This document discusses the changing landscape for communications service providers due to rising social networking, cloud services, and mobile internet usage. It notes that while traffic volumes are exploding, revenues are not increasing at the same rate. It identifies three key success factors for service providers: simplifying complex networks to lower costs, improving customer experience, and developing new business models. The document proposes next-generation optical transport networks and open lambda initiatives to help service providers cope with increasing demand through simplified, converged access networks and spectrum sharing between multiple operators on the same fiber infrastructure.