G-SLAM is a framework that optimizes energy efficiency in clouds through software, hardware, and network techniques. It proposes using a Green Service Level Agreement (GSLA) to maintain performance while optimizing for energy efficiency. The software approach reduces active servers through techniques like Ant Colony Optimization and Power Aware Best Fit Decreasing allocation. Hardware techniques apply Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling and Dynamic Voltage Scaling to servers. Network techniques aim to reduce traffic and optimize routing through algorithms like Data Center Energy Efficient Network Aware Scheduling and Energy and Topology aware VM Migration.