevalence of MRSA and other
hospital acquired infections in ICUs; however, there is not consistent buy–in by nursing staff in some ICUs. In an effort to better utilize the
evidence–based research and increase patient health–outcomes hospitals should educated and train staff on proper bathing protocols to optimized

Prevention Of Hospitals For Methicillin Resistant...
Article #5 In a study Herrmann, Petit, Dawson, Biechele, Halfmann, von MГјller ... and GГ¤rtner (2013) conducted a widespread screening in the
admission of patients to hospitals for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The purpose of this study is to show that to help control the
spread of MRSA in hospital by having admission prevalence screenings. MRSA is a major nosocomial infection in hospitals and has become a
problem that can be hard to manage in patient safety. There are certain risk factors that a patient can possess when they become infected with
MRSA or are positive carriers. So, if there can be a prevalence screening for these risk factors upon admission hospitals would be able to tell if the
MRSA was acquired while in the hospital or if the patient was already infected. In the other case studies discussed they examine steps that can be
taken in the case of MRSA already infecting patients and then treating, isolating, and preventing from infecting many more. The study administered by
Herrmann et al. examines patients upon admission meaning this could help reduce the spread of MRSA other than finding that it infected patients
already admitted. Since this study was focusing on prevalence screening they needed participates from all over the region. During this study 24
hospitals participated: 12 hospitals had less than 200 beds, 10 hospitals that had up to 500 beds, one hospital with 600 beds, and one with close to
1300 beds (Herrmann et al., 2013).

Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital–acquired infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to treat
because of emerging resistance to all current antibiotics. Infections are created by pathogens, or microbes that create diseases. There are different types
of microbes including: bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Some microbes are beneficial to the human body, however, there are pathogens that are
deadly and require antibiotics. Antibiotics are antimicrobials that were developed to destroy microbes. Penicillin, the first commercialized antibiotic,
was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002) While it wasn't distributed among the general public until 1945, it
was widely used in World War II for surgical and wound infections among the Allied Forces. Methicillin was introduced in 1959 to treat infections
caused by penicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In 1961, there were reports from the United Kingdom of S. aureus isolates that had acquired
resistance to methicillin (methicillin–resistant S. aureus, MRSA).(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002)
Most often, MRSA lives and infects the skin. MRSA can also be in different... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The CDC has set goals for improving handwashing to prevent the spread of infections. (Hospital National Patient Safety Goals, 2016) With that said,
handwashing is the number one intervention that the patient, healthcare workers and families can improve upon to prevent the disease from
spreading. To stop the disease from spreading as a carrier, the CDC also recommends disinfecting all gym equipment before and after use; showering
well with soap and water before entering any public saunas, hot tubs, or pools; showering immediately after participating in sports or working out; and
showering before any intimate skin–to–skin contact with another person. (Living With MRSA,

Ballistic-Resistant Body Firearms
Unfortunately, there is no such thing as bullet proof or stab proof vest, however, the use of ballistic– resistant body armor as mentioned before can
protect against numerous significant handguns, and, rifle ammunition, and stab– resistant body armor can protect against knives and other serious
sharp objects. Equally important, body armors are categorized into levels; the levels begin with 1 which provides the least protection, in contrast, the
highest level is level 4 which offers the most protection. The levels are very important because a police officer needs to be careful when deciding the
correct body armor in reference to the type of handgun in order for protection. The level of the ballistic– resistant body armor also includes important

A Study On Multidrug Resistant Disease
Topic 1: Multidrug–Resistant Disease: Tuberculosis
PART 2: BACKGROUND OF TOPIC Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that is spread through the air from person to person. It attacks the lungs
mainly, although it can also affect different areas in the body such as the kidneys, the brain, and the spine.Tuberculosis is both preventable and curable.
It requires treatment and proper medication use. If someone affected by TB is not properly treated there is a high risk of death. The two main drugs
used in curing patients with TB are isoniazid and rifampicin. Multidrug–Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR TB) is resistant to both of these drugs used for
treatment, making it extremely hard to cure patients with the disease. Tuberculosis travels through the bloodstream and makes the immune system
weak. Multidrug–Resistant TB is caused by improper use of medication. To prevent Tuberculosis from becoming Multidrug–Resistant, patients should
take their full prescriptions of their antibiotics, make certain that their antibiotics are high quality, and perform the proper treatment course. Extensive
Mulitdrug–Resistant Tuberculosis(XDR TB) is even more of a threat due to its resistance to more drugs than just isoniazid and rifampicin. Being
resistant to a wide range of medication, Extensive Mulitdrug–Resistant Tuberculosis is even harder to cure than MDR TB. It leaves patients with small
options of treatment that have little effect. People with autoimmune diseases like HIV are way

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