The document discusses energy efficiency in cloud computing. It outlines that data center energy costs make up a large portion of total costs, with energy-related costs being 31% alone. It then discusses current approaches to improving energy efficiency, including more efficient hardware, minimizing power usage in clusters and networks, and distributed energy-efficient schedulers. The document also discusses how cloud computing can move towards being more energy efficient through virtualization, consolidation techniques, and cooling improvements. The conclusions state that the future is energy-aware data centers and green computing, and that current technologies allow leveraging energy efficiency at different levels.

1. Energy-Efficient
Cloud Computing
Walking towards a more energy-efficient computing world.
Roger Rafanell
18/6/2012
MRI

2. Outline
Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: Current state of Energy-Efficiency
Part 3: Towards Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 4: Conclusions

3. Introduction
Data centre Costs by Amazon.com
“Data centre expenses related cost of operation the
servers becomes the 57% of total budget while energy-
related costs amount to 31%.”

4. Introduction
Where does the energy goes?

5. Outline
Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: Current state of Energy-Efficiency
Part 3: Towards Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 4: Conclusions

6. Current State
Data centre power distribution

7. Current State
Research community propose solutions for optimize each
part of chain.

8. Current State
How DC can cut energy consumptions?
• Energy-efficient opportunities for power consumption:
– Energy-efficient hardware
– Power minimization in Cluster & Networks
– Distributed Energy-Efficient Schedulers (DEES)
• Cooling consumptions can be cut by:
– Better air management
– Move to liquid cooling
– Use of free cooling (Green)!

9. Current State
Energy-efficient hardware
• Processors Dynamic Speed & Voltage Scaling:
– SpeedStep (Intel)
– PowerNow (AMD)
– Cool’nQuiet (Dynamic fan speed)
• Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
• Other efficient emerging solutions:
– Solid State Disks
– Hibernation of hardware components

10. Current State
Power minimization on Clusters & Networks
“Components such as disks, memory or network
devices also use energy when server is idle, still
using up to 60% of its peak power.”
“According to some estimates, Internet may
consume more than 860 TWh annually.”
How can be mitigated?

11. Current State
Power minimization on Clusters & Networks
• Clusters
– Develop energy & economic criteria to dispatch jobs.
– Set part of servers down or to a low-power state.
– Use dynamic provisioning algorithms to obtain the minimum number of
servers required respecting SLAs.
• Networks (seriously considered since recently)
– Energy-saving routing protocols for wireless networks.
– Research on topology control (real-time network graph modification).
– On-going development of new energy-efficient Ethernet standard
(IEEE 802.3az).

12. Outline
Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: Current state of Energy-Efficiency
Part 3: Towards Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing
Part 4: Conclusions

13. Efficient Cloud Computing
Energy-aware Clouds
• Currently based on:
– Virtualization
– Consolidation
– Improvement on Cooling
– Energy-awared software: Cloud applications, Cloud
programming models, etc…

14. Efficient Cloud Computing
Virtualization
• Allows partition computational resources and share
the hardware:
– Many services often needs only small fraction of
computational resource.
– Low server utilization consumes non-less than 60% of
peak power.
– This services can be virtualized running on a virtual
machine.
– Virtual machines can be: created, terminated, cloned or
moved from host to host.

15. Efficient Cloud Computing
Consolidation techniques
• Resource optimization:
– Many virtual machines can run on a single hardware unit
(consolidation).
– Live-Migration: VM host-to-host migration while running in
nanoseconds.
– Reduction on cooling due distributing properly the VMs over physical
resources avoiding thermal hotspots.

16. Efficient Cloud Computing
Consolidation techniques

17. Efficient Cloud Computing
Cooling Improvements
• Thermal considerations:
– Of data centre interior structure (ceiling, walls, floor, …)
– For consolidation and virtualization purposes.
– For interference effects on neighbouring computing nodes.
– For correlate the temperature rise, load and power consumption.

18. Conclusions
 The IT business future is going to Energy-awared Data
centers and Green Computing.
 Nowadays, one can leverage a lot of available energy-
awared technologies and techniques at different levels.
 Researchers comunity is currently starting to tackle energy-
efficiency problems.
 Savings on Green House Gas and CO2 emissions!!!

19. Doubts?
rogerrafanell@gmail.com