Green cloud computing aims to minimize environmental impact through efficient use of computing resources. It utilizes virtualization, automation, pay-per-use billing, and multitenancy to encourage consolidation and high server utilization. This improves energy efficiency and reduces waste. Key metrics for measuring a cloud's environmental footprint include PUE, CUE, and DCP, which calculate energy and resource usage. Dynamic provisioning, multitenancy, virtualization, and data center efficiency techniques help lower energy consumption in cloud infrastructure and software.

1. Green Cloud Computing
…For Environment Sustainability !

2. The Green Cloud Computing is to optimize computing
resources to minimize the environmental footprint. This
included the control of materials, energy, water and other
scarce resources, but also the limitation of e-waste from the
manufacture to the recycling of the components.
Definition

3. According to Christopher Mines Research Director Forrester Research
Following are the key considerations in Cloud computing which are
keeping it greener…
1. Resource virtualization, enabling energy and resource efficiencies.
2. Automation software, maximizing consolidation and utilization to
drive efficiencies.
3.Pay-per-use and self-service, encouraging more efficient behavior
and life-cycle management.
4. Multitenancy, delivering efficiencies of scale to benefit many
organizations or business units.
Virtualization, Consolidation, Utilization and Multitenancy in Cloud
Computing leads to Energy Efficiency and Resource Efficiency and
accelerates green IT.

4. Methods to Calculate Environmental Foot Print
1. PUE(Power Usage Effectiveness)-This is the ratio of the total energy
consumption of the infrastructure(Building) and the consumption of
computer devices (Processors, Memory, Networks)
PUE = Total Power Consumption/Computer Device Power Consumption
2. CUE(Carbon Use Effectiveness)-Calculates the amount CO2 emitted per
Kwh used. This value depends on the technology used to produce
electricity.
CUE=(KgC02/Kwh)*PUE
3. REB(Coeficient of Renewable Energy)-To determine the environmental
impact of a data center.
REB=Quantity of Renewable Energy Used/Total Amount of Energy Used.
Calculates the amount of CO2 emitted per Kwh used.

5. 4. DCP(Data Center Productivity)-It is amount of useful work done by data
center.
DCP=Total Useful Work/Total Resources Used to this work.
5. CPE(Computer Power Efficiency)-Calculates the total amount of power truly
used for computing.
CPE=IT Equipment Utilization Energy/PUE
6. ERF( Energy Resource Factor)-Calculates the reusable energy(generated by
solar power, hydro power..etc) used by data center.
ERF= Used of Reused Energy/Total Energy Used by IT Equipment.
7.WUE(Water Usage Effectiveness)-Calculated amount of water used by data
center yearly.
WUE=Annual Usage of Water/Total Energy Used IT Equipment.

6. 8. ERE(Energy Resource Effectiveness)-It is a parameter for measuring
the profit of reuse energy from a data centre.
ERE=(Total Energy-Reused Energy)/Total Energy Used IT Equipment.
9.DciE(Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency)-It is used to calculate the
energy efficiency of data center.
DciE=(Total IT Equipment Power/Total Facility Power)*100
10.SWaP(Space, Wattage and Performance)-It is used to calculate the
Space and Energy Required by Data Center.
Swap=Performance/(Space*power)
11.GEC(Green Energy Coefficient)-It Calculates the amount of green
energy used to provide services to data centre.
GEC=Green Energy Consumed/Total Energy Consumed.

7. Areas to Achieve Green Cloud
1.Cloud Physical Infrastructure.
a) Data Centers
b) Network Devices
2. Software Using in Cloud.

8. 1.Cloud Physical Infrastructure.
a) Data Centers
Data Center Power Consumption= Cooling Devices(42%)+IT Equiment(30%)+
Electrical and Power Distribution Units(28%)
b) Network Devices
Power consumption varies wired networks to wireless networks, total distance
of the data travelled, the total numbers of devices like routers, switches, hubs
and gateways.
According to the study conducted by Tucker public Cloud is estimated to
consume about 2.7 J/b in transmission and switching in comparison to 0.46J/b
for a private Cloud.
2. Software using in Cloud.
We have to reduce the power consumption for running applications and
achieving higher performance.
Mayo Study is helpful for the research and analysis of trade-off between
performance and energy consumption due to execution of software on multiple
platforms and hardware.

9. Techniques to Achieve Green Cloud
1.Dynamic Provisioning
2.Multitenancy
3.Virtualization and Sever Utilization
4.Data Center Efficiency.

10. 1.Dynamic Provisioning
Cloud providers monitor and predict the demand and thus
allocate resources according to demand. Those applications that
require less number of resources can be consolidated on the
same server. Thus, datacenters always maintain the active
servers according to current demand, which results in low
energy consumption than the conservative approach of over-
provisioning.

11. 2. Multi Tenancy
Using multi-tenancy approach, Cloud computing
infrastructure reduces overall energy usage and
associated carbon emissions. The SaaS providers serve
multiple companies on same infrastructure and software.

12. 3.Virtualization and Sever Utilization
In general, on-premise infrastructure run with very low utilization
,sometimes it goes down up to 5 to 10 percent of average
utilization. Using virtualization technologies, multiple applications
can be hosted and executed on the same server in isolation, thus
lead to utilization levels up to 70%. Thus, it dramatically reduces
the number of active servers. Even though high utilization of
servers results in more power consumption, server running at
higher utilization can process more workload with similar power
usage.

13. 4.Data Center Efficiency.
The server design in the form of modular containers, water or air
based cooling, or advanced power management through power
supply optimization, are all approaches that have significantly
improved PUE in datacenters. In addition, Cloud computing allows
services to be moved between multiple datacenter which are
running with better PUE values. This is achieved by using high
speed network, virtualized services and measurement, and
monitoring and accounting of datacenter

14. Architecture of Green Cloud Computing