This presentation brings insights on cloud and green cloud computing and briefs the readers with its potential in india and how it can be achieved. Numerous insights have been collectively put in into this presentation.
In today’s world the growing demand for knowledge has made cloud computing a center of attraction. Cloud computing is providing utility based services to all the users worldwide. It enables presentation of applications from consumers, scientific and business domains. However, data centers created for cloud computing applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and a large amount of carbon dioxide emission to the environment. With enhancement of data center, the power consumption is increasing at such a rate that it has become a key concern these days because it is ultimately leading to energy shortcomings and global climatic change. Therefore, we need green cloud computing solutions that can not only save energy, but also reduce operational costs.
In today’s world the growing demand for knowledge has made cloud computing a center of attraction. Cloud computing is providing utility based services to all the users worldwide. It enables presentation of applications from consumers, scientific and business domains. However, data centers created for cloud computing applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and a large amount of carbon dioxide emission to the environment. With enhancement of data center, the power consumption is increasing at such a rate that it has become a key concern these days because it is ultimately leading to energy shortcomings and global climatic change. Therefore, we need green cloud computing solutions that can not only save energy, but also reduce operational costs.
This presentation lecture was delivered in HITEC University, Pakistan. This is my view of the cloud and next generation computing infrastructure supported by the cloud infrastructure.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. For securing user data from such attacks a new paradigm called fog computing can be used. Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined network .This technique can monitor the user activity to identify the legitimacy and prevent from any unauthorized user access. Here we have discussed this paradigm for preventing misuse of user data and securing information.
This presentation lecture was delivered in HITEC University, Pakistan. This is my view of the cloud and next generation computing infrastructure supported by the cloud infrastructure.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. For securing user data from such attacks a new paradigm called fog computing can be used. Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users. The motivation of Fog computing lies in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined network .This technique can monitor the user activity to identify the legitimacy and prevent from any unauthorized user access. Here we have discussed this paradigm for preventing misuse of user data and securing information.
Energy Saving by Virtual Machine Migration in Green Cloud Computingijtsrd
Nowadays the innovations have turned out to be so quick and advanced that enormous all big enterprises have to go for cloud. Cloud provides wide range of services, from high performance computing to storage. Datacenter consisting of servers, network, wires, cooling systems etc. is very important part of cloud as it carries various business information onto the servers. Cloud computing is widely used for large data centers but it causes very serious issues to environment such as heat emission, heavy consumption of energy, release of toxic gases like methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, etc. High energy consumption leads to high operational cost as well as low profit. So we required Green cloud computing, which very environment friendly and energy efficient version of the cloud computing. In this paper the major issues related to cloud computing is discussed. And the various techniques used to minimize the power consumption are also discussed. Ruhi D. Viroja | Dharmendra H. Viroja"Energy Saving by Virtual Machine Migration in Green Cloud Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-1 , December 2016, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd104.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/104/energy-saving-by-virtual-machine-migration-in-green-cloud-computing/ruhi-d-viroja
Green Computing: A Methodology of Saving Energy by Resource Virtualization.IJCERT
In the past a couple of years computer standard was moved to remote data farms and the
software and hardware services accessible on the premise of pay for utilize .This is called
Cloud computing, In which client needs to pay for the Services .Cloud give the Services –
Programming as a Service ,stage as a Service and foundation as a Service .These
Services gave through the remote server farms (since the information is
scattered/disseminated over the web.), as Programming requisition and different Services
relocated to the remote server farm ,Service of these server farm in the imperative. Server
farm Service confronts the issue of force utilization. At present Cloud computing based
framework squander an extraordinary measure of force and produces co2. Since
numerous servers don't have a decent quality cooling framework. Green Computing can
empower more vitality proficient utilization of computing power .This paper indicates the
prerequisite of Green Computing and methods to spare the vitality by distinctive
methodologies
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Green cloud computing India
1. GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING
SUNNY KUMAR NIRALA (BE/1163/2011) PREM PRAKASH LEYANGI(BE/1168/2011)
AKASH LAL DAS (BE/1172/2011)
UNDER GUIDANCE OF Dr. SUBRAJEET MOHAPATRA
3. CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is model for enabling convenient, on
demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud providers typically use a "pay as you go" model.
Pay As You Go (PAYG) is a utility computing billing
4. WHY? GREEN CLOUD COMPUTING
power consumption of data centers has huge impacts on
environments.
growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically
increased the energy consumption of data centers, which
has become a critical issue.
High energy consumption not only translates to high
operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud
providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is
not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy efficient
solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud
computing on the environment , hence the requirement for
green cloud computing.
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry
generates about 2% of the total global CO2 emissions, which is
equal to the aviation industry. According to a report published by
the European Union, a decrease in emission volume of 15%–30%
is required before year 2020 to keep the global temperature
increase below 2 degree C.
Energy consumption and carbon emission by Cloud
infrastructures has become a key environmental concern.
6. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CLOUD
DATA CENTRES
Cloud
datacenters
Location Estimated
power usage
Effectivenes
s
% of Dirty
Energy
Generation
% of
Renewable
Electricity
Google Lenoir 1.21 50.5% Coal,
38.7%
Nuclear
3.8%
Apple Apple, NC 50.5% Coal,
38.7%
Nuclear
3.8%
Microsoft Chicago, IL 1.22 72.8% Coal,
22.3%
Nuclear
1.1%
8. POWER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS
(PUE)
Power usage effectiveness (PUE) is a metric used to determine
the energy efficiency of a data center.
PUE = Total Facility Power / IT Equipment Power.
DCiE = IT Equipment Power / Total Facility Power.
1<= PUE <= infinity .
Average PUE in US =1.91.
Average PUE in INDIA =2.5 and above
9. Cooling device (Chiller, Computer
Room Air Conditioning (CRAC))
33%+9%
IT Equipment 30%
Electrical Equipments (UPS, Power
Distribution Units (PDUs), lighting)
28%
Within a datacenter is its cooling system that contributes to almost 1/3 of
total energy consumption.
10. IMPROVING COOLING EFFICIENCY IN
DATA CENTRES
Implement Hot-Aisle/Cold-Aisle -
Arrange racks in rows so the fronts face each other in cold aisles
and the backs face each other in hot aisles. That prevents servers
from drawing in hot air from servers in the adjacent row . Hot-
aisle/cold-aisle configurations can reduce energy use up to 20%.
Install Blanking Panels –
Blocking off unused rack spaces forces cold air through your
servers and prevents hot air from recirculating through the
enclosure.
Organize Cables -
Tangled cables block airflow. They prevent efficient cold air
distribution under raised floors and cause heat to build up inside
enclosures.
11. Use Close-Coupled Cooling -
Close-coupled cooling allows you to focus cooling where it’s
needed most without lowering the temperature of the entire room.
The modular nature of close-coupled cooling also allows data
center managers to quickly reconfigure cooling to handle new
equipment or overheating racks.
Isolate and Remove Hot Air -
Thermal duct rack enclosures route hot air through an overhead
duct .
Replace Inefficient UPS Systems -
Removing unnecessary heat sources helps cool the room.
12. COST EFFECTIVE COOLING OF DATA
CENTRES
Data centres should be setup in those regions having lesser
temperature throughout the year.
World’s leading tech. companies such as Google show us the
away , that a significant decrease in Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) can be obtained by simply choosing an appropriate
location for the data center. Regions with cooler temperature
throughout the year are more preferable. This is because cooling
consumes a large portion of total energy consumed in data
centers in India. As per Industry experts 80 degrees Fahrenheit is a
safe temperature value , considering IT equipment specifications.
13. DATA CENTRES IN INDIA
Location Sq. area(in sq. ft) Rack-loading(in kgs)
Ahmedabad 13,729 1000-1200
Mumbai 12,000 1000-1200
Jaipur 10,111 1000-1200
Ludhiana 7870 1000-1200
Faridabad 13,450 1000-1200
Ghaziabad 6280 1000-1200
14. MERITS OF DATA CENTRES IN
INDIA
In india BSNL has incorporated with DIMENSION DATA to
develop data centres supporting green computing .Some features
of these data centres are
1. Green Computing adoption.
2. Incorporation of appropriate technology in infrastructure help us
reduce operational expenses such as power consumption and
heat generation and also reduce the carbon footprint.
15. HOW GREEN COMPUTING IS
ACHIEVED IN DATA CENTRES IN INDIA
adopting “green” friendly technologies at various aspects of the data centre
such as :
1. Exploring utilization of renewable energy sources to power
certain functional areas of the data centre.
2. Deploying energy efficient servers and storage.
3. Virtualization to drive up efficiency.
4. Employing power saver features into the critical equipments, for
example servers go into sleep mode.
5. Reduceing unnecessary operational overheads and travel by
centralizing all the operations through our command centre. We
are striving to run these data centres at a PUE of 1.7 .
16. POWER
Data centres get power from electricity (which is produced by
burning coal in power plants leading to enormous amount of
carbon emission in the atmosphere) and backup
generators(running on deisel having high cost and adds to
pollution of the atmosphere).
Feasible alternative leading to green cloud computing
Initially POWER is obtained form ELECTRICITY(from
plants)+ELECTRICITY(from backup generator) .
17. RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SOURCE
OF POWER
The installed capacity of Renewable energy has touched 32,269.6
Mw or 12.95% of the total potential available in the country, as on
March 31, 2014. With this, the renewable energy, including large
hydro electricity, constitutes 28.8% of the overall installed capacity
in India.
The untapped market potential for overall renewable energy in
India is 2,16,918.39 Mw that shows huge growth potential for
renewable energy in India.
India has the world's fifth-largest electricity generation capacity,
which currently stands at 243 Gw.
18. Equipments used in Datacentres and their Power
Consumption
Equipment Capacity Power
consumption
Storage HP 8100 EVA 604.8 Tb 4.9 kW
Content Server HP DL380 G5 800 Mb/s 225 W
Computation
Server
HP DL380 G5 335 W
LAN Cisco 6509 320 Gb/s 3.8 kW
Gateway Router Juniper MX-960 660 Gb/s 5.1 kW
Ethernet
Switch(Small)
Cisco 4503 64 Gb/s 474 W
Ethernet Switch Cisco 6509 160 Gb/s 3.8 kW
BNG Juniper E320 60 Gb/s 3.3 kW
Provider Edge Cisco 12816 160 Gb/s 4.21 kW
Core Router Cisco CRS-1 640 Gb/s 10.9 kW
WDM(800Km) Fujitsu 7700 40 Gb/s 136 W/Channel
19. VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization software makes it possible to run multiple operating
systems and multiple applications on the same server at the same
time,“
Virtualization converts discrete servers to virtualized images that
run as independent machines on a centralized server or server
pool.
The technology behind virtualization is known as a virtual machine
monitor (VMM) or virtual manager
Hardware Virtualization uses software that is called a hypervisor
(commonly VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, or Citrix XenServer)
to abstract the physical characteristics of a server. This permits
multiple guest operating systems to run virtually on a single
physical server.
"It enables businesses to reduce IT costs while increasing the
efficiency, utilization and flexibility of their existing computer
hardware.“
20. ADVANTAGES
Maximize resources — Virtualization can reduce the number of
physical systems you need to acquire, and you can get more
value out of the servers. Most traditionally built systems are
underutilized.
Multiple systems —run different operating systems and
applications
IT budget integration — When you use virtualization,
management, administration and all the attendant requirements of
managing your own infrastructure remain a direct cost of your IT
operation. Reduce it staffing to manage different servers
individually.
Large corporations with little downtime tolerance and airtight
security requirements may find that virtualization fits them best.
Traditionally suited with private clouds.
21. GREEN ADVANTAGES
Desktop Virtualization facilitates a number of carbon-footprint reducing
initiatives:
Freeing up of server or storage devices, which can then be re-deployed in
those areas where additional capacity is sought, thus preventing the need for
additional hardware purchase. Excess devices can be decommissioned,
thereby reducing the volume of IT hardware that needs to be powered,
maintained and cooled.
Enables the deployment of greener, energy-efficient thin-client devices or
helps extend the lifespan of older, conventional, PC devices by deploying
them as lower-function access devices.
By separating the user experience from a fixed device, users can access
their virtual desktops from a variety of locations. For business, this facilitates
environmentally friendly work-from-home or tele-commuting initiatives and
provides the business with the option of scaling back office-space
provisioning.
22. EXAMPLE OF
VIRTUALIZED/UNVIRTUALIZED DATA
CENTERS
Before virtualization:
Annual energy utilization = 100kW x 8760 hrs/yr = 876000 kWh
Annual electricity cost = 876000kWh x Rs. 3.10/kWh* = Rs. 27,
15,600
*Base Tariff for HT I – Industries – Mahadiscom
After Virtualization:
Assumption that the PUE goes up to 2.1 due to reduced capacity
utilization.
Annual energy utilization = (25+25*1.1=52.5) kW x 8760 hrs/yr =
459900 kWh
Annual electricity cost = 459900 kWh x Rs. 3.10/kWh* = Rs.
14,25,690
*Base Tariff for HT I – Industries – Mahadiscom, for example at
commercial consumer level prices are at more than 2x of these
levels.
23. Tulip Telecom free up many racks, amounting to about Rs 30 lakh
per year. Power consumption by the datacenter has reduced to 8
KW, lowering power and cooling expenses by Rs 17 lakh per
year.
Over all, the server virtualization project has helped Tulip Telecom
save almost Rs 55 lakh per year, while furthering its commitment
to greener datacenters.
Considering that both data centers (both before and after
virtualization) are able to perform the same amount of work, we
can see from the above calculation that the virtualized data center
is noticeably more energy efficient.
24. EXAMPLE
Capgemini can, on average, cut the number of servers needed by 55%-75%,
which would move the average utilization of a typical organization's IT estate from
between 5%-30% to as high as 65%-85%.
The most sustainable data center in the world
Capgemini's newest data center, the Merlin facility in Swindon, UK, boasts
astounding energy-efficiency credentials, including:
A PUE of 1.09 (factory tested)
Capgemini's global infrastructure outsourcing services supports over 26,000
physical servers, of which 8,000 are virtualized.
The fresh air-cooling system delivers 80% savings in run costs and produces up to
50% less carbon output.
Uses 91% less power than a conventional data center with a PUE of 2.5
Has a power plant that utilizes a state-of-the-art flywheel – not battery – UPS with
fast generators for improved resilience.
25. CARBON EMISSIONS EXAMPLE
USA
Compared with natural gas, which emits between 0.6 and 2
pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour
(CO2E/kWh), and coal, which emits between 1.4 and 3.6 pounds
of CO2E/kWh, wind emits only 0.02 to 0.04 pounds of
CO2E/kWh, solar 0.07 to 0.2,geothermal 0.1 to 0.2,
and hydroelectric between 0.1 and 0.5. Renewable electricity
generation from biomass can have a wide range of global warming
emissions depending on the resource and how it is harvested.
Sustainably sourced biomass has a low emissions footprint, while
unsustainable sources of biomass can generate significant global
warming emissions.
27. STABLE ENERGY PRICES
Renewable energy is providing affordable electricity across the
country right now, and can help stabilize energy prices in the
future.
The costs of renewable energy technologies have declined
steadily, and are projected to drop even more. For example, the
average price of a solar panel has dropped almost 60 percent
since 2011 . The cost of generating electricity from wind dropped
more than 20 percent between 2010 and 2012 and more than 80
percent since 1980 .
While renewable facilities require upfront investments to build,
once built they operate at very low cost and, for most
technologies, the fuel is free. As a result, renewable energy prices
are relatively stable over time.
28. MEASURES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY
OF DATA CENTRE
1. Processor Efficiency -processor manufacturers provide lower voltage versions
of their processors that consume on average 30 Watts less than standard
processors.
2. Power Supplies -Best-in-class power supplies are available today that deliver
efficiency of 90 percent. Use of these power supplies reduces power draw within
the data center by 124 kW or 11 percent of the 1,127 kW total.
3. Power management software -Data centers are sized for peak conditions that
may rarely exist. In a typical business data center, daily demand progressively
increases from about 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. and then begins to drop again at 5 p.m.
Server processors have power management features built-in that can reduce
power when the processor is idle.
4. Blade Servers -Many organizations have implemented blade servers to meet
processing requirements and improve server management
5. Server Virtualization-As server technologies are optimized, virtu- alization is
increasingly being deployed to increase server utilization and reduce the number
of servers required.
29. 6. Higher Voltage AC Power Distribution -Most data centers use a
type of UPS called a double-conversion system. These systems
convert incoming power to DC and then back to AC within the UPS.
This enables the UPS to generate a clean, consistent waveform for
IT equipment and effectively isolates IT equipment from the power
source.
7. Cooling Best Practices -Most data centers have implemented
some best practices, such as the hot-aisle/cold- aisle rack
arrangement. Potential exists in sealing gaps in floors, using blanking
panels in open spaces in racks, and avoiding mixing of hot and cold
air.
8. Variable-Capacity Cooling.
9. High-Density Supplemental Cooling .
10. Monitoring and Optimization -Room cooling units on one side of a
facility may be humidifying the environment based on local conditions
while units on the opposite side of the facility are dehumidifying.
30. Energy
saving
actions
Saving independent of
other action
Saving(kw) Saving(%)
Saving with cascade effect
Saving(Kw) Saving(%)
cumulative
s saving
Low power
processors
111 10 111 10 111
High-
efficiency
power
supplies
141 12 124 11 235
Power
management
features
125 11 88 8 321
Blade servers 8 1 7 1 328
Server
virtualization
156 14 86 8 414
31. Energy-Saving
Action
Saving independent
of other action
Saving(kw)
Saving(%)
Saving with cascade effect
Saving(Kw) Saving(%) Cumulative
s Saving
Higher Voltage
AC Power
Distribution
34 3 20 2 434
Cooling Best
Practices
24 2 15 1 449
Variable
Capacity
Cooling
79 7 49 4 498
Supplemental
Cooling
200 18 72 6 570
Monitoring and
Optimization
25 2 15 1 585
32. LIMITATION OF GREEN CLOUD
COMPUTING
The principle limitation is the high cost of purchase of components
that are required to make the cloud computing more efficient and
more environment friendly(like cooling eqipments,carbon
emission rating meter etc.)
The maintenance of devices in data centres is also a prime
limitation.
The provision of power from renewable sources in developing
countries is limited and expensive .